US1214922A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

l w. s. HOWARD. INTERNAL COMBUSIION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-23.19Il.

Iatn ted Feb. 6, 1917.

SHEETS-SHEET l.`

INVETOR.'

I WT/VESSES um 'mannen w. HOWARD.

INTERNAL CGMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPucATIoN mnu 02h23. 191|.

7. l. l 1 4 mm. m m W. au u ,m a N om M 5 Y F M 55W? W Uiviriiln sTA'ifiismrTENi-i OFFICE.

vWIU'JLLAIK S. HOWARD, OF BELLEVILLE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR, BT MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TQ RUSSELL M. EVERETT, 0F BLOOMFIELD, NEW QERSEY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGIN E.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patent( d Feb. 6, 1917.

Application filed December 23, 1911. Serial No. 667,435.

' positive, and yet at the saine time simple in construction and operation. AMore particu lai'ly the objects of the invention are to obtain. a port opening of maximum capacity; to positively close said port opening when desired; to quickly open orclose said poi-t open, to provide for this pui-'pose a port opening extending substantially the length ot' travel of the piston; to open oi' close such a portgby the piston and other means acting in conjunction herewith; to employ it'or said other means .ai rotary valve, and more partieiilarly a sleeve valve; lto make the operiing or, closing of the port depend on the movement of the ['iietoii more than upon iiioveinei'it of the sleeve, and thus take ad vantage of the rapidity of movement oi. the

piston; toohtain an especially large port opening at the-end of the intake and `at the lloegijinning of the exhaust, so as to completely fill the cylinder and to quickly` discharge its contents after explosion; to provide tor this purpose a lateral extension oi. the port opci'i.- v

ing; to secure an improved ili'ive for the sleeve valve, and to obtain othler advantages and ,results as may be brought out `in the following description. i

Referring to the' accoinpaiiying dra wings, in which like nun'ierals olf reference indicate the same paits throughout the several figures,

Figure 1 is a central sectional view of the cylinder of an engine embodying my invcntion;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on line A -A of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is ii section similar to Fig. 1, of

the cylinder oi' an engine i lustra ting a modified or split sleeve;

Fig. i is a developmeit of the interior of the cylinder, showing the inlet and exhaust ports;

Fig. 5 is a similar de relopment of the sleeve, showing its port; i

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the cylinder portion of an engine of iiy improved construction, with the crank fasc broken away to show means for i:lii.vii'i; or rotating the sleeve, and Fig. '7 is a da; (raniiiiatic section illustrating a group of foir cylinders having their sleeve gears :in se ries.

` In the specific embodiment of the invcni tion shown in said drawi gs, and .referring especially to Figs. 1 and .3, l indicates the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, mounted upon the craiikiase 2 and having within itseliE .fi piston 3 cc anected by a rod 4 to the'craiik 5 of the sha tt 6. Said-cylinder is water-jacketed in iny suitable and well-kiiown inanncnas at 7, and provided at its top with a suitable opening 8 for the spark plug, not shown, u hile in the sides ofthe cylinder are inlet and exhaust poi-ts 9 and 10, respectively, eloigated lengthwise oi" the cylinder as will he hereinafter more fully described. i

Between the piston il ani the cylinder l is ii cylindricalv sleeve .ll wl ich" extends past the cylinder ports 9 and 10 longitudii'iallyk of the cylinder, and at its llover end is pi'ovided with means for rotating it continuously in one direction. lIr the specil'ic foi-in shown in Fig. 1,-, said sleevi l1 ssupported 'at the lower part of the ej linder l between upper and lower hall bea rings 12 and 13 and has an outer periphera` gear ll adapted to lie'diivcn hy an intcrmcsliing pinion shownior purposes of iliisl'i-ation noi' tof any other particular form lit is necessary only that the sleeve be rotated, ciiii'itiiiuiiiisly in one direction, and preferably without longitudinal movement.

speed of the piston is much greaterl than vthe rotary speed of the sleeve can be, 'and as al openin In said sleeve is a port .16 which by the rotation of the sleeve is passed alternately over the inlet and exhaust ports 9 and 10 of the cylinder, said passing bearing a definite relation to the movementof the piston,

so that the opening of both intake and exhaust depends not alone upon therotation of the sleeve, but also upon the movement of the piston. The advantage of this is apparent when it is remembered that the matter of fact by thus taking' advantage of the movement of the piston 1n opening the intake and exhaust'much larger openings are obtainablethan in any other way. T e

of the .intake and exhaust 1s illusvtrated y Figs. 4 and 5 of the. drawings,

Where the horizontal dotted lines indicate divisions of movement of the piston and the vertical vdotted lines indicate divisions o movement of the sleeve, both said divisions being made in the same When' the forward edge 1 of the sleeve port 16 isv in coincidence with the rear edge of the cylinder inlet 9, the piston is at the top of its stroke and everything is closed. As the piston'movesl down one division,rthe orwardedge 17 vof the sleeve port advances one division and a portion of the inlet port 9 vbounded by the lines 18, 18 is thus opened;

