US1095506A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

W. J. A. LONDON.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 11211.13, 1906. RENEWED 001230, 1912.

1,095,506, v Patented May 5,1914;

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W. J. A. LONDON.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED APB.13, 190s RENEWED OCT. 30, 1912 1,095,506. Patented May 5, 1914.

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WITNESSES:

)ATTORNEY W. J. A. LONDON.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED APR. 13, 1906. RENEWED 001. so. 1912.

1,095,506. j Patented May 5, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

0 03.9 l-O Q m WITNESSES q INVENTOR v L I fANTNRNEY a plurality of independent turbines, each primary turbine 'to which motive fluid-is Y trated in t-hedraw iugs accompanyingthis up 20. an initial stage or section to which motivefractionally, expand, in successive steps, the

0 sectiomis mounted on the turbine sha with the load demand.

UNITED STATES PATENT l f JAMES ALBERT LONDO PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATI ELASTTq-FLUEl'D TURBINE.

dlpplication filed A ril 1831906. Serial No. 311,482.

I 7 '0 all w/wmjt may concern Be itjknowh that I. WILLIAM JAMES Anaan'r Ibon'iiox, a subjectof the King of England, residing at 'Ilrafi'ord Park, Manchester, 5 llngland, have made a new and useful Intendon in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which a the following is a specification,

v .This invention relates to elastic fluid tur bines. t 2 i 1 The inventionQbroadl-y, consists of combining with aprimary or initial turbine a of which is adapted to be connected in series with and recelve'motive fluid from the supplied in automatically regu-lable amounts. The embodiment of 'my invention as illusplication cont-prises a turbine provided with fluid is supplied through governor-controlled nozzles. and a plurality of secondary stages, or sections, each of which communicates with the initial section and is adapted 10 inot ive fluid delivered from the initialsection and to abstract the available energy due to the said expansion by impulse and 'reac tion. The rotoreleme'nt'oif each site e, or and ON OF PENNSYLVANIA Kjieciflcation of Letters Patent.

the line formed in a. number of,

8 and 9 commun caslng 10.

mounted on the shaft vanes 21 is mounted onthec'a discharged one I g F MANCHESTER, ENGLAND, Assxenomnimssma ASSIGNMENTS, 'ro THE COLONIAL TRUST CDMPANY, TRUSTE .93 .fi' f i lii Patented May til- 1914. v

Renewed omber a0, 1912.f"s iai"n6 25,7

cat-ion and forming a part thereof is a partial longi'tud embodying my inve tial side elevati Fig; 1.

"Fig-u inal section of .a tu rbi'ne ntion. v, Fig. 2 {jara on of 'theftu rbinefshowniin Fig. 3 is a transverse section along The turbine consists of and secondary stages 6,17 within a stationary ,ca's

a .ii itiitl' stag it 8,'.-. -d' 9. fi clo d W Q QIQ V. nu Se ti s The rotor element offleach Stage" is rigidly mounted on a shaft 11v a whichf is joiirnajled outside of the casing 10. The initial I receives motive fluid from a tqup ct governorAcont-rolled nozzlesjl2g, and communi- (ates with afrec'eiving' chamber '13. The secondary stage 6 com unicates directly with the receiving chamber, TBjandtheisa icate"therewithfthrough d 16, formed 1 w the I H i 75 passages 14, 15 an The initial stage compriseslta'f wheel 18,

