采用改性ABS材料构造三维物体的方法 Modified ABS material structure using the method of three-dimensional objects

技术领域 Technical Field

本发明涉及采用基于挤压的分层沉积系统制造三维（3D)物体。 The present invention relates to the use of manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) layered deposition system based on extruded objects. 特别地，本发明涉及由包含改性ABS材料的构成材料制造3D物体。 In particular, the present invention relates to modified ABS material containing a constituent material for manufacturing 3D objects.

背景技术 Background

基于挤压的分层沉积系统(如，由Stratasys, Inc.的Eden Prairie, MN开 Extrusion based layered deposition system (e.g., by a Stratasys, Inc. of Eden Prairie, MN open

发的熔融沉积建模系统)被用来通过挤出易流动的构成材料以逐层的方式由计算机辅助设计(CAD)模型构造3D物体。 Made of fused deposition modeling system) it is used by extruding flowable material layer by layer manner constituted by the computer-aided design (CAD) model construct 3D objects. 构成材料通过由挤出头携带的喷嘴被挤出，并如路线（roads)顺序一样沿xy平面沉积在基底上。 Constituent material carried by the extrusion head nozzle is extruded, and the same route as (roads) along the xy plane sequentially deposited on the substrate. 挤出的构成材料与先前沉积的构成材料熔合，并随着温度的下降而凝固。 The constituent material constituting the extruded material previously deposited fused and solidified with decreasing temperature. 随后，挤出头相对于基底的位置沿着z轴(垂直于xy平面)增长，且随后重复该过程，以形成类似CAD模型的3D物体。 Subsequently, the extrusion head relative to the substrate along the z-axis (perpendicular to the xy plane) growth, and then the process is repeated to form a similar 3D CAD model of the object.

挤出头相对于基底的运动在计算机控制下进行，与代表3D物体的构造数据一致。 Extrusion head movement relative to the substrate under computer control, consistent with the structure of the data on behalf of 3D objects. 构造数据通过最初将3D物体的CAD模型分成多个水平切割层而获得。 Originally constructed by the CAD model data 3D object into a plurality of horizontal cutting layers obtained. 随后，对于每个切割层，主机产生用于沉积构成材料路线以形成3D物体的构造路径。 Then, for each cut layer, the host-generated route for depositing a constituent material to form the structure of the path of 3D objects.

在通过沉积构成材料层而制造3D物体的过程中，支撑层或结构通常构造在不由构成材料本身支撑的伸出部分之下，或者构造在不由构成材料本身支撑的构造中的物体的空腔中。 By depositing the material layer constituting the 3D object fabrication process, typically the supporting layers or structures under construction in the material itself constituting not help projecting portion of the support, or help in the construction material itself constituting the cavity in the support structure of the object . 支撑结构可以采用与沉积构成材料相同的沉积技术构造。 The support structure may be used with the same depositional structure material deposition techniques. 主机产生附加的几何形状作为形成中的3D物体的伸出或自由空间部分的支撑结构。 The master generates additional geometry as a form of 3D objects in free space or support structures projecting portion. 随后，根据在构造过程中所产生的几何形状，支撑材料由第二挤出顶端沉积。 Subsequently, according to the geometry generated during construction, the support material is deposited by the second extruder to the top. 在制造过程中，支撑材料粘结到构成材料上，并且当构造过程完成时可以从完成的3D物体上去除。 In the manufacturing process, the support material is bonded to the constituent material, and can be removed from the completed 3D object when the build process is complete.

构成材料通常表现出非牛顿流动特性，即构成材料在挤出流动的初始启动阶段抵抗移动。 Constituting materials typically exhibit non-Newtonian flow characteristics, constitute material flow resistance movement in the extrusion initial start-up phase. 因此，许多3D物体共有的问题是由于非牛顿流动特性所导致的挤出头的响应时间的限制。 Therefore, the problem common to many 3D objects is to limit the response time of the extrusion head due to the non-Newtonian flow characteristics caused. 这种限制可能降低沉积精确度，并且特别是可以看到其中每层所沉积的构成材料的量相对较小的微细部件 Such restriction may reduce the accuracy of the deposition, and in particular to see where the amount of each constituent of the deposited material is a relatively small part of the fine

结构。 Structure. 因此，需要改善用于沉积构成材料的挤出头的响应时间的构造3D Therefore, a need to improve 3D structure for depositing a constituent material of the extrusion head response time

物体的方法。 An object method. 发明内容 DISCLOSURE

本发明涉及一种采用基于挤压的分层沉积系统构造3D物体的方法。 The present invention relates to a structure of the 3D object extruded Methods based layered deposition system. 该方法包括将改性ABS材料送入基于挤压的分层沉积系统的挤出头，并在改善挤出头的响应时间的条件下，在挤出头中熔化所送入的改性ABS材料。 The method comprises the modified ABS material fed to the extrusion head of the extrusion-based layered deposition system, and in improving the conditions of the response time of the extrusion head, the melt is fed in the extrusion head modified ABS Materials . 随后，以逐层的方式沉积所熔化的热塑性材料，以形成三维物体。 Subsequently, the deposited layer by layer manner by melting the thermoplastic material to form a three-dimensional object.