` division an',enlargediigntake.opening so a;- o

' edge 19 ofv the be noted thatv eighth line,

as the piston movesdown one more line and the edge 17 advances another divlslon, the

intake is increased accordingly, and,th1 s' continues until when the piston `top has reached the fifth 'horizontal line from the top, the sleeveport 16 registers withthe cylinder inlet port 9 and all 'above the piston is open, the plston itself blocking the rest. As the piston continues downward, the rear sleevevalve4 begins to pass over the cylinder inletport, so that when the' piston is 'down to the sixth line the inlet- `ox'ton above said sixth, line, andl to the rig iston' reaches the lmilrlame Port I; :right hand. I 97' Vertical. line 21. N92-fwv'v4.- t v rde: .tonfiob in during the downil the piston through the jValeo during its-v up- 'h the last or bottom to receive; the greatestv possible amount' gaseous-fuel, :1' gvide 1n the s leevean extension 2 2V oftg''f' 0 c ward of the 'rearedge 19thereof, and 1t will thel' piston reaches the Si. upper half betweelt the vertical dotted llnes 23 and 24, withan" extension 25 of the cylinder inlet 9. This gives thatmuch more in`v take in addition thelportionvof the eriod of time.

or the ninth horizontal line in Fig. 4, the

downward' both the exhaust 10 and the exlines 32 {ijnd down', t 'the ninth line,\the exhaust is open hand the ver.

en for its portion-above 'said-line and 'after the piston gets half-way up, the sleeve port-5,16. extending rear-V extension opens for. itsA 'that the exhaust is wholly closed by. coinciport which is to the right `hand of thev vertical line 23. lVhen the piston reaches the ninth horizontal line, or bottom of its stroke,

sleeve port is then in the first dotted posi-` tion shown in Fig. 5, reading from the left. A's the piston starts upwardl again, the cylinder inlet 9 closes as'the piston reaches the eighth horizontal line, by the rear ed e 19 of thev sleeve port 16 having reached tlgie fonward edge 28 of the cylinder inlet 9, and very quickly thereafter the piston closes the extension 22.

This upstroke of the piston compresses the charge which has been taken in, as usual, and when at the top'of its movement again, the sleeve port 16 has moved into the second dotted position shown in Fig. 5.

Explosion then takes place and the piston makes its .downw.ard stroke, and as said piston approaches the limit of its down-stroke lower part of the port 16 in the-sleeve registers with an extension 29 of the exhaust port 10,. so that a considerable exhaust area is opened very quickly. When the coincides with the rear edge 30 of the exhaustI port 10, and as the piston moves on tension 29 oen. When the piston is down to the eight line, the exhaust 10 isgopen to the vertical Aline 31 and the extensin 29 is open for its upper half from the forward' end of th sleeve extension 22 to the rear end of t cylinder'exhaust tension 29, or approximately between the vertical dotted When the piston is clear to the v rtical line 3 4, and the extensions 22 iston is at the seventh` horizontal line in Fig. 4', the. forward edge 17 of the port 16 in the sleeve vas and 2 9 register 'between the vertical dotted lines 33 and. 31,",` approximately. As the pistonstarts up on its exhaust stroke, it closes the sleeve extension 22 between the 8th Y and 7th lines, but the cylinder exhaust 10' is uncovered'more and more by rotation o the sleeve and a large opening is available for the gases to escape. Of course port 16 begins to pass out of registration with the cy the piston is clear up, to the position where it was .at the beginningof our description,

I mder port'lO, and the available exhaust opening decreases, but it is not until not only the burnt or empties the cylinl'er space behind `thei piston as rapidly as the piston"moves,1:and

drawings, just referred to, that 'the port openings of both the cylinder' and rotary' a sition, outward substantially to the point vreached by the inner end1 of the piston on its outward or forward stroke. .This enables ases to escape laterally and directly, but ao the fresh charge to enter in the same manner. I believe it to be broadly; new to `obtain such a port opening, extended approximately the full length of movement ofthe piston, and I wish to be understood as :claiming the same in the broadest sense possible. Especially as to the exhaust such a port opening is of the greatest importance, because it'ifaifords a quick escape for the hot compressed gases and allows the same to escape from the cylinder instantly. Furthermore, thisfquick escape of, the gases from the cylinder takes place from the lower as well as from the upper portion of the cylinder and does not cause the gases tolpass upward-'from the piston, and thence outward through ai port in the upper portionof the cylinder, as has hitlieijto vbeen necessary. Also the gases' by their instant and free escape from the cylinder i arequickly reduced to atmospheric pressure, and hence produce a very sllglit, if any, back pressure on the piston and have a minimum i heating etifect during the exhaust.