ll a'nd provided with a two rows of peripherally-mounted *iinpiilse" blades 19.- A row of stationaiiiy jdi'recting n lt j l e moving b d m t eflu'i l blades. and demanner to the mediate o'f the two rows, 19 and is adapted to receiv liver itin the most efiicie'nt an automatic valve is provided between the othe r Th otive fl id jgu piyn zzlts 5 initial stage and the secondary stages which 12" are "arranged at one' end; of the lturbine "v ri h number of Secondary g t and, supply=niotive-fluid' to theinitial'stage communication therewith in accordance with 5 dm; m ng dem mn' rtj pQi'tw f the load deman the pressurejenergy (mate motive fluid" into The object of this invention is the roduckineti n rgy iri'the' form velocity? bv 96 tlon of a turbineihat-will operatee' ciently xpanding the fluid from'fthe' 'initiallfij E's:- under a wide range of loads, and in which sureto a predeterminedfloiver iire'ssiire, and I automatic means are utilized for proportionthe impulse blades 19 are'adapted to convert ing the motive fluid supply in accordance thefluid velocity into available' energv. The

A fu'rtherl object is the production of a turbine iniw'hi t-h the number of working stagesare varied in accordance with the'load demand. v :1; l:. 11 1- A ,still. fl u'th er object is thepi'odiiction of a. turbine in which means are utilizedfor in- 1 (Teasing the efi'ective wonking passages vin t accordanceywith the amount .of motiyejfluid supplied. ,f fl heseand otherobjects I attain in a turbine embodying the features herein de jseribed and illustrated. I f j I I i-thedrawings accompanying this appliwith the casing 10;"

shaft 11 and a p'ortQ-"t is maintained aroii'nd motive fiuid discharged from""theihinitial stage enters the receiving chamber liig wh'ich a is I formed within the fci'sl ng" between the initial 'Sta geifand an f'i secondary stage 6'.

ease-11 th ,Th -ls a e'filece' a h ii vthie sitages 7 118; m1;9 t mpr1se; a. f v v le--100 ment QQQi-igidly mo untedo the if 11 stage casing {extends inwardly "toivardffthe and" inc-losed 'vvithhi ca v ,4 the i :shaft; and between; it and the inner perip'hery of the wall. A packing25 which consists of interleaving groo veshnd formed on the shaft and stationary casing, seals the'joint between the shaft and a Wall 26 of the stage casing.

Each rotor 22 is provided on both sides with rows of suitably mounted radially-arranged blades 27 interleaving with annular rows of stationary directing vanes 28, suitably mounted on the walls 23 and 26 ot' the casing. The alternate rows of blades and vanes receive motive fluid from the port 24 and communication is provided between each side of therotor by a series of openings 29 arranged at thebase of the rotor --adjacent to the shaft of. the turbine. The port 24 of the secondary stage 6 communicates directly with the receiving chamber 13, while each port-of the stages 7 8 and 9 communicate with an annular chamber 31, iorined between the rear wall 26 of one stage casing and the forward wall 23 of an adjacent-stage. Each stage 6, 7, 8 and 9v communicates with 'a common exhaust passage 32, which isformed Within the casing 10, and communicates with the exhaust port not shown).

The chamber 31 of the respective stages 7 8 and9 connnunicates with a valve chamber 33 through the corresponding passages 14, 15 and 16.. The valve chamber 33 communicates with the receiving chamber 13 and is provided with a piston valve 34, which is actuated by a governor 35, with which the turbine is provided. Ports 36, 37 and '30 are arranged in the piston valve 34 and are adapted to communicate with the respective passages 14, 15 and 16 for certain positions of the piston valve and to admit motive fluidfrom the receiving chamber 13 to the corresponding stage. The piston yalve is adapted to open the passages 14, 'If wand 16 successively and to admit moti've fluid to the secondary stages in accordance with the load demand of the turbine.