附图说明 Brief Description

图1为基于挤压的（extrusion-based)分层沉积系统的构造腔的透视图，示出根据本发明构造的3D物体。 Figure 1 is a perspective view of the build chamber extruded (extrusion-based) system based on layered deposits, showing the configuration of the present invention, a 3D object.

图2为基于挤压的分层沉积系统的挤出头构造流水线的局部放大截面图。 Figure 2 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the extrusion head configured based on the extrusion line of layered deposition system.

图3为采用基于挤压的分层沉积系统构造3D物体的方法的流程图。 Figure 3 is a flowchart construct 3D objects squeeze layered deposition systems-based approach adopted. 图4-7为表示根据本发明进行的挤出行程和对比例的挤出行程的驱 Figure 4-7 shows the extrusion stroke according to the present invention and comparative extrusion stroke drive

动压力与挤出速率之比的图表。 Chart of the dynamic pressure and extrusion rate ratio.

图8为表示根据本发明进行的挤出行程和对比例的挤出行程的驱动压 Figure 8 is a stroke extrusion press according to the present invention and comparative extrusion stroke drive

力与挤出速率之比的图表。 Charts force and the extrusion rate of the ratio.

具体实施方式 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

图1为基于挤压的分层沉积系统的构造腔10的透视图，其包括挤出头12、导轨14、构造平台16、 3D物体18和支撑结构20。 Figure 1 is a perspective view of a layered structure of the extrusion chamber deposition system based on 10, which comprises the extrusion head 12, the guide rail 14, the platform structure 16, 3D object 18 and support structure 20. 可以结合构造腔10的合适的基于挤压的分层沉积系统包括熔融沉积建模系统，该熔融沉积建模系统可以通过市售的来自Stratasys，Inc.,EdenPrairie,MN的商品标识"FDM"获得。 We can build chamber combined with a suitable extrusion-based layered deposition system includes a fused deposition modeling system 10, which can be fused deposition modeling system from Stratasys, Inc., EdenPrairie, MN commodity identification "FDM" by commercially available . 挤出头12配置成挤出分别以逐层方式构造3D物体18和支撑结构20的易流动构成材料和支撑材料的装置。 Extrusion head 12 is configured to drill were constructed out of 3D object 18 and support structure 20 with an easy flow of materials and devices supporting materials. 挤出头12的适合装置的例子在LaBossiere等美国专利申请公开文件No. 2007/0003656和LaBossiere等的美国专利申请No. 11/396,845(公开为美国专利申请公开文件No. 2007/0228590)中被披露。 Examples of suitable means of extrusion head 12 Original documents LaBossiere etc., etc. U.S. Patent No. 2007/0003656 and LaBossiere U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 396,845 (published as US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0228590) is Disclosure.

挤出头12由在构造腔10内沿着x轴延伸的导轨14和沿y轴沐示出)延伸的辅助导轨(未示出)支撑在构造腔10内。 Extrusion head 12 by the guide rail 10 in the build chamber 14 extending along the x-axis and y-axis Mu shown) extending auxiliary rails (not shown) supported within the build chamber 10. 导轨14和辅助导轨允许挤出头12在沿x轴和y轴的平面内沿任何方向移动。 Rail and the secondary rail 14 allowing extrusion head 12 is moved in the x and y axes of the plane in any direction. 构造平台16为构造3D物体18和支撑结构20的工作面，并且沿着z轴可以调整高度。 Build platform 16 is configured 3D object 18 and support structure working surface 20, and the height can be adjusted along the z axis.

用来构造3D物体18的构成材料为能够从挤出头12挤出的改性ABS材料，具有改善的响应时间，由此改善沉积工艺的精确度。 Constituent material used to construct the 3D object 18 is capable of extruded from the extrusion head 12 modified ABS material, with improved response time, thereby improving the accuracy of the deposition process. 用于本发明的合适的改性ABS材料的例子包括由附加的单体、低聚体和/或聚合物改性ABS材料，如丙烯酸基材料。 Examples of suitable modified ABS material of the present invention comprises additional monomers, oligomers and / or polymer modified ABS material, such as acrylic-based material. 市售可获得的合适的改性ABS材料的例子包括来自General Electric Co.， Pittsfield， MA的具有商品标识"CYCOLAC，，ABS MG94-NA1000的甲基丙烯酸甲酯改性ABS /聚乙烯(苯乙烯丙烯腈)混合物。 Commercial examples of suitable modified ABS materials available including those from General Electric Co., Pittsfield, MA has the commodity identification "CYCOLAC ,, ABS methyl methacrylate-modified ABS MG94-NA1000's / polyethylene (styrene acrylonitrile) mixture.

