US1258614A - Automatic machine-tool. - Google Patents

Description

R. HAZELTON at s.`E|NsTE|N.

AUTOMATIC MACHINE TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR` 15,1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I wl E I HAZ-Ca? T I N ff www IT. T. HAzE'LToN II s. EINSTEIN.

AUTOMATIC MACHINE TooL.

3 APPLlCATlON FILED MAR15| 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

sv 54 /I IIIAIIIIII'I R. T. HAZELTON II S. EINSTEIN.

AUTOMATIC MACHINE TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.I5.19I5.

1,258,614. Patented Mar. 5,1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEroE. p y

ROBERT T. HAZELTON AND SOL EINSTEIN, OF

CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE CINCINNATI MILLING MACHINE COMPANY, OF OAKLEY, CINCINNATI, OHIO, A COR- PORATION OF OHIO.

AUTOMATIC MACHINE-TOOL.

Pateated Mar.'5,191s.

Application led March 15, 1915. Serial No. 14,568.

To all whom'z't may concern.'

Be it known that we, ROBERT 'L iiAzEL- TorY and SOL E1NsTE1N,citizens of theUnited Sta-tes, and residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented anew and Improved Automatic Machine-Tool, of which the following application is a full disclosure.

This joint invention deals with machine tools and it undertakes to 'improve certain motion transmitting and controlling features thereof so as to reduce the number of parts required for the general organization and in other respects it materially simplifies the general arrangement.

Among various other objects, this joint invention contemplates a more accessible control for regulating the direction and rotation of the spindle.v

Another object is to render available a system of gearing extending from the prime mover t'o the spindle and constructed in 4accordance with a speed ratio system of such a nature as will greatly promote the facility with which the various gears may be shifted and which will render it unnecessary to use gears as heavy and as large as those heretoforeemployed.

Another object within the contemplation of this invention is to simplify the main power control for the machine so that by the use of non-complicated elements, thev power may be disconnected by a simple movement of a hand lever and a braking ,of the movement of the former and which,

taken aS a whole will represent a material saving in the number of parts required in accomplishing these functions.

Another object` is to provide a relation betweenthe table control and the Oil pump or table feed so that the number of elements required to constitute the transmission will be reduced.

Another object is to create a simplified control for the spindle speeds whereby by moving a singlelever progressively into successive positions, the spindle speeds may be correspondingly varied.

Other objects will be in part obvious from the annexed drawings and in part indicated in connection therewith by the following analysis of this invention.

This invention accordingly consistsin the features of construction, combinations of parts and in the unique relations of the members and in the relative proportioning and disposition thereof; all as more completely outlined herein.V

To enable others skilled in the art so fully to comprehend the underlying features thereof that they ma, embody the-same bythe numerous lmodifications in structure and relation contemplated by this invention, A drawings depicting a preferred form havel been annexed asl a part of this disclosure, and in such drawings, like characters of reference denote corresponding parts throughout all the views, of which Figure l is a diagrammatic drawing depicting a gear arrangementl such as is herein proposed forgiving the spindles a series of speeds, for changing the direction of rotation thereof, and for rovidin the speed ratios enabling a generail simpli cation to be effected.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken through line 2, 2, of Fig. 4 through the speed change box showing the arrangement of certain control elements whereby a single handle may yield four speed ratios.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation partly in section" taken through line 3, of Flg. 4 of the hand lever and the lgear 90 shifting arms. p

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the speed change box.

Fig. 5 is a-section through line 5, 5, of

Fig. 6 is an isolated partial assembly of the gear actuating lever syste-m arranged 1n a single plane to better show the arrangement of the parts.

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a milling 100 machine of a knee-column type exemplifying howany species of milling. machines y may be reorganized to embody thls ]o1nt 1nvention. v

To obtain an adequate understanding of this invention, it'should Vbe kept in` mmd that the term feed, as used herein, indlcates any one of a series of relatively slow 'movements of the table all essentially suitable for tooling operations, and the term feed-changer or feed-change mechanism indicates only that particular device which determines the rate at which the table thus feeds"; and it is to be distinguished from variable speed devices which effect changes not all identied with a tooling operation,

' thereon to the effect of the tool or cutter that is secured to an appropriate tool-supporting member here typified by va spindle X which, in this instance, is continuously yrotated by power derived from the same source or prime-mover that actuates the table. In order to enable the machine properly to eXecute its functions, these actuated elements must be capable of being brought into adjustable'relation with one another in two directions. This is accomplished by an inizerponent frame-unit B that intervenes between the frame-unit A that directly supports the spindle or tool-supporting member and the frame-unit C that directly mounts ihetable. In the type of machine lillustrated, the interponentframe-unit B is'commonly termed a knee the table-supporting frame-unit C is usually termed a saddle, and the .spindle mounting frame-unit A is generally termed a column The chief mechanical characteristic of the interponent frame-unit B is that it provides for a relative vertical adjustment as to the spindlemounting unit, and a horizontal adjustment as to the table-supporting unit, z'. c., in a,

direction transverse to the other.