The nozzles 12' are divided into groups 38, 39, LO and 41 of a suitable number each and each group is inclosed within a chamber 43, which communicates with a motive fluid supply passage 44 through a port 45. The motive fluid supply passage 44 communicates with a motive fluid inlet port 50, formed in the casing 10. A valve mechanism 46, adapted to regulate the flow of motive fluid through the port 45, comprises a valve'disk 47, mounted on a valve stem 48, which is connected to a differential piston 49 of the valve-operating mechanism. The piston 49 is located in the cylinder 51, which is bored to two diameters to correspond to the difierent diameters of the piston 49. A restricted port 52 extends through the piston 49 and admits motive fluidv to a chamber 53 above the pistoih' and the lower and smaller face of the piston is exposed' to the flu d pressure of the supply passage 44. An

annular chamber 54 is formed in the casing of the cylinder 51. adjacent to the ring formed by thediflerent diameters of the differential piston 49 and communicates with the atmosphere .through a. port 55. Under such conditions the. disk 47 ,is' normally held to its seat on the walls of the port ber which acts above the piston 49 in opposition to the fluid pgessure of the pas: sage 44 on the lower face of the piston. T he top portion 'of the chamber 53 communicates with a cylinder 56 of a govern0rcontrolled relay device through a tube 58. The cylinder 56 communicates with the exhaust passage 32 through a pipe or passage 59 and is provided with a governor-operated piston 61, which is adapted to open and close ports 62, 63, 64 and 65 to the exhaust pipe 59, The valve chamber 53 of the valveoperating mechanism of'each of the groups 38, 39, 40 and 41 respectively communicate with the ports 62, 63, 64 and 65 through the separate tubes or passages 58. The piston' 61 is provided with a piston rod 66. which extends through a suitable gland in the end wall of the cylinder 56 and connects with a lever 67, which is fulcrlu'ned at 68 on 45 by the fluid pressure in the chamthe casing 10 of the turbine and which is attached to a governor-actuated sleeve on the governor standard.- A link'69 is attached to the lever-67 at 71 and to a lever 72, fulcrumed on a rod 73. which is journaled in suitable brackets formed integrally with the casing 10. A lever 74 is rigidly mounted, on the rod 73 and operates the piston valve 34 through a valve stem 75. i

The governor the controlling valves of the nozzle groups 38. 39. 40 and 41 and the piston valve 34 are so arranged that the number of nozile groups efl'ectit'e in delivering motive fluid to the turbine and the number of secondary stages communicating with the receiving chamber 13 of the turbine is varied in accordance with the load demand or the speed of the turbine.

During the normal operation of the turbine. the nozzle-controlling relay device i so arranged that the fiort 62. which extends through the casing of the cylinder 5a; and which conin'iunicates with the chamber 53 oi the valve-cmitrolling mechanism of the groups 39 is opened to the exhaust. The port 52. through which steam is admitted to the chamber 53 from the fluid supply passage 44. is of sucn size, relative to the exhaust port 62. that the flow of motive fluid througl'i the chamber will be unrestricted and the pressure will consequently drop and permit the valve disk 47 to be raised bythv fluid )ressure on the under side of the 'nston 49. thereby admitting stean'i to the turbine through the nozzles of the group '38.

As the load increases and the speed of the turbine decreases, the governor 3:? will move the piston 61 to such a position that the ary'stage 7' when the nozzles all) expanded throughout a termite rowsnt moving blades and station- 'Jort 63 will also onnntmi atc with the exaust and the controlling mechanism of thc nozzlesofthe group 3!) will raise the valve disk 47 and inlniit'ii'ioti\'e fluid to the turbine through the nozzles of the group 3!). The iston valve 34 and its operating links and eversare so arranged that the passage 14 Willcoinmunicate with the recci 'ing chamber 13 an'dadmit motive fluid to the secondof the group 39 are admitting-motive fluid to the turbine As the turbine continues to decrease in speed, the nozzle groups 40 and 41 are successively openedtothe motive fluid supply passage'44- and the ports 37 and 30 of the piston valve 34' successively open the passa'ges 15 and; respectively and admit motive fluid from the receiving chamber 1:, to the corresponding secondary stages. Finally at a predetermined reduction in spe d of the'turbineg all the nozzles are open and slfpplying motive fluid to theturbine and all the secondary stages are in communication with the receiving chamber and operating under full pressure.