My improved port opening is rendered progressively available or progressively un- Aavailable by the piston as the latter moves forward and backward respectively, that is, the port opening becomes increasingly available as the piston movesforward 'or outward, on. the intake and explosion strokes, and becornes'decreasingly available on the backward or inward scavenger strokes inthe process ot closing the exhaust and opening vthe inlet. By this means when the piston is lnearilie outeror forward endof the cylinl airatedbypi` dividing strip as shown, or 1t ywould ovrlap both he cylinder inlet and der, on the intake' and` eiplos'ion strokes, lea ring a large cylinder space to be Filled or emptied, as 'the case maybe, the port opening available in that position of thepiston is corrcspoi'idiugly.increasedr -and this effect is augu'iented bvifthe` later-itl extensionesof theiports which hav "ifi y1 improved poi Illing extending substantially'itbe len'gth'of ,piston travel "fills fnrtlierniore the isos enter orf leave' the Vcylinder transversely of the saine beliiindthe piston and donotf-have to detiekgt o'r bend asa-hen the inlet yand 'exliaustliorts are near the inner end of the cylinder. Espeready describedl cially upon the inta-ke through my improved port means the charg e does not have to enter at the Vrear or inner vind of the cylinder and follow up the pistor as the latter advances outward, which tenils to retard. admission and is a fre( uent caise of incomplete charging and vine cient artion of the engine, `but by my improved port opening the charge enters transversely into the cylinder directly behind the pistonfwlierever it is,`and so there can be no failure to completely fill the cylinder.` y U I desire it to be understood that I do n limit myself to thi: particular ,shapey' either sleeve port or cylinder inlet anrde/xhaast port-s, which i have shown, nor indeed to any particu] ir shape. Thefparticular forni of ports w] lich 1 havefshown and described for purpcses of illustration 'are believedto be well adaptedtothe purpose,

' but there is no doult that other shapes ,of

port by a narrow bridgel or strip of they,

metalwhich provides an unbroken portion yof the surface of the member in which said port is formed. LTie bridge or strip is` thought tobe desirable for the purpose-of preventing the catch: ng of piston ringsa'nd the like, and indeed it may befound necesi sary to have otherbridges or strips-lying across the ports so :is to not inakefsuch a large break in the :ontact surface of the ,member in which the port is formed. Such strips or divisions of the ports do not'aifect the broad idea of tiey invention, however, and theoretically eacl port might be a `single aperture or opening. Even with the; particular forms of porns shown in the drawings it would be all rght to make the cylin` der ports include tleir extensions in one opening, but it will lle noted that theforni of the sleeve poi-t wo dd have to b'e changed somewhat if the extension 22 were not sepexhaust at the sametine.. b, From this it` will be seen that soineadvi-intage canbe obtained ingetting the maximum intake and4 exhaust llt) bydividing the sleeve portY into sections` by` the connecting strips referred to. i,

Wherever I have used the Word register herein, it is to be und erstood in the sense of cooperate, `coact or oferlie,` as it is robvious from the ports Whicl I have shown in the drawings that regist l:Iition in the sense of exact coincidence of a l edges simultaneous] y is not meant and wol ld be of no purpose.

The sleeve 11 may` be prmided with packing rings in any suita ble manner to make it` itself, as shown in Fig. 3, similar to the splittight, but I preferto split the entire sleeve ting of a piston ring, and thus make the sleeve its own packing ring. As shown in said Fig. 3, the sleeve is preferably split upon an irregular line so as to provide tongues 36 and 37 interlocking with each other, and the ends of said tongues are of course beveled to overlap onto correspondingly beveled surfaces of the niaiiiportioii 'of the sleeve, as is common in piston rings.

When the sleeve is split, it is provided witli a separate cylindrical driving portion 38, as shown in said Fig. 3, located below that part of the cylinder which becomes most heated, although not so low that its joint with the split sleeve will ever be exposed by the cylinder. Said joint is by abutting ends of the sleeve and said cylindrical driving portion, one having recesses 39 adapted to receive l projections 40 upon the other, said projections being loose in ,said recesses, circumerentially. Obviously, the rear walls of the recesses will engage said projections and turn the sleeve continuously without lost motion, while at the same time looseness'of the projections in the recesses circumferentially allows" for -contraction or expansion of the sleeve, and thus'prevents seizing. In this construction some means must be provided for holding the sleeve against longitudinal movement, such as the peripheral shoulder 41 on the outside of the sleeve engaging a similar shoulder 42 on the interior of the cylinder. Incase the upper and lower portionsof the sleeve cannot separate longitudinally, as when the sleeve is in one piece, the bearings for the lower end ofthe -sleeve which has the gear, are sufficient to ticular form of drive.

hold the sleeve against longitudinal movement.