3D物体18包括销钉结构22和伸出部分24，其中销钉结构22为在沿x轴和y轴的平面具有较小的平均横截面的多层、精细部件结构。 3D object 18 comprises a pin structure 22 and the projecting portion 24, in which the pin 22 is a planar structure along the x-axis and y-axis having a multilayer smaller average cross-section, the fine structure components. 销钉结构22为精细部件结构的例子，其在标准ABS共聚物(如，市售可以获得的来自Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI的具有商品标识"AG700 ABS"的ABS共聚物)一起构造时可能表现出显著的构造不精确性。 22 is an example of the fine structure of the pin member structure, its performance may be configured together in a standard ABS copolymers (e.g., commercially available from the Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI has the commodity identification "AG700 ABS" the ABS copolymer) a remarkable structure inaccuracies. 例如，当构造在沿x轴和y轴的平面内具有至少一个约3.0毫米(约120密耳)或更小的宽度的精细部件结构时，标准的ABS共聚物将导致明显的不精确性。 For example, when configured with at least one of about 3.0 mm (about 120 mils) or less fine parts of the structure width in the x-axis and y-axis plane, standard ABS copolymer will result in significant inaccuracies. 这可能会损坏所产生的3D物体的美学和物理品质。 This can damage the aesthetic and physical quality of the resulting 3D objects.

相反，由于通过从挤出头12沉积改性ABS材料而获得的改善的响应时间，销钉结构22被构造为具有更大的沉积精确度。 In contrast, since the response time from the extrusion head 12 is deposited by modified ABS material obtained improved, the pin structure 22 is configured to have a greater deposition accuracy. 结果，在沿x轴和y轴的平面内适合的销钉结构22的横截面尺寸包括约3.0毫米(约120密耳）或更小的宽度，特别适合的宽度范围为约1.5毫米(约60密耳)至约2.8毫米(约110密耳)。 As a result, the cross-section in the x-axis and y-axis plane for the pin structure size 22 include about 3.0 mm (about 120 mils) or smaller width, especially for the width of the range of about 1.5 mm (about 60 mil, ear) to about 2.8 mm (about 110 mils). 在下文讨论的处理条件下，这种材料能够获得更大牛顿性（Newtonian-like)(与标准ABS共聚物相比)，由此在构造3D物体10改善了挤出头12的响应时间。 Under processing conditions discussed below, this material can be obtained more Newtonian (Newtonian-like) (compared to the standard ABS copolymer), thereby constructing 3D object 10 improves the response time of the extrusion head 12. 此外，改性ABS材料能够为3D物体提供优良的层间粘附力和零件强度。 In addition, the modified ABS material can provide excellent interlayer adhesion strength of 3D objects and parts.

支撑结构20采用支撑材料以逐层的方式在构造平台上构造，由此支撑3D物体18的伸出区域24。 The support structure 20 using the support material layer by layer manner in construction platform structure, thereby extending the support area 24 3D object 18. 除了用增强的响应时间进行沉积之外，改性ABS材料还适合与市售可获得的来自Stratasys, Inc., Eden Prairie， MN的具有商品标识"WATERWORKS"和"SOLUBLE SUPPORTS"的水溶性支撑材料一起使用。 In addition to the deposition enhanced response time than the modified ABS material is also suitable for use with commercially available water-soluble support material from Stratasys, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN has the commodity identification "WATERWORKS" and "SOLUBLE SUPPORTS" of used together. 此外，改性ABS材料还适合与市售可获得的来自Stratasys，Inc., Eden Prairie, MN的具有商品标识"BASS"的分离支撑材料和在Crump等人的美国专利No. 5，503，785中公开的材料一起使用。 In addition, the modified ABS material is also suitable for use with commercially available from Stratasys, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN has the commodity identification "BASS" separation of the support material and in Crump et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,503,785 for use with the materials disclosed. 相比之下，标准的ABS共聚物表现出对"BASS"基支撑结构的明显的粘附力。 In contrast, the standard ABS copolymer exhibits of "BASS" base support structure apparent adhesion. 改性ABS材料非常容易从"BASS"基支撑结构上分离，同时还允许在构造过程中具有合适的粘附力。 Modified ABS material is very easily separated from the "BASS" base support structure, and also allows to have suitable adhesion during construction.

图2为用于挤出的改性ABS材料以构造3D物体18(如图1所示)的挤出头12(如图1所示)的构造流水线26的局部放大截面图。 Figure 2 is modified for extruded ABS material to construct 3D object 18 (shown in Figure 1) in the extrusion head 12 (shown in Figure 1) is constructed pipeline 26 an enlarged partial sectional view. 构造流水线26包括进料管28、基块30、进料道32、驱动系统34、液化器组件36和构造顶端38，这些被配置为与在LaBossiere等的美国专利申请No.11/396，845(公开为美国专利申请公开No. 2007/0228590)中公开的方式一样。 Structure 26 includes a feed pipe line 28, the base block 30, the feed channel 32, the drive system 34, the liquefier 38 to the top assembly 36 and the structure, which is configured to LaBossiere like in U.S. Patent Application No.11 / 396,845 (published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0228590) in the same manner as disclosed. 进料管28从位于构造腔10外部(如图1所示)的供应源(未示出）接收改性ABS材料的丝状体(称为丝状体40)。 From the feed pipe 28 is located outside the build chamber 10 (shown in FIG. 1) of the supply source (not shown) to receive filamentous modified ABS material (referred to filaments 40). 丝状体40延伸通过基块30的进料管28和进料道32，由此允许驱动系统34将丝状体40送入液化器组件36。 Filament 40 extends through the base block 30 of the feed pipe 28 and feed channel 32, thereby allowing the system 34 to drive filaments 40 into liquefier assembly 36.

