US1919449A - Governor - Google Patents

Description

July 25, 1933.

5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR 650;?6; Ofrzfl July 25, 1933. G' OETZEL 1,919,449

GOVERNOR Filed Jan. 51, 195o 5 sheets-sheet INVENTOR G50/PGE 057211 ToRNEY July 25, 1933.

7 I' f `l if.

G. OETZEL 1,919,449

GOVERNOR Filed Jan. 31, 1930 3 sheets-sheet 3 INVENTOR. GEORGE ONZ/5L- ATTORNEY.

Patented July 25, 1933 UNITED STATESv PATENT 'OFFICE y emanen onwaar., or OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA, AssIoNOn cro rAInBANKs, Mon-sn & Co.,

' or CHICAGO,V ILLINOIs, A CORPORATION or ILLINOIS y GOVERNOR Thisinvention relates to improvements in governors and more particularly to selective drilling motion and speed control means-tor internal combustion engines employed in connection with well drilling apparatus.

In well drilling by the standard or cable system, as is well known in the art, the drilling motion is intermittent, that is, the load on the driving means may fluctuate quickly from no load to full load. ln drilling, the primary object is to strike as hard a blow as possible with the falling tools, which is usually attained by permitting a freeV swing or drop ot the tools, which results at such time, in practically relieving the engine of its load. It will be apparent that, unless some provision be made, the engine may tend to accelerate to a point beyond the speed of the dropping tool,with disadvantages apparent to those skilled in the art. These disadvantages are entirely eliminated with the present arrangement, and in addition several novel features are provided. By using an internal combustion engine employing, by preference,

` mechanical injection of fuel, with an injection pump for each cylinder, whereby the stroke of each pump is varied responsively to the governor, it will be apparent that an arrangement well suited for this class of service is provided. A variation in the load of course immediately aects the speed ofV the engine, and consequent-ly the position o'l' the,V

weighted governor arms, which, in turn auto` matically affect the stroke or displacement of the pump, to deliver the desired quantity of fuel'to the next working cylinder.

The drilling motion control to be described,

insures quicker drilling and harder blows of the tools, due to the fact` that the stroke or swing ot the tools is timed` to cause the tools to strike at substantially` the mid-point of their free swing, and thereby utilizing the highest velocity of travel of the tool. Itis apparent that the usual loss, due'l to the 1 stretch of the cable, is by this practice practically eliminated. Y

An'object of the present invention is to provide an improved control device forin- 'ternal -A combustion engines employed with well drilling apparatus, in which the speed are applied; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the engine is controlled in such a mannerk as to insure a harder and quicker striking blow of the tools. Y y

A further object is to provide simple and effective means for` controlling the cyclic speed or instantaneous speeds at each part of the band lwheel revolution, of a drilling apparatus, to insure the most desirable motion of the tools. y I

A still furtherr object is to provide an improved control system for `well drilling apparatus, in which is embodied means forselectively controlling the drilling motion, and' which is simple and effectively adjustable for securing the desired motion, which depends, in each case, on the tools, depth and forma.-V tions; j y y An additional object is an improved pro-` vision of governor control means foran engine employed in connection with well drilling apparatus, such means providing the maximum flexibility and V convenience of speed and drilling, motion cont-rol.

An additional object is to provide an 4improved control device for drilling apparatus which is simple and sturdy in construction; and is readly portable for the desired service.

Further objects andadv'antages will appear from the following detailed description of parts and the accompanying drawings, in which: y Y l @Y Fig. l is a diagrammatic elevation of a l preferred form ot drilling apparatus to which certain of the present improvements.

of a lpreferred form of governor, Fig. V3 isa section taken along the line 3 3 in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is an enlarged elevationofcertain parts of the control apparatus, asl viewed JI`rom line #4, of l; Fig..5 is a Jfrag-y mentary elevation as viewed from line 5-75 in Fig. l; Fig. 6: is av sectionalelevation ofthe pump housing of an engine; Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional elevation'taken along f line 7-7 .in Fig. 2, and Fig. 8 isa ragmen- 95 tary section taken along line 848 of Fig. 7.` It will, ofcourse, be understood that the present detailed description of `parts and thek accompanying Vdrawings relate to a preferred executional embodiment of the inveni 100 tion, and that substantial changes may be made in the described arrangement and construction of parts Without departing from the spirit and full intended scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.

Referring by numerals to the drawings, the Well drilling apparatus includes a Walking beam 10, Which is pivotally mounted, intermediateV its ends, on a post 11. From an end of the beam is suspended the drilling tool (not shown), by means of a cable 12. The other end of the beam is operatively attached to a rotatable band Wheel 13 by means of a crank or equivalent connection 14 which serves to reciprocate the beam, as the band Wheel is rotated. The band Wheel is driven by means of a belt 15, or the equivalent, Which engages a pulley on the crank shaft of an internal combustion engine 16. As is Well known to those skilled in the art, the drilling` motion above described is irregular, for on the down stroke of the beam 10 the tool and cable is permitted to fall freely, andthe engine 16 is practically reduced at this time, to no-load operation. Under such a condition, the engine would tend to race, unless some provision ismade for gradually accelerating the engine. Then the tool has completed its stroke, the engine is required to pick up the load and gradually accelerates the tool on its up stroke,'in ordernot to pick up the load abruptly, which may resultin a broken cable or an undesirable stretch in the cable.

The present invention is used, by preference, in connection with an internal combustion engine employing variable stroke injection pumps, such an engine being fully de scribed in Letters Patent to Edward T.