In Fig. 6 I haveshown a means for rotating the sleeve 11 consisting of a beveled gear 43 upon the crank shaft, meshing with a coperating beveled gear 411 upon a short shaft 45 journaled in suitable: bearings upon the crank case and carrying at its o end the pinion 15. As alreary state however, I do not restrict myse f f to any par- When a number of cylindeijs togetherfasis usual in this type of engines, the various sleeves may be drilven in any appropriate manner which impaits to them the.-

proper relative positions, as may occur to c anyone skilled in the art. It is possible,

however, to arrange the cylinders as I have indicated in Fig. 7, with their sleeve gears 46, 47 ,48 and 49 meshing one into another in series, one end gear being driven by a pinion 50 correspon ing to the pinion 15 already described. Obviously by this arrangement of sleeve gears, only alternate ones will move in *the saine direction, and adjacent out departing ing over it. posite -are arranged ones will movev in op osite directions. l can be accommodate however, by making'- the two cylinders whose sleeves turnin opposite directions as a pair whose exhaust ports 51, and 52 may combine and whose inlet ports 53 and 54 may branch from a. common duct. lThe relative arrangement of inlet and exhaustports according to my invention in fact favors the construction of' .I

such a pair of cylinders, as will be clear.' upon an examination of Fig. 7 of the drawings. While I have described a 'rotary sleeve valve for lcontrolling my im roved port opening in conjunction with t e piston, it will be understood that I do not restrict myself thereto and that any ordinary and well-known form ofvalve'or other means adapted to and suitable for the purposel can be employed as may be desired by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, while I( have shown my invention'applied to a foursoJ cycle engine, I' desire to be'understood as contemp ating its application to two-cycle or o ther types of engines and as covering the invention herein regardless of the articiilar engine to which it may be app ied.

Various other modifications and deviations :from that which is herein ex ressly shown for illustrative fpurposes may made withrom the spirit and .scope of the invention, and I donot wishto be under-1 stood as limiting myself except as required by the following claims when read in the light of the prior art.

v Having thus described-the invention, what I claim is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a port opening extending substantially the length of travel of said piston, a valve having a port adapted to coperate with said cylinder `port, and means for moving said valve so that its port will coperate with said cylinder port -while the piston is movioo a cylinder having -in its side wall i 2. In an internal combustion en 'ne,'a

piston, a cylinder having in its si e -wall a port o ening extending ltravel of said piston, a valve hav- 1 s', port adapted to rate with said cy inder port, and means or turning said substantially the valve so that its port will coperate with said cylinder port-while the piston is moving Aover it.

3. In an internal combustion en "ne, a piston, a cylinder having in its si e wall a port o ening extending substantially the length o travel of said piston, a .valve hav-` in a port adapted to coperite with said cy inder port, and means for continuously rotating said valve so that its port will cooperate with said cylindervport while the piston is moving over 1t..-

- izo 4. In` an internal combustion engine, a piston, a, cylinder having in its side wall a 'ort opening extending' substantially the ength of travel of said piston, a sleeve valve between said piston and cylinder having a por-t adapted to cooperate with said cylinder port, and means for moving said sleeve valve so that its port will col'ierate with Said cylinder port while the 'piston is moving over'it.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a piston', a cylinder having in its side wall a port opening extending substantially the length of travel of said piston, a sleeve valve between said piston and cylinder having a port adapted to coperate with said cylinder port, and means for turning said sleeve valve so that `its port will coperatie with said cylinder port while the piston is moving over it.

(i. In an internal combustion eng1ne,.a piston, a cylinder having in its side walla port exhaust.

` In an internal comhustion'engine, a.

opening extending substantially the length of travel of said piston, a sleeve valve between said piston and cylinder having a port adapted to coperate with said. cylinder port,y and' means for continuouslyrotating `said sleeve valve so that its port will pcrate with said cylinder port while the piston is n'ioving over it.'

7. In. an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its side wall inlet and exhaust ports extending substantially the length. of travel. of said. piston, a sleeve valve between. said piston and cylinder having a port adapted to coperate with said cylinder ports, and means for moving said sleeve so that its port will overlap saidfcylinder ports at such' times that movement of the piston will 'close the exhaust.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its side wallinlet and exhaust ports extending substantially the length of travel of said'piston, a sleeve valve between said piston and cylinder' having a. port. adapted to lcooperate `with said cylinder ports, and means for turning said sleeveso that its port will overlap said cylinder ports at suchtimes that movement of the piston will close the/inlet and open the piston, a cylinder having initsside wall inlet and exhaust po'irjts" extending substantially the length if-travel of said piston, a sleeve valve between said piston and cylinder having a` port adapted to coperate with said cylinder ports, and means for rotating said sleeve continuously .in one direction so that its port will overlap said cylinder ports at such times that movement of the piston will close the inlet and open the exhaust.

410. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its side wall ininlct and open 'the sleeve valve between said piston and cyliny dei' having a port adapted to ccperate with said cylinder ports, and means for moving said sleeve so that its port wll coperate with said cylinder ports alter iately while the piston is moving over them 1l. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its side Wall inlet and exhaust ports extend ng substantially the length of travel of s `iid piston, a sleeve valve between said piston and cylinder ha ving a port adapted to coper .ite with said cylinder ports, and means for iontinuously rotating said sleeve so as to c: use its port to cooperate with said cylinder ports alternately while the piston is moving over them.

l2. In an internal combustion engine, a

piston, a cylinder having .in its side wall ra port opening extending substantially the length of travel'of said piston ind having a lateral extension, a valve haing a port adapted to coperate with said c vlinder port, and means for moving saidvalve so that its port will coperate with said cylinder port while the piston is moving over it.