驱动系统34包括被配置为啮合并夹紧丝状体40的驱动辊42和惰辊44。 Drive system 34 includes a filament configured to engage and clamp the body 40 of the drive roller 42 and idler roller 44. 驱动辊42轴向连接至驱动电动机(未示出），驱动电动机允许驱动辊42和惰辊44将丝状体送入液化器组件36。 An axial drive roller 42 is connected to a drive motor (not shown), the driving motor allow the driving roller 42 and idler roller 44 into liquefier assembly filament 36. 液化器组件36包括液化器块46和液化器通道48。 Liquefier assembly 36 including liquefied liquefier block 46 and the channel 48. 液化器通道48是延伸通过液化器块46的通道，液化器块46具有靠近驱动系统34的入口和构造顶端38处的出口。 Liquefier channel 48 is a channel extending through liquefier block 46, block 46 liquefier having an inlet and an outlet close to the drive system 34 of the top 38 construction of. 挤出通道48为丝状体40提供了穿过液化器块46的路径。 Extrusion channel 40 provides a path through 48 liquefier block 46 of filaments. 液化器块46为基于沿液化器块46的热分布将丝状体熔化至希望的流型的加热块。 Liquefier block 46 to block 46 along the heat distribution of the liquefier will melt filaments to a desired flow pattern based on the heating block. 构造顶端38为固定至液化器组件36的挤出顶端。 The top structure 38 fixed to the top of the liquefier assembly 36 of the extrusion. 构造顶端38具有用于沉积改性ABS材料路线的顶端直径，其中路线宽度和高度部分地基于顶端直径。 The top 38 has a tip diameter structure for depositing modified ABS material route wherein the width and height of the route based on the top diameter. 构造顶端38的合适的顶端直径的例子的范围为约250微米(约10密耳)至510微米(约20密耳)。 Range structure to the top right to the top 38 of a diameter of about 250 microns example (about 10 mils) to 510 microns (about 20 mils).

通过从驱动电动机向驱动辊42施加旋转力，改性ABS材料挤出通过挤出头12的构造流水线26。 By applying a rotational force from the drive motor to the drive roller 42, the modified ABS material is extruded through an extrusion head 12 constructed pipeline 26. 驱动辊42和惰辊44的摩擦粘着力将旋转力转换成施加至丝状体40的驱动压力。 Drive roller 42 and idler roller 44 to convert rotational friction adhesion force to exert pressure to drive the filament 40. 驱动压力将丝状体40的连续部分用力推入液化器通道48，其中改性ABS材料由液化器块46熔化。 Drive continuous filaments pressure portion 40 firmly into the liquefier channel 48, wherein the modified ABS material is melted by the liquefier block 46. 丝状体40的未熔化部分用作活塞，以将熔化的改性ABS材料用力推动通过液化器通道48和构造顶端38，由此挤出熔化的改性ABS材料。 Unmelted portion of filaments 40 is used as a piston to the melting of the modified ABS material is hard push to the top through the liquefier channel 48 and structure 38, thereby extruding the molten modified ABS material. 将丝状体40推入液化器通道48并挤出烙化的改性ABS材料所需要的驱动压力基于多个因素，如改性ABS材料的流动阻力、驱动辊42的轴承磨擦、驱动辊42和惰辊44之间的夹紧摩擦、以及其它因素，所有的这些因素抵抗由驱动辊42和惰辊44施加丝状体40的驱动压力。 The filament 40 is pushed into the liquefier channel 48 and out of the modified ABS material branded drivers pressure based on several factors, such as the flow resistance of the modified ABS material bearing friction drive roller 42, the drive roller 42 and clamping the friction between the idler rollers 44, as well as other factors, all of these factors drive pressure resistance 42 and idler roll 44 施加丝 like body by the drive roller 40.