The spindle-mounting frame-unit, or column A, has heretofore been that also selected to rest on the floor and thus provide a foundation for the machine, as a whole, and it has also been utilized to support or mount both the change-gear mechanism that varies the speed of the spindle, as well as the change-gear mechanism that varies the rate of feed of thetable. This, however,

has resulted in a very considerable inconvenience to the attendant in manipulating the machine. That is to say, the attendant lmust be stationed at the outer longitudinal side of the reciprocating table in order to lscrutinize the action of the machine` but,

when so stationed, he is out of reach of the levers that effect all the changes of the rate of feed of the table, so that, in order to make these changes he must shift his position. U; S. Patent N o. 1,125,686 proposes, among other things, a rearrangement and a reconstruction of the control elements so as to free the so-called column of the machine from the mechanism that governs the rate at which the table shall feed, and so to locate -the said mechanism, and so to combine it with other control features that the attendant, when stationed at the outer longitudinal edge of the reciprocating table (the edge remote from the frame-unit that' uprises across the plane ofthe table) and without shifting his position, will be able, first, to change the rate at which the table feeds, z'. e., to vary its Speed during a cutting stroke; second, to change the direction of travel of the table, either manually or automatically; and third, to stop the movement of the table either manually or automatically.' In carrying out this aspect of said invention, one

of the frame-units carrying the weight of the table may assume any conventional proportions or configuration, such as are indicated on the drawings, but with this distinction, that it is contrived also to support or carry the weight of what may be termed a feed-change boX, z'. c., the casing and elements constituting a change-gear mechanism such that the rate of feed may be varied at will. This box may also include other control features, such as the means for determining the direction of movement of the table; all for example as fully set forth in said patent. v

A more comprehensive grasp of the various aspects ofthis invention may perhaps be obtained by tracing the course` of motion through the machine in connection with a description of the structural features involved.

At a convenient. point, as for example on a column A,is mounted a prime mover P, here instanced as a pulley, and both the spindle and the table may be driven by this prime mover.

In the embodiment under description, the table-feed transmission system derives mo-l tion directly from the prime-mover and includes the beveled gear l secured to the shaft p1 and meshing with a beveled gear 2 which is located at the upper end of a shaft 3 which depends alongside of the frame-unit A or column and enters a box at the side of said frame-unit; within which it terminates in a bevel 4 that meshes with the bevel 5 secured to the horizontal knuckle 6. The foregoing embodiment constitutes a very simple structure for so locating the knuckle 6 that the deflection necessary for shaft 7' will be reduced t0 a minimum. The motion is then transmitted through the feed-change box C1 to actuate the table Y in any desired The spindle-propelling transmission, in-` cluding the gearing enabling the rate of speed to be-varied, will now be described. In this embodiment, this transmission eX- tends from the initial terminal-member d2 to the ultimate terminal-member a', which in this instance is not shiftable. This transmission derives motion from the prime mover P preferably through a motion reverser so that the spindle may be caused to rotate in either direction. To that end, this invention provides a combination junction and reversing device whereby the parts are reduced in number and a much simpler arrangement is thereby afforded. This device comprises two opposite coaxial bevel gears 1 and d1 each of which permanently meshes with an intervening bevel 'gear 2 having its axis arranged transversely to the other gears. is driven by the pulley P; the bevel 2 is keyed to the table-feeding or pump-driving shaft 3; and the bevel d1 idles about the shaft Z3 and turns contrary to bevel 1. This pump-driving and table-feeding shaft 3 terminates at its lower end in a bevel gear 4 which is coaxially opposite to another bevel gear 2 which iskeyed tothe upper end of the shaft b which is connected at its lower end to a pump c so las to drive it. An intermediate bevel gear 5 meshes simultaneously with both gears 4 and 2 and is connected to a knuckle 6 whereby the extensible shaft 7 is driven. By means of this arrangement, the pump driving mechanism bears a simplified relation to the table mechanism. A doubleended clutch d2 is splined to shaft d3 and is shifted to clutch either bevel 1 or bevel Z1 to said shaft by means of lever d shown in Fig. 7; thereby enabling the direction of the spindle to be reversed without aecting the direction of rotation of the table-feeding transmission. Shiftably mounted on the shaft d3 are two independently movable units or gear-bearers d* and d5. The former carries the gears d and ds, and the latter carries the gears J7 and dg, and the purpose of enabling these gear is to utilize one or another of said four gears for propelling or transmitting purposes. Keyed to a shaft D1 journaled in parallelism with shaft @Z5-is a series of gears D6, D", D8, D9 which is so arranged that gear d6 may be brought into mesh with gear DS, and so on. In a suitable manner, motion is derived from any one of these four gears. Thus, the shaft g1 carries agear g1 which may be brought into mesh (keyed to shaft D1) by a lateral movement of the unit g4, or similarly the gear g1 may be meshed with gear D9. These gears are shifted by the arm g. .Inasmuch as the unit gis splined to the be rotated at'a rate dependent upon the character of the foregoing intermeshing;

with the effect that gear g2, which Iis fast to the shaft g1, will directly drive the gear Gr2 and indirectly the gear G8 at a corresponding rate.