1.3. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its side Wall a 'port opening extending subst intially the length of travel of said piston and having a. lateral extension at Vthe outer or `iorward end of the cylinder, a valve having a port adapt-1 a lateral extension adapted 4to co `perate with said cylinder port, and means for moving said valve so that its port willico 'perate with .said cylinder port while the piston is moving over it. g 15. In an internal eombustnin engme, a piston, a cylinder for said p1 iton having `elongated lateral inlet and exha' lst ports extending longitudinally of the @vlinder for nearly the length of the stroke of said piston, a sleeve valve having a port adapted to register with said cylinder ports, and means for turning said sleeve to bring its port successively into and out of registra-` tion with said `cylinder ports i1 i. turn.

1516. .In an internalcombusticn engine, a piston, a cylinder for said pi iton having elongated lateral inlet and exhaust ports extending longitudinally of the cylinder for nearly the length of the st: yoke of said piston, a sleeve valve having a 1 ort adapted to register with said cylinder ports,. and

means for rotating said sleeve continuously in one direction to cause its'port to coperate with the cylinder ports in turn.

17. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder for said piston having elongated lateral inlet and exhaust ports extending longitudinally of the cylinder nearly the length of the stroke of said piston, a. sleeve valve having a port adapted to register with said cylinder ports, and means for turning said sleeve at a slower speed than that of the piston, said sleeve and the piston operating in conjunction with each other to vary the intake and exhaust openings.

18. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder fory said piston having elongatedlateral inlet and exhaust .ports extending longitudinally of the cylinder for nearly the length of the stroke of said piston, a sleeve valve having a port adapted to register with said cylinder ports, and means for rotating said sleeve continuously in one direction at a slower speed than that of the piston, said sleeve and theA piston adapted to coperate in varying the intake,

and exhaust openings.

19. In an internal combustion engine, a'

cylinder having an' inlet port and an exhaust port in its side Wall, asleeve valve having a port adapted to register with said cylinder ports, all said ports having extensions the sleeve port extension adapted to register With the inlet port extension at the end of the intake and with the exhaust port extension atthe beginning of the exhaust, means for moving said sleeve toibring its port successively into and out of registration with said cylinder ports in Vturn,

and a piston adapted to operate in conjunction with said sleeve to vary the intake and exhaust openings.

20. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having an inlet port and an exhaust port in lits side Wall, a sleeve valvehaving a port adapted to register with said cylinder. ports,'all said ports having extensions t-he sleeve port extension adapted to register with the inlet port extension at the end of the intake and the exhaust port extension at the beginning of the exhaust,

means for turning said sleeveto bring its port successively into and out of registra` tion with said cylinder ports in turn, and a piston adapted to operate in conjunction with said sleeve to vary the intake and exhaust openings.

21. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having an inlet port and an exhaust port in its side wall, said ports having extensions directed toward each other.l a sleeveA val-ve having a port adapted to .register'with said cylinder ports, said sleeve porthaving an extension adapted to register With the said extensions of the cylinder -ports in turn, means for rotating said sleeve continuously in one direction'to cause its port to register with the .cylinder ports Iin turn and itsextension to register with the inlet port extension at-.the end of the intake and with the exhaust port at the beginning of the exhaust, and a piston adapted to operate in conjunction with said sleeve t0 varv the intake and exhaust openings.

22. In an internal combustion engine, av

cylinder having lateral inlet and exhaust vports arranged longitudinally of the cylinder, said ports having next the outer end of vthe cylinder lateral extensions directed toward each other, a sleeve valve having a port adapted to register with said cylinder ports, said sleeve' port having an extension adapted to registerwith the said extensions of the cylinder ports in turn, means for turnl ing said'sleeve, and a piston adapted to operate in' conjunction with said sleeve to open the inlet port extension at the end of the intake and to open the exhaust'port'extension at the beginning of the exhaust.

23. In aninternal combustion engine, a cylinder having lateral inletv and exhaust ports arranged longitudinally of the cylinder, said ports having next the outer end of the cylinder. lateral extensions directed toward each other, a sleeve valve havin a port adapted to register with said` cylin er ports, said sleeve port having an extension adapted to reglster with said extensions of the cylinder ports 1n turn, means for rotating said sleeve continuously in one direction,

and apiston adapted to operatein conjunction with said sleeve to open the inlet port extension at the end of the intake and to open the exhaust .port extension at the beginning of the exhaust.

piston, a cylinder for said piston having lateral inlet and exhaust ports extendin longitudinally of the cylinder forv near y the length of the stroke of said piston, said ports havlng next the .outer end of thecylinder lateral extensions directed toward each other, a sleeve valve having aport adapted to register with said cylinder ports, said sleeve port having an extension adapted to register with' the said extensions ofthe cyl- `ais inderports, and means for rotating said sleeve continuously in one direction to bring its said poi-t extension into registration with the cylinde'i inlet extension at lthe end of the intake and into registration with the cylinder exhaust port at the beginning of the exhaust.