在构造工艺期间，构成材料的挤出流动特性通常属于三个挤出阶段： During the construction process, the extrusion flow characteristics of the constituent material generally fall in three out of stages:

(1)启动阶段，其中挤出流率从零流率增加至稳态流率；（2)稳态阶段；以及(3)停止阶段，其中挤出流率从稳态流率降至零流率。 (1) start-up phase, in which the extrusion flow rate increases from zero flow rate to the steady flow rate; (2) the steady-state phase; and (3) stop phase, wherein the extrusion flow rate to zero flow rate from a steady flow rate. 在稳态阶段，构成材料的挤出流率是施加至丝状体(如，丝状体40)的驱动压力和上述对驱动压力的阻力之间的差。 In the steady-state phase, out of the flow rate is the difference between the constituent material applied to the filaments (eg, filaments 40) driving pressure and the resistance between the driving pressure. 然而，在启动阶段，构成材料最初表现出对挤出的附加阻力，该附加阻力需要在将挤出构成材料之前被克服。 However, in the start-up phase, constitute material initially exhibit additional resistance to extrusion, the additional resistance required prior to extrusion constituting the material is overcome. 这种附加阻力在此称为构成材料的触变阈值(thixiotropic threshold)。 This additional resistance referred to herein as the constituent material of the thixotropic threshold (thixiotropic threshold).

较高的触变阈值通常要求更大的驱动压力启动挤出流动。 Thixotropic higher threshold usually require larger drive pressure to start flowing out. 这相应地增加了在驱动电动机将旋转力施加至驱动辊时和挤出流动实际开始时之间的时间，由此限制了挤出头的响应时间。 This in turn increases the time and the actual start of the extrusion flow between the drive motor when the rotational force is applied to the drive roller, thereby limiting the response time of the extrusion head. 如上所述，这种响应时间的限制可能会降低沉积精确度，而沉积精确度对精细部件结构来说是特别明显的。 As described above, this limit may decrease the response time of the deposition accuracy, and the accuracy of the deposition of the fine structure components is particularly evident. 因此，如下所述，通过在为改性ABS材料提供降低的触变阈值的条件下挤出改性ABS材料，改善了挤出头12的响应时间。 Thus, as described below, by providing in a reduced threshold for the modified thixotropic material conditions extruded ABS modified ABS material, the extrusion head 12 is improved response time.

图3为方法50的流程图，其为在启动阶段期间以改善的响应时间来构造3D物体18(如图1所示)的合适方法。 Figure 3 is a flowchart of a method 50, which is during the start-up phase in order to improve the response time to construct the 3D object 18 (shown in Figure 1) is suitable method. 方法50包括步骤52-58，并且最初包括将改性ABS材料的丝状体送至挤出头12 (步骤52)。 Method 50 includes steps 52-58, and initially involves conchocelis modified ABS material supplied to the extrusion head 12 (step 52). 在一个实施例中，选择改性ABS材料，使得改性ABS材料可以以16，4微升/秒(1，000微立方英寸每秒(mics))的挤出速率从标准形状的液化器以最大的液化器温度，以约6.9兆帕(约1000磅/平方英寸(psi))或更小、更希望的是约5.2兆帕(约750psi)或更小的驱动压力被挤出。 In one embodiment, the modified ABS material selection, so that the material can be modified ABS 16,4 l / s (000 cubic inches per second micro (mics)) extrusion rate from standard shapes to liquefier the largest liquefaction temperature to about 6.9 MPa (about 1000 pounds / square inch (psi)) or less, more desirably about 5.2 MPa (about 750psi) or less driving pressure is extruded.

如在此所使用的，术语"标准形状的液化器"被定义为具有构造顶端的液化器，具有从1.943毫米(0.0765英寸)至1.905毫米(0.075英寸)范围的 As used herein, the term "standard shape liquefier" is defined as a liquefaction tip having a structure, having from 1.943 mm (0.0765 inches) to 1.905 mm (0.075 inches) wide

9液化器管内径、77.343 +/- 0.254毫米(3.045 +/- 0.010英寸)的顶端总长度、 0.762 +/- 0.051毫米(0.030 +/- 0.002英寸)的内径颈部长度、以及0.406 +/-0.013毫米(0.016+/-0.0005英寸)的顶端末端平台内径。 9 liquefier tube diameter, 77.343 +/- 0.254 mm (3.045 +/- 0.010 inches) of the top of the overall length of 0.762 +/- 0.051 mm (0.030 +/- 0.002 inches) of the length of the inner diameter of the neck, and 0.406 +/- 0.013 mm (0.016 +/- 0.0005 inches) inside diameter of the top end of the platform. 而且，如在此所使用的，术语"最大的液化器温度"被定义为改性ABS材料在两分钟内不改变颜色或流动特性而能够承受的最大液化器温度。 Moreover, as used herein, the term "maximum liquefaction temperature" is defined as the modified ABS material does not change color within two minutes, or flow characteristics can withstand a maximum temperature of liquefaction. 满足这种标准的改性ABS材料包括上述讨论的合适的改性ABS材料。 Meet this criteria include modified ABS material suitable modified ABS materials discussed above.