The bevel 1 is keyed to shaft p1 and bearers to be shifted shaft g1, the latter will The gears G2 and 'G3 are constructed together preferably to form a single shifting gear unit which is mounted on a shaft G15V and is adapted to be lever G having an arm G4 terminating in a shoe seated within the angular groove G5.

The gear g2 is elongated so that it may constantly mesh with sitions of the latter. to the spindle X and provides a large w3 adapted to mesh With the. pinion G3 the gear unit m also provides a pinion :1:2 adapted to be brought into-mesh with the large gear G2. In consequence of this arrangement sixteen diferent spindle speeds become available as follows: Four closely graduated' speeds by means of the single hand lever D; these doubled by means of the hand lever g having an arm g3 shifting the gear Vunit g4; and these eight speeds again A gear unit m is keyed doubled by means of the hand lever G above described.

A unique characteristic of this gear seriesl lies in the peculiar relationships and the rates of the said speeds. By turning .to Fig. 1, it will be perceived that the four closely graduated speeds are obtained by shifting gear units which are comparatively small in diameter and which rotate at a very high speed by virtue of being connected to receive undiminished the full speed of the primemover. Between this speed-changer andthe spindle is a reducing pinion g2 which enables the pulley to run at a proportionately high speed and reduces the 4strain on the gears and the pressures on the various shafts. It has been found, contrary to the prevailing belief, that at the high speeds at which the gear units d* and d5 run, the shifting can be effected with much less clashing of teeth. t v

For the urpose of giving a better control to the mam power supply of the machine, the prime mover P has a loose mounting about the shaft p1, and is adapted to be connected therewith by rffans of a clutch member 792 which .is spline-d to said shaft, and which in turn is positioned by means of an elongated rod p3 extending through shaft p1 and shaft cl3, and which has its other extreme end pinned lto a friction brake p* having a beveled face adapted to cramp against a counterpart face on a stationary element p5. This arrangement locates the control of the main power relatively near the front of the machine, and the shifting isy effected by an elongated lever P2 adapted to be connected at various angles with the shaft P3 by means of clutch teeth,l as shown in Fig. 4.

the gear G2l in all pogear' and shifted by means ofaf The lower end of this shaft carries an arm bling the attendant to shift the four coam'al gears of the speed-change mechanism so that the spindle may be causedto rot'ate at anyone of'the'selectively available speeds, may now be described.' iThis' mechanism embodies certam improvements simplifying attendant.

its construction and also enhancing its facility of operation. In this embodiment, a

single hand lever D is utilized to control the4 four feed-changes constituting what may be 'termed the first and second series of multipliers.

This'lever, is indicated by the character D on Figs. 2-to .7, and it comprises an arm or shank 50 that extends through a cross-slot (see Fig. 2) in a positioning Aor guard-plate 51 that projects laterally from the side of the gear-box A1 whichconta'ins the speed-change mechanism as aforesaid. This brings thegrip of the lever D adjacent the side of the column, whereit will atall times be within the convenient reach of the The other end of the lever is flattened to form a gearesegment 52 which is received by a radial slot 53 provided in the end-portion 54 of fan elongated sleeve 55 which extends transversely to the handlever D and is journaledin'the gear-box A1 so as to permit of rotation, but not of an aXial movement. The other oud of this sleeve 55 provides an o'set arm 56 terminating in a shoe 57 that rides in the circumferential groove 58 ofthe gear unit Z5 so that vwhen the sleeve 55 -is partially rotated by moving the hand-lever D right or left, the gear-unit d5 will be shifted axially lso as to causeone of its gears to mesh with another gear, and so that, when the handlever 1s in' an intermediate position, the gearl `unit d5 willl also be 'in an intermediate or' non-transmitting position. Tn the arrangement shown, when the hand lev'erD is in its left position, ,the gear-unit Z5 will be shifted to theleft, as seen by' Figs. 3 and 6, with the edectthat gear 0X9 will mesh with gear D9. This is the position indicated by al1 D9 on Fig. 2. So also when the hand-lever is in' its right position (al7 D7), the gear @i7 will mesh with the gear D7. Thus the lateral movement of the hand lever D will determine the vposition of the gear-unit' (Z5. The construction is such, moreover, that-the transof the hand lever'D will also control the position of the gear-unit d4. A pin 59 pivots the hand lever to a-radial extension 60 of the sleeve 55 and a rod 61 extends 'coaxiallyfthrough the bore of the sleeve 55 and it provides a rack 62 meshing with the teeth of the gear-segment 52 so that transverse oscillations of the hand lever D will reciprocate the rod 61 and, by means of' another rack l63, this reciprocating motion is utilized to oscillate a lever 64 which is pivoted at 65, and hasan arm 66 terminating in a gear-segment meshing` with the rack 63.