26.K `In aninternal combustion engine, .a2

cylinder having an inlet port and an exhaust portycircumferentially arranged in its side wall, a piston in said cylinder, a sleeve valve having a 'port adapted to register with 4a port` of said cylinder, said sleeve valve being split longitudinally and having at its l edges a intei'meshing overlapping tongues,

wall, a piston in said cylinder, a sleeve between said piston and cylinder having a. port adapted to register with a port of the cylinder, said sleeve being split longitudi nally `and having at its edges overlapping tongues, and means for operating said sleeve valve to move the port into and out of registration with the cylinder port. v

28; In -an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a port in its side Wall, a piston for saidV cylinder, a sleeve valve having an upper split portion with ay port adapted to register with the port of the cylinder and a lower annular portion, said portions havingr in their adjacent end edges one recesses and the other projections extending into` said recesses, and means for turning said lower portion.

29. The combination with the cylinder Aand pistonof an explosive engine, of a valve fof the piston on its extreme inward movement, outward as far as a point reached by the inner end of the piston on its outwardl movement at.tlie time said port exhaust.

30. The combination with the cylinder is open to ,and piston of an explosive engine, said cyl-` inder having in one wall a port extending approximately the full length of the -piston movement, of a valve operating to open and 'close said port-With a properly timed action.

31. In an explosive engine, a cylinder having a port extending ailiproxnnately the full length of the piston movement, and' a valve coperating with said 'cylinder port to open and close the saine with a properly timed action.

32. In an explosive engine, the combina-y tion with `a cylinder havinga port extended` lthe piston, and means other thaii` thepislongitudinally `thereof approximately the full length of the piston'- move; nent, but terminating short of the extrene inward position of said piston,whereby saidl port will be closed y by said piston at tletime of explosion, and 'a valve coperating with said 70 cylinder port to open .and close the saine with .a properly timed action".

33. The combination with a cylinder and piston of an'explosive engine, ol a rotary controlling valve controlling adm ssion` and exhaust, said cylinder having a port con trolled by said valve and which `i'oi't'is extended froin apoint inward nearly" as far as the point reached by the inner 'end of the piston on its inward movement, o itwardas far as the point reached by 'the inner end.` of the piston at the time the. sa d port is open to exhaustby the said valve, :ind means for rotating said valve with a properly timed action in respect to said piston.

34. An internal combustion engine having.-

a cylinder, a piston, an exhaustpoit opening in said cylinder extending for sul istantially the distance of piston travel and adapted to be rendered decreasingly availablry on back, 90 ward movement of the piston, and'y means .adapted to be rendered progressii ely avalable or unavailable on piston movement, and

.means comprising ai slide valve foI uncovering said port means on one-stroke of the 13,0

piston, while maintaining the sane covered ii during the succeeding strokes"thei,eof. i

36. An internal combustion engine having ,f

a cylinder with a port opening extending j substantially the distance of piston travel"195 and means for openilligandaclosingl said port opening' with a properly timed action.

37. An internal combustion engine having a piston, a cylinder with a port opening extending substantially the distance of pistonv 10 travel,and valver meanisadapted i0 coperf` ate withi said piston in opening a: id `closing said port with a properly. timed ii ction.

38. An internalcombustion en gine havextendingsubstantially the length of piston n travel and adapted to be rendered increasingly available onforward moieineniii-p` of ton for opening Said portionl ea'clfA alternate 39. An internal combustion engine having a piston, a ycylinder with a port opening ex-V u tending substantially thdistance of piston travel and adapted to be=rendeeii progressively available or unavailable' oy piston ing a piston, a cylinder with an exf iaust port -1v2o` forward stroke of the piston ani vsucceed- `inginward stroke and for closing saidport "y on the other-forward and real-wai d stroln'es.`

movement` and means other than said, piston for opening and closing said port opening.'-v

40. An internal combustion enginehavinga piston, a cylinder with an inlet port exf tending substantially the distance of piston travel and adaptedto berendered increasingly available by piston movement, and means other than 'said pistonl for opening and closing said inlet port.

41. An internal combustion engine having a piston, a cylinder with an inlet port extending substantially'the length of piston travel and adapted toA be rendered increasingly available on"l forward movement of the piston, and means other than the piston for openingsaidV yport on each alternate forward l strokel of the iston and for closing said port on the o er forwardv strokes and all thereverse strokes.

v '42. An internal combustion engine having a `c linder, a piston, admission port means an exhaust port mea-ns in said'cylinder both extending substantially the length of piston travel and adapted tobe rendered progressively availablel or unavailable by u movementl of the piston, and means other than the piston foruncovering said exhaust pos-,t means on one rearward'stroke ofthe piston and for uncoverlng said admission port means on the next succeeding forward stroke of the piston and for maintaining both said port means 'closed on the next succeeding rearward and forward piston strokes.