随后，改性ABS材料在挤出头内熔化(步骤54)。 Subsequently, modified ABS material is melted in an extruder head (step 54). 如上所述，改性ABS 材料的丝状体采用驱动系统34送至液化器组件36。 As described above, filamentous modified ABS material fed to the liquefaction system 34 using the drive assembly 36. 所希望的是液化器组件36具有改性ABS材料热稳定所处的液化器峰值温度，并且该峰值温度降低改性ABS材料的触变阈值。 It is desirable to liquefy assembly 36 has a modified ABS material which thermally stable liquefier peak temperature and the peak temperature was lowered threshold thixotropic modified ABS material. 对液化器组件36来说，合适的液化器峰值温度的例子的范围为约280°C至约360°C，特别适合的温度范围为约300°C至约340°C，并且甚至更特别适合的温度范围为约300°C至约320°C。 Liquefied assembly 36, the range of suitable examples liquefier peak temperature of about 280 ° C to about 360 ° C, particularly suitable temperature range of about 300 ° C to about 340 ° C, and even more particularly suitable The temperature range of about 300 ° C to about 320 ° C.

随后，熔化的改性ABS材料从挤出头12挤出（步骤56)，并以逐层的方式沉积，以在构造腔10内构造三维物体(步骤58)。 Subsequently, the molten modified ABS material extruded from the extrusion head 12 (step 56), and is deposited layer by layer, to 10 within build chamber constructed three-dimensional object (step 58). 对构造腔10来说， 合适的环境温度的范围为约70°C至约105°C，特别合适的环境温度的范围为约80°C至约95°C。 To build chamber 10, suitable ambient temperature range of about 70 ° C to about 105 ° C, particularly suitable ambient temperature range of about 80 ° C to about 95 ° C. 合适的液化器峰值温度和合适的环境温度比通常用来挤出标准的ABS共聚物的相应的温度高。 Extrusion standard ABS copolymer suitable liquefier peak temperature and a suitable ambient temperature than those typically used in the appropriate temperature. 更高的温度有利于增加零件强度，并降低所产生的3D物体18的多孔性。 Higher temperatures help to increase the strength of the parts and reduce the resulting porous 3D object 18.

所产生的3D物体18具有增强的沉积精确度，其对改善美学品质是非常明显的，特别是在销钉结构22处。 The resulting 3D object 18 has enhanced deposition accuracy, improve its aesthetic quality is very clear, the pin structure 22, especially in. 因此，改性ABS材料有利于提供高分辨率的精细部件结构。 Therefore, the modified ABS material is conducive to high-resolution fine structure components. 在沉积之后，所希望的是三维物体中的改性ABS 材料基本上不会热降解。 After deposition, a desired three-dimensional object is modified ABS material is substantially not thermally degrade. 标准的ABS共聚物中的热降解通常表现为所沉积的材料中的褐色化条纹。 Standard ABS copolymer thermal degradation manifests itself in the deposited material browning streaks.

实施例 Example

在接下来的例子中本发明将被更详细地描述，这些实施例仅用于举例的目的，因为在本发明范围内的大量修改和变化对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。 The invention will be described in more detail in the following examples, these examples are for illustrative purposes only, since numerous modifications and variations within the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art is obvious. 实施例1-12和比较例AD的挤出行程的驱动压力被定量测量，以比较所产生的作为液化器峰值温度和挤出流率的函数的挤出形状。 1-12 and Comparative Example AD driving pressure extrusion stroke Example is a quantitative measure to compare the resulting as a liquefier peak temperature and flow rate as a function of extrusion extruded shapes. 每个挤出行程市售可获得的来自Stratasys, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN的具有商品标识"FDM TITAN"的熔融沉积建模系统上进行。 Progressive "FDM TITAN" fused deposition modeling system each extrusion stroke commercially available from Stratasys, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN have trademarks. 所附带的挤出头包括具有1.943毫米(0.0765英寸)至1.905毫米(0.075英寸）范围的液化器管内径、 77.343 +/- 0.254毫米(3.045 +/- 0.010英寸)的顶端总长度、以及0,762 +/-0.051毫米(0.030 +/- 0.002英寸)的内径颈部长度的"TITAN" TI构造顶端。 Attached to the extrusion head comprises a 1.943 mm (0.0765 inches) to 1.905 mm (0.075 inches) liquefier tube diameter, 77.343 +/- 0.254 mm (3.045 +/- 0.010 inches) of the top of the overall length, and 0,762 + /-0.051 mm (0.030 +/- 0.002 inches) inside diameter of the neck length "TITAN" TI structure top. 实施例1-12的挤出行程采用市售可获得的来自General Electric Co., Pittsfield， MA的具有商品标识"CYCOLAC" MG94-NA1000 ABS的改性ABS材料来进行。 Example 1-12 trip out using commercially available from General Electric Co., Pittsfield, MA has the commodity identification "CYCOLAC" MG94-NA1000 ABS modified ABS material to carry out. 比较例AD的挤出行程釆用市售可获得的来自Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI的具有商品标识"AG700 ABS，，的标准的ABS共聚物来进行。挤出行程以不同的温度和挤出速率进行，其中实施例1-4的挤出行程中的每一个都由0.254毫米(O.OIO英寸)的顶端末端平台内径进行，实施例5-8的挤出行程中的每一个都由0.305毫米(0.012英寸)的顶端末端平台内径进行，且实施例9-12和比较例AD的挤出行程中的每一个都由0.406毫米(0.016英寸)的顶端末端平台内径进行。表1列出了用于实施例1-12和比较例AD的构成材料、顶端直径和挤出速率。 Comparative Example AD extrusion stroke preclude the use of commercially available Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI has a commodity identification "AG700 ABS ,, standard ABS copolymer from to Extruded travel to different temperatures and extrusion rate, for example, extrusion stroke 1-4 each by 0.254 mm (O.OIO inch) to the top end of the platform was carried out wherein the inner diameter, the extrusion stroke of Example 5-8 by one every 0.305 mm (0.012 inches) inside diameter of the top end of the platform carried out stroke Examples 9-12 and Comparative Examples AD, each by 0.406 mm (0.016 inches) and an inner diameter of the top end of the platform was carried out. Table 1 lists the for 1-12 and Comparative Examples AD constituent material, the tip diameter and extrusion rate Example.