The ports 24 of the secondary stages a re ofsuch a size that each will effectively convey tbefcnp'anded motive fluid admitted to the turb inc'by one group of nozzles and since an ad'di'tiimal stage is rendered effective as a as each group l have-a widerange of cilicient irl'lach"sc ornlary stage is dircctlv it! the sl' aust passage sii'htautially no resistance l the rotorvelemcntwill A number .epa-ratc valves, either directly operatedbv'thegovernor or an auxiliary rclay dcvice. may be SllhStltlltBtl for the piston valvc I-Ktamlvarious methods may be "utilized tor controlling the valves of the separate nozzle groups and. while I have illustrugml'my invention as en'ibodied in a turl'iinentil izing' an impulse section as an initial stagd and a plurality of secondary stage. inwhich-the motive fluid is fractionary van es.:l wish it to be specifically understood that I do not. limit myself to the arrangement'shownand described and that any type, or an y combination of lypes.- may be ntilized'a'ndstill' fall within the spirit and scopeof my invention. I What I. 'clainias new and useful and sire to secure by Letters Patent is: 1. In an elastic fluid turbine, an initial stage, a plnrality 'of secondary stages and speed responsive means for varying thenumber of secondarystagcs comn'iunicating with said initial stage. 2. In an elastmfiuxd turbine, an initial stage, a plurality of secondary stages m ance with the load demand.

2-12 and will,

Sltlg", 2i governor number oi alpressure turbines effective as "1(). .In an elast c fluid tnrb ne, an.1n1t1al combination therewith, means for varying the motive fluid supplied to said initial stage and for varying the numberof secondary stages communicating therewith in 'accord- 3. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combinalion of a plurality of governor-controlled supply nozzles, an initial stage communicating therewith, a plurality of secondary stagesand governor-controlled means for putting said secondary stages into communication. with said initial stage. n

4. In an elastic fluid turbine,- an initial stage, a. phu'ality of secondary stages, a plurality of valves admitting motivc fiuid to saidinitial stage, governor controlled means for successively operating said valves and means, operating siml'iltaneously with said valves, for successively opening communication between said initial stage and said sccimdary stages.

ln coml'iination with a high-pressure turbine element. a lmv-pressnrc turliine-elelnent. receiving fluid exhausted from said high-pressure turbine element, and speed responsive means for lrv-passing a portion oi said fluid around said lo\\-'-prcssure turbine element.

6. In combination with.a high-pressure turbine element, a lowressure turbine element receiving motive aid from said highprcssurc turbine element. a second low-pressure turbine element and speed responsive means for Irv-passing exhaust fluid from said high-pressure turbine element around "the first of said low-prcssure turbine elements to said second lm -prcssure turbine element.

7. In combination in a turbine, an initial stage, a plurality of sccondarystages and governor controlled means for varying the number of secondarystages ciiecti ve as work-, ing agents.

h. In combination in a turbine, an initial stage, a plurality of secomlary stages, aplu ralitv of admission valves for said initial controlling n'iechanisrn for controlling the operation of said valves and governor controlled means for rendering one or more of said secondary stages effective as working agents of said turbine.

9. u an organized apparatus, a high pressure turbine. a plurality of low pressure turbines operating on a common shaft, :1 common exhaust for said low pressure turbines and means, dependent on the load on said-. apparatus, for varying the numberoflow working agents.

stage., a plurality of secondarj stages receiving motive fluid therefrom, means for controllingthc delivery of fluid :to said secondary stages and means whereby, when the inletto one of. said stages closed, the-rotor element of said stage is caused toxoperate in; asvacuum.

11. In combination in an. elastic fluid turbine, an initial stage, a plurality of secondary stages communicating therewith, independentainletports for said secondary sta es, means, dependent on the s eed of said v.tur ine, for Lcontrolling the a mission of fluidto said inlet-portsand means whereby,

when the inlet to one of said secondary stages is closed, said stageis subjected to vacuum pressure.