43. An internal combustion engine having la cylinder, a piston, a prolonged port opening in the cylinder extending forja substantialpart of the distance of piston travel, a rotary valve sleeve interposed between the piston and'thecylnder and having a lvalve port adapted to register with the port openl lngin said cylinder, said Vvalve -port bein adapted to be rendered progressively avai able b piston movement and so positioned as to covered by' the piston in he rearwardv position of the latter-,andati ns to rotate said valve. 44. An internal combustion engine havin a cylinder, apiston, an admission port and an exhaust port in said cylinder, both extending approximately the length of the pis,- ton stroke, a rotary sleeve valve interposed between said piston and said cylinder and having port meansl adapted to register with said admission and'exhaust ports, said cylindexport meansl being rendered progressively available by movement of theplston and being covered by the piston in its rearward position' on compression 'and firing, and means to rotate the valve. 45. In'an explosiveengine, a cylinder hav- I ing a port extending 4'approxil'nately the full lenrth of the piston movement and a contro ling Vvalve moved with a `properlytimed --tion with a cy the full length of the piston movement, of a walve'extended longitudinally of said cylinder adjacent to the port in thefwall thereof and coperating with said port and operating under its initial movement to open said ovlinder port from end to end in the exhaust l action.

47. The combination with the cylinder and piston of an explosive engine, said cylinder having a longitudinal port extending approximately the full length of the piston movement but terminating slightly short of the extreme innermost osition of said piston, whereby said cylinder port will be closed by said piston at the time of explosion, and a rotary valve having a port cooperating with said cylinder port with `a properly timed action.

48. The combination with a cylinder and piston of an explosive engine, of a valve mechanism for controlling admission and exhaust, said cylinder having in one wall a portn extending from a point inward nearly as far as the point reached by the inner end of the piston on its extreme inward movement and outward as far as a point reached by the inner end ofthe piston on its outward movement at the time said port is "open to exhaust.

49. The combination with a cylinder and piston of an explosive engine, of a rotary l controlling valve extending longitudinally of and seated ladjacent to one Wall of said cylinder and controlling admission and exhaust, said cylinder and valve having `cooperating ports that extend from a point inward nearly` as' far as the point reached by the inner end of a piston on its inward .movement and outwardas far as the point length of the cylinder, and a valve coacting' with a cylinder and having a port extending nearly the full length of the cylinder and adapted to register with the ports in-the cylinder.

51. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports extending longitudinally of the cylinder nearly the entire length thereof, said ports being separated from each other and each of. said ports being bridged by a strengthening web, and a valve .havingiljv iy port adapted to register with the inlet andv i exhaust ports of the engine and extending' and piston of an explosive engine, said cylinder having in one Walla port extending approximztely the full length of the piston movement, of a valve extended longitudi- 'nallyofV said cylinder and seated adjacent to one wall thereof' and having a port cooperating with the said port in said cylindgnl/ 5 he combination with the cylinder and piston of an explosive engine, of a rotary controlling valve' extended longitudnally of and seated adjacent to one wall of said cylinder, said cylinder and valve having cooperating ports that extend approximately the full length of the stroke of said piston, and means for rotating said valve with a properly timed action in respect to the movements of said piston.

54. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its side wall a Vport opening extending substantially the length of travel of said piston and having a lateral extension at the outer or forward end of the cylinder, a valve having a port with a lateral extension at the outer or forward end of the cylinder adapted t0 coperate with said cylinder port, and means for moving said valve so that its port will coperate with said cylinder port while the piston is movin over it.

55. n an internal combustion engine, a piston, a .cylinder having in its side Wall inletand exhaust ports extending substantally the length of travel of said piston and having lateral extensions extending toward each other, a valve having a portadapted to coperate with said cylinder ports, and means formoving said valve so that its port Will coperate with said cylinder ports alternately while the piston is moving.

56. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its -side Wall inlet and exhaust ports'v extending substani tially the length of travel of said `piston and having lateral extensions extending toward each other at the forward or outer end of the cylinder, a valve having a port adapted to coperate with said cylinder ports, and f having lateral extensions extending toward each other, a valve having a port with a lateral extension adapted to coperate with said cylinder ports, and means for moving said valve so that its pori; will coperate with said cylinder pin-ts alternately while the piston is moving over them.

58. In an internal combustion engine, a. piston, a cylinder having in its side wall 'l0 inlet and exhaust ports Vextending substantially the length of travel of said piston and having lateral extensi'ldns extending toward each other at the forward orouter end of the cylinder, a valve lhaving a port with a lateral extension at :he forward or outer end of the c linder adapted to coperate with said cy inder ports, and means for moving said vvalve so that its port willjcooperate with said cylinder ports alternately Vwhile the piston is Vme ving over them.

59. In an internal combustion engine a piston, a cylinder haring inits side wa a port opening extending substantially the length of travel of said piston and-having a l5 lateral extension, said cylinder having' a bridge across said port opening adjacent said lateral extension, a valve having a 'port adapted to coperatii with said cylinder port, and means for moving said valve S030 that its port will col erate with saidcyliip der port while the pis ton is moving over it.

60. In an internalcombustioii engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its side ,Walla port opening extending substantially the length of travel of said piston and having a lateral extension lat the outer' orV :forward end of the cylinder, said cylinder having a bridge .across said port opening adjacent: said lateral extension, a valve havinga port adapted to coperatu with said cylinder port, and means for moving said valve S0 that its port will coperate with said cylinder port while the piston is moving over it.

61. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder haring inits side wall a port opening extendin substantially the length of travel Vofsii piston and having a lateral extension,"said cylinder having a bridge across said port opening adjacent 11 said lateral extension, a valve having a port with a lateral extension adapted to fcopcrate with said rcylinder port and having a bridgeV across said poi t adjacentl said 'lateral extension, and meansv lforvmovingsaid valve so that its pi't will coperate with said cylinder port while tl .e piston is riiovinggl over it.V r i? .ijs

62; In-` an' internal combustionY enginq piston,- ajcylinderhai'ing in its side-wall al 1 ort opening extend ing substantially the en'gth of. travel of said piston and having a lateral extension at whe outer or forward. end of the cylinder, said cylinder having a` :,igemcross saidfpert opening adjacent ai i. lateral extension, a v alve having a port with a lateral extension at the outer or/ forward end of the cylinder adapted to co'p- 1' 'lateraly extensions lextending toward each crate-.with said cylinder port, and means for l moving said valve so that its port will cooperate with said cylinder port while the piston is moving over it.

(33. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its side wall a port opening extending substantially the length of travel of said piston and having a lateral extension 4at the outer or forward end of the cylinder, said cylinder having a bridge across said port openingadjacent said lateral extension, a valve having a port with a lateral extension at the outer or forward end of the cylinder adapted to coperate with said cylinder port and having a bridge across said port adjacent said lateral extension, and means for moving said valve so that its port will cooperate with said cylinder port while the piston is moving over it.

64. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its side wall inlet and exhaust ports extending substarn, tially the length of travel of said piston and having lateral extensions extending toward each other, saidcylinder having bridges across said ports adjacent their said lateral extensions, a valve having a port adapted to coperate with said cylinder ports, and means for' moving said valve so that its port will coperate with said cylinder ports alternately while the piston is moving.

65. In an internal combustion engine, a

' piston, a cylinder having in its side wall inlet and exhaust ports extending substantially the length of travel of said piston and having lateral extensions extending toward each other at the forward or outer end of the cylinder, said cylinders having bridges across said ports 'adjacent their lateral extensions, a .valve having a port adapted to cooperate with said cylinder ports, and means lformoving said valve so that its port will coperate withsaid cylinder ports alternately While the piston is moving over them.

66@ In an internal combustion engine, a

"piston, a cylinder having in its side wall longitudinal lnlet and exhaust ports with latera-l extensions extending toward each other, said cylinder having bridges across lsaid ports adjacent their said lateral extensions, a valve having a port with a lateral extension adapted to cooperate with said cylinder ports, and-means for^-moving said valve so that its port willv coperate with said cylinder ports alternatelypwhile the piston is moving over them.

67. In an internal combustion engine, a

, piston, a cylinder having in its side wall .longitudinal inlet and exhaust ports with other, said cylinder, having bridges across said ports adjacent their. said lateral extensions, avalve having a. port with a lateral extension adapted to cooperate with said cylinder ports and having a bridge across said port adjacent said lateral extension, and means for moving said valve so that its port will coperate with said cylinder ports alternately while the piston is moving over them. 68. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having .in its side wall longitudinal inlet and exhaust ports with lateral extensions extending toward each other at the forward or outer end of the cylinder, said cylinder'having bridges across said ports adjacent their said lateral extensions, a valve having a port with a lateral extension at the .forward or outer end of the cylinder adapted to coperate with said cylinder ports, and means for moving said Avalve so thatv its port will coperate with said cylinder ports alternately while the piston is moving over them.

69. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder having in its side wall longitudinal inlet and exhaust ports with `lateral extensions extending toward each other at the forward or outer end of the cylinder, said cylinder having bridges across said ports adjacent their said lateral extensions, a valve having a port with a lateral extension at the forward or outer end of the cylinder adapted to cooperate with said cylinder ports and having a bridge across said port adjacent said lateral extension, and means for moving said valve so that its port will coperate with said cylinder ports alternately while the pistonvis moving over them.

70. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder havinga port in its side wall, a piston forl said cylinder, a sleeve valve 'between said-piston and cylinder having an upper portion with a port adapted to .cooperate with the port of the cylinder and a lower annular portion, said portions having in 'their adjacent i end edges one recesses and the other projections extendinginto said recesses, and means for turning said.- lower annular portion.

71.,In an internal combustion engine, a

'cylinder having a port in its side wall, a

piston for said cylinder, a sleeve valve be tween said piston and cylinder having an upper portion with a port adapted to cotween said piston and cyl-inder having lan4 upper portion with a port adapted to cooperate with the port of the cylinder and a lower annular portion, said portions having in their adjacent end edges ,one recesses and the other projections extending loosely into said recesses, and means for turning said lower annular portion.

73. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston, a sleeve valve between said piston and cylinder split longitudinally and having at the adjacent sdges formed 1c thereby tongues interlocking io as to close the split against the longitu linel passage of gas, and means for turning seid sleeve valve.

WILLIAM S. OWVARD. Witnesses:

CORNELIUS ZABRISKIE, HOWARD P. KING,

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