表1 Table 1

<table>table see original document page 11</column></row> <table>比较例A AG700 ABS 0.406 0.016 16.4 l，OOO <Table> table see original document page 11 </ column> </ row> <table> Comparative Example A AG700 ABS 0.406 0.016 16.4 l, OOO

比较例B AG700ABS 0.406 0.016 32.8 2,000 Comparative Example B AG700ABS 0.406 0.016 32.8 2,000

比较例c AG700 ABS 0.406 0.016 49.1 3,000 Comparative Example c AG700 ABS 0.406 0.016 49.1 3,000

比较例D AG700ABS 0.406 0.016 65.6 4,000 Comparative Example D AG700ABS 0.406 0.016 65.6 4,000

对于每个挤出行程，构造循环开始，以挤出指定的构成材料。 For each extrusion stroke, the cycle starts configured to specify the constituent material of the extrusion. 构成材 Constitute material

料以丝状体("TITAN"TI构造顶端的标准丝状体直径，如约1.796毫米（约0.0707英寸)的直径)的形式供给至挤出头，并由传送系统驱动至液化器。 Material with filaments ("TITAN" TI's standard filament structure top diameter, such as about 1.796 mm (about 0.0707 inches) in diameter) in the form supplied to the extrusion head, driven by a conveyor system liquefier. 液化器峰值温度保持在第一水平（如，240°C)，并且丝状体被驱动，直到获得稳态操作。 Liquefier peak temperature is maintained at a first level (e.g., 240 ° C), and the filaments are driven until a steady state operation. 随后，定量测量驱动电动机的功率需要值，且基于驱动电动机的功率需要值计算挤出构成材料所需要的相应的驱动压力。 Then, quantitative measurement of the power required value of the drive motor, and driven based on the corresponding driving pressure value calculation required motor power required for the constituent material of the extrusion. 随后，对于范围240°C至340°C内的各种不同的液化器峰值温度，重复该过程。 Then, for a variety of liquefier peak temperature range 240 ° C to 340 ° C within the process is repeated.

图4-7为表示根据实施例1-12和比较例AD的挤出行程的驱动压力与挤出速率之比的图表。 Figure 4-7 shows the driving pressure than in Example 12 and Comparative Example AD extrusion and extrusion rate of stroke according to the chart. 如同所预期的那样，比较图4-6显示出驱动压力随着压力液化器峰值温度的增加而下降，随着顶端直径的减小而下降，并随着挤出速率的增加而下降。 As might be expected, comparison of Figure 4-6 shows the drive pressure increases the pressure of the liquefier peak temperature decreases with decreasing tip diameter decreases, and with the increase of the extrusion rate decreases. 然而，比较实施例9-12的挤出行程(如图6 所示)和比较例AD的挤出行程(如图7所示)显示出，对于可比较条件，与标准ABS(AG700 ABS)相比，适合用于本发明的改性ABS材料(MG94-NA1000 ABS)可以以降低的驱动压力挤出。 However, Comparative Example 9-12 extrusion stroke (Figure 6) and Comparative Example AD extrusion stroke (Figure 7) shows that for comparable conditions, and standard ABS (AG700 ABS) phase may reduce the driving pressure extrusion ratio, modified ABS material suitable for the present invention (MG94-NA1000 ABS).

图8为表示在图6和7中提供的数据的可选图表，其表示280°C时比较例AD的挤出行程驱动压力与挤出速率之比，280。 8 is a graph showing an optional data provided in FIG. 6 and 7, which represent 280 ° C Comparative Example AD when the drive ratio of the extrusion stroke of the extrusion rate and pressure, 280. C时实施例9-12的挤出行程驱动压力与挤出速率之比，和300°C时实施例9-12的挤出行程的驱动压力与挤出速率之比。 Driving pressure extrusion stroke cases implemented 9-12 Example extrusion stroke when the driving pressure and the extrusion rate ratio of 9-12, and 300 ° C C with the extrusion rate ratio. 比较例AD的标准的ABS共聚物在约290。 Comparative Example AD standard ABS copolymer at about 290. C以上的温度时不是热稳定的。 When C above the temperature is not heat stable. 因此，没有比较300°C时比较例AD的挤出行程。 Therefore, there is no comparison when comparing 300 ° C extrusion stroke patients with AD.