The sleeve 55 has one side cut away, as indiany one of its lvarious positions,

. with the turning of the rock-sleeve 55. This lever 64also meshes with a part D11 pivoted at I 12 and having anarm which terminates in a shoe 67 riding'in a circular groove 68 of the gear-unit d4 so as to control the positions thereof. Hence, when thehand lever D is swung to thef position d D8 indicated by Fig. 3, the gear als will be brought into mesh with the gear D6 and conversely, when it is swung into the position Z7 D7 the gear (Z7 will mesh with the gear D7. The relation of these various gears al", all, d8 and Z9 to the transmission system is such that but one of them may be operating at the same time, otherwise something would have to break and this circumstance is precluded by the use of the cross-slot in the plate 51. Tn order that the hand lever D may remain in ball-pawls 69 and 70 will preferably be provided to cooperate with the appropriate recesses in the lever D11 and the'sleeve 55, respectively, as Will be understood by referring to Fig. 2.

Having thus revealed this invention, we claim as new and desire to secure the fol lowing combinations of elements and equiv alents thereof by Letters Patent of the United States:

1. A machine-'tool organization "combining a tool-support; a worlrsupport; a first bevel-gear; a second power-driven bevelgear coaxial with said rst bevel-gear; a shiftable clutch adapted to operativelyconneet. either one of said bevel-gears in pro-l pelling relation with a third bevel-gear meshing with each of said other bevelvgears; and means establishing a propelling relation between said third bevel and the work support.

the arm 66-may 'one of said supports;

ing a geanset adapted to yield a plurality of speeds; a guide-plate providing a simllar number of slotsradiating from a common center; a lever adapted to be shifted through the common center into each of said slots; andinechanism adapted to adjust said 'geanset to yield successively great-er speeds as said lever 1s shifted successively from the one slotinto the immediately adjacent slot.

3. A machine-tool organization combining a prime-mover; a spindle; a tubular shaft; a shiftable gear on saidshaft; means enabling said prime-mover to drive said spindle through the agency of said gear; means impeding the free rotation of said gear and comprising an element in tele scopic relation with said tubularshaft and' a hand lever 4for shifting said element axially with relation to said tubular sha1-'tto prime mover .to rotatel said sha' 5. A milling-machine combiningl two coaxially arranged tubular-shafts; a bevelgear fixed to one shaft; a second bevel-gear free from the other shaft; a clutch splined to said last-mentioned shaft; a third bevelgear meshing with said two gears; a primef mover; a rod extending through said shafts; rod-operated means for establishing a driving relation between said prime-mover and vone of said shafts; a spindle; and gearing for transmitting motion from one of said I shafts to said spindle.

6. A milling-machine combining two coaxially arranged tubular-shafts; a bevelgear fixed to one shaft; a second bevel-gear free from the other shaft; a clutch splined to said last-mentioned shaft; a third bevel- Y gear meshing with said two gears; a vertical shaft extending downwardly from said third bevel-gear; a work-support actuated by said vertical shaft; a prime-movera rod extending through said shafts; rod-operated means for establishing a driving relation between said prime-mover and one of said shafts; a spindle; and gearing for transmitting motion from one of said shafts to said spindle.

7. A milling-machine combining a spindle;a non-translatable cone 0f gears thereon; an intermediate shaft; a cone of gears. translatable thereon to engage successively the spindle gears; an intermediate axle; transmission gears non-translatably carried by `said axle; a power-driven shaft; gears translatably mounted thereon to be engaged with saidtransmission gears; and a shiftable cone of gears adapted to be translated to selectively en age one of Said transmission gears to ena le the latter to propel the gears on the first-mentioned intermediate f shaft.

8. A milling-machine combining a spindle; a power-driven arbor; a first shaft near the spindle; a' second shaft near' the arbor; a first and second set of gears nontranslatably mounted on the spindle and second shaft, respectively; a first and a second set .of gears shiftably mounted on the irst shaft and arbor respectively; and an .intermediate set of gears adapted to be translated to selectively enable said first Set of shiftable gears to be driven by the second set of non-translatable gears. In witness whereof, we here our names as attested by the two witnesses.

' to subscribe subscribing ROBERT T. HAzEL'roN. son EINSTEIN.

Witnesses:

W. F. REUrss, H. T. WmLIAMs.

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