12. In combination with a source of exhaust steamvsupply, a plurality of turbines adapted to operate in parallel relation on steam from said supply, and a governing device forautomatically controlling the supply of steam to said turbines.

13. In combination with a high pressure turbine, a plurality of low pressure turbines receivin motive 'fluid therefrom and rovided with a common shaft and a speed responsive means for controlling the delivery and means for automatically. distributing the exhaust from said high pressure turbine element to one or more of said elements opcrating in parallel.

16. In combination with a high pressure" turbine element, two or more low pressure turbine elements having a common exhaust,

and speed responsive means for distributing the exhaust motive fluid from said high pressure turbine element to saidlow pressure turbine elements so that one or more may operate in series with said high pressure element and two or more in parallel one with the other.

17. In combination with a high pressure turbine element, a plurality of low pressure turbine elements, and speed responsive means for causing said low pressure turbme elements to operate in series with said high pressure turbine element and in parallel one with theother.

18. In combination in a multi-stageturbine, a plurality of stages operated in par allel, independent inlets and a common exhaust for the stages and means, dependent onthe load on the turbine, for controlling the delivery of motive fluid to said stages.

' 19. In a multi-stage elastic fluid turbine, a lurality of stages operating in parallel, in ependent inlets and a common exhaust for the stages and means, dependent on the and exhaust mosses load on the turbine, for automatically rendering one orm'o're of said stages efl'ective as a power delivering element of the tub bine.

20. In combination in a multi-stage turbine, a plurality of stages, the rotor elements of which are mounted on a common shaft, independent inlets and a common exhaust for the stages and means for varying the number of stages eflt'ective as working elements of the turbine. I ,f

21. In combination with a fluid ..irnpelled motor, a plurality of turbine elements "receiving motive fluid therefrom and provided with a common exhaust and means, dependent on the load, for controlling the delivery offluid to said motor and to said turbine elements. 4

22. In combination with'a fluid impelledengine, a plurality of turbine elements adapted to receive motive fluid therefrom and speed responsive means for. rendering one or more of said elements effective as power delivering agents.

23. In combination with a fluid impelled engine, a plurality of turbine elements receiving motive fluid therefrom and operat ing in parallel and means, dependent on the load, for rendering one or more of said turbine elements efl'ective as power delivering agents and for imposing the governing function upon one of said elements.

24. In combination with a fluid impelled engine, a plurality of turbine elements receiving motive fluid therefrom, a common exhaust and independent admission ports for said elements and means, dependent on the load, for delivering motive fluid. to one or more of said elements and imposing the governing function upon one of said elements. Y

25. In combination with a fluid impelled engine, a plurality of turbine. elements receiving motive fluidthcrefrom and speed responsive means ,for controlling the delivery of motive fluid to said engine andfor proportioning the moti've fluid to said ele- V 4 ments.

26. In combination with a high pressure turbine element provided "with a governing device, of a plurality of low pressure turbine elements adapted to operate in parallel one with the other, and in series with said high pressure element, anda governing device for distributing the exhaust motive fluid from said high pressure element to said low pressure elements.

27. In combination with a high-pressure turbine element, two low pressure turbine elements, conduit means for delivering exhaust motive fluid from said high-pressure element around oneofsaid low-pressure elements and to the other of said low-pressure elements, and speed "responsive means for controlhng said conduit means.

28. In combination with a. hlgh'PI'QSSHI'G turbine element, two or more low-pressure turbine elements, conduit means for leading the exhaust from said high-pressure element to said low-pressure elements, valve mechanism for controlling said conduit means, and a speed responsive device for governing said mechanism.

29. In combination 'ii'vith a source of exhaust steam supply, a plurality of turbines adapted to operate in parallel relation on steam from said supply, and a governing device for automatically distributing the steam I to said turbines.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto 15 subscribed my name this 28th of March, 1906.

ATHoL WILFRID CLARKE, WVILLIAM HERBERT WALLIs.

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