如图8所示，280°C和300°C时的实施例9-12的挤出行程以比从2S0。 8, 280 ° C and 300 ° C in Example 9-12 when the extrusion stroke than from 2S0. C时比较例AD的挤出行程获得的驱动压力低的驱动压力进行。 Driving pressure low driving pressure extrusion stroke C Comparative Example AD was obtained. 此外， 挤出行程的指数衰退线外推至零流率(即，与y轴相交)，对于每个挤出行程用虚线示出。 In addition, the extrusion lines stroke exponential decay extrapolated to zero flow rate (i.e., the intersection with the y-axis), for each extrusion stroke is shown by a dotted line. Y轴交叉点的驱动压力对应于相应液化器峰值温度的构成材料的触变阈值。 Thixotropic Y-axis driving pressure threshold crossing point corresponding to the respective peak temperatures of the liquefier constituent material. 同样，在适合于挤出用于比较例AD的标准的ABS共聚物的280°C的液化器峰值温度，标准的ABS共聚物具有约6.8兆帕(约980psi)的触变阈值。 Similarly, suitable for extrusion used to compare patients with AD standard ABS copolymer liquefier 280 ° C peak temperature, standard ABS copolymer has about 6.8 MPa (about 980psi) thixotropic threshold. 相比之下，用于实施例9-12的改性ABS材料在280°C 的液化器峰值温度时具有约3.9兆帕(约560psi)的触变阈值。 In contrast, for the implementation of the modified ABS material of Example 9-12 of about 3.9 MPa (about 560psi) thixotropic threshold value when the liquefier peak temperature of 280 ° C. 而且，对于300。 Furthermore, for 300. C的液化器峰值温度(该温度为挤出用于实施例9-12的改性ABS材料所希望的温度)，改性ABS材料具有约3.0兆帕(约430psi)的触变阈值。 C of the liquefier peak temperature (the temperature of the extrusion material ABS modified embodiment for carrying out a desired temperature of 9-12), modified ABS material having about 3.0 MPa (approximately 430psi) thixotropic threshold.

因此，与标准ABS共聚物相比，改性ABS材料流动特性接近牛顿性流动（Newtonian flow)。 Thus, compared to standard ABS copolymer, modified ABS material flow characteristics approaching Newtonian flow (Newtonian flow). 表现出牛顿性流动的材料将展现出线性挤出行程形状，并与y轴在零驱动压力处交叉(即，没有触变阈值)。 Exhibit Newtonian flow material will exhibit a linear shape extrusion stroke and the y-axis intersect at the zero driving pressure (ie, no thixotropic threshold). 由于几个因素， 如液化器中的润湿环形室（wetting doughnuts)更接近构造顶端、构成材料在液化器中更长时间内为固态、以及剪切层被推动为更靠近液化器壁， 使得图8所示的挤出行程形状表现出指数趋向。 Due to several factors, such as liquefied wetting reactor annular chamber (wetting doughnuts) is closer to the top structure, the material constituting the liquefier longer period in a solid state, and the shear layer are pushed closer to the wall of the liquefier, so that Figure 8 shows the performance of the extrusion stroke shape of an exponential trend.

从定量上说，在280°C的液化器峰值温度，改性ABS材料具有小于标准的ABS共聚物的触变阈值的约60%的触变阈值。 Quantitatively speaking, in about 60% of thixotropic threshold of 280 ° C peak temperature liquefier, modified ABS material with less than standard ABS copolymer thixotropic threshold. 此外，当比较适合于挤出材料的温度时(即，标准的ABS共聚物的280。C，以及改性ABS材料的300°C)，改性ABS材料具有小于标准的ABS共聚物的触变阈值的约50%的触变阈值。 Further, when the temperature is more suitable to the extruded material (i.e., 280.C standard ABS copolymer, and modified ABS material 300 ° C), modified ABS materials having thixotropic less than standard ABS copolymer about 50% of thixotropic threshold threshold. 同样，与改性ABS材料相比，挤出头将需要产生大于两倍的静态驱动压力来启动标准的ABS共聚物的挤出流动。 Also, compared with the modified ABS material, the extrusion head will need to produce more than twice the static pressure of the drive to start flowing out of the standard ABS copolymer. 因此，在上述操作条件下采用改性ABS材料改善了挤出工艺的响应时间，由此增强了构造3D物体时的沉积精确度。 Thus, under the above operating conditions using the modified ABS material extrusion process improves response time, thereby enhancing the sedimentary structures of 3D objects when accuracy.

虽然已经参照较佳实施例描述了本发明，本领域技术人员将会认识到，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下，可以在形式和细节方面进行各种修改。 Although described with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention is the premise that various modifications in form and detail.