Adams, No. 1,862,132, granted June 7, 1932.V

Briefly, the construction of the above noted patent, as substantially shown inv Figs. 6, 7 and 8 of the present application, is as follows: A preferred form of injection pump assembly 1 includes a fuel pump plunger 2 operatively connected to a push rod 3 which engages an arcuate surface 4 on va rocker 5, the rocker 'being actuated by a cam 6. The

Y push rod is pivotally connected by a pivot 7 D to an eccentric strap 8, which is carried by an eccentric9 mounted on a controlfshaft 21. It will be apparent that rotation of the eccentric 9 adjustably moves the lower end of the pushl rod along the Varcuate surface of the rocker for purposes of adjusting the fuel pump stroke. The fuel charge delivered to the engine may of course'be controlled by any7 other of a number of suit-able means now known in the art. In the present, preferred example, the eccentric 9 is rotated by means of a link 17 which is connected to a lever 18 fulcrumed ona pin 19 which is fiXedly secured to a governor bracket 20. An end of the lever 18 is provided With a roller 22 (Fig. 7) which engages an annular groove in a collar 23, Which is securely attached to the governor spindle 24. This member is rotatably and slidably mounted in a hollow7 governor shaft 25 which is rotated by means of an attached gear 26 Which meshes With a gear 27 keyed to a shaft 28 Whichis 'driven in 'timed relation with the crankshaft of the engine The governor shaft 25 is provided with a i forked portion 29 to which are pivotally attached Weighted governor arms 30 by means of pins 31. The inner end portions of the arms are provided With rollers 32 which engage grooved portions 33, fixedly secured to the spindle 24. It Will be apparent that rotary movement of the governor shaft 25 will cause the 'Weighted arms to be throvvnl outwardly, to cause the spindle to slide longitudinally, which in turn, actuates the lever 18 to move the shaft 21. It Will be quite evident, that the position `of the eccentric 9 mounted on the shaft 21 is controlled in response tothe centrifugal positions ofthe governor Weights.

An end portion 34 of the spindle 24 is journaled in ball bearing 35, carried by'a nonrotating collar 36. A lever 37 is pivotally se cured to the collar 36 by means of pins 38, the lever being attached at its opposite end to a spring 39 by means of a pin'40, and further being provided With a movable fulcrum, as Will later appear. It will be apparent that the centrifugal eEect of the governor Weights 30 and consequently the sliding lmovement of the spindle 24, is opposed bythe spring 39 acting as a tension spring, through the lever 37. In the present preferred example, the effect of the spring 39 may be readily altered by a novel arrangement of moving the fulcrum point. .The lever 37 is, by preference, fulcrumed on a movable roller 41 Which is attached toa carrier 42, movable along guide Ways 43, (Fig 3), Which are lixedly secured to a housing 44. This carrier is movable along the Ways 43 by means of a connecting link 45. The link 45 in turn pivotally engages an arm or crank 46, yby preference keyed to a shaft 47 which is rotatably journaled in the housing 44. A rotary movement of the shaft 47 impartsl a sliding movement to the carrier 42, Which operates as a crosshead under influence of the link4'5. -Byy this provision, the effective tension or pressure eX- ertedY by the governor-opposing spring may be varied, due to the'fact that this'force must act through the lever 37 to oppose the 'eentrifugal effect of the governorweights. By moving the fulcrum point 41 in order relatively to shorten'or increase tlierespective lever arms, the spring force opposing the governor, is varied. VIt Willbe apparent that by this provision, the speed setting of the governor may be 'readily and Ainstantaneously controlled through any desired limits. In

order to'eifect a gradual acceleration of theengine during certain periods of the drilling motion, a novel cyclic movement of the engine speed changing mechanism is provided for.

The spring 39 is attached at one end by means of the pin 40, to tlielever 37, While the opposite end of the spring is pivotally secuied by means of a pin 48 to a rocking arm 49 movable about a pin 50 Which is journaled in fixed position in the housing 44. This arm is oscillated about its pivot 50 by means of the following mechanism. A link 51 is connected at one end to the arm 49 by means of a pivot pin 52, and its opposite end is at-l tached by means of a like pin 53 to a link 54, whichis connected to a. crank 55 keyed to a shaft 56 extending through the housing 44, to the outside thereof. It Will be app-arent that the movement of the pin 53 is controlled by movement of the crank 55. An oscillating arm 57 is keyed to a shaft 58, which is journaled in, and extends to the outside of the housing 44. The oscillating arm is provided with a guide slot 59 in which the pin 53 slides. The shaft 58 is given, as Will hereinafter more clearly appear, a predetermined oscillating movement in timed relation With movement of the band Wheel. It Will be readily seen that the oscillating movement of K the arm 57 may be utilized for gradually increasing and decreasing the tension of the spring 39 on the lever 37. Butthe ultimate tension imparted to this spring during each revolution of the band wheel, depends upon the extent or range of the oscillating movement of linkl 51. It Will be seen that the range of movement of link 51 is varied by moving the pin 53 by means of the crank 55 to a. position remote from the shaft 58, Where the maximum oscillation of link 51 occurs.

The movement of link 51 may be reduced to zero or to a minimuim by movement of the r pin 53 to a point close to the shaft 58 Where no appreciable oscillation of the arm 57 is transmitted tothe spring. By this provision the extent of the cyclic movement of the oscillating arm and spring, may be gradually increased or reduced or these members may be put entirely out of action, as desired. It

will be apparent that a selective drilling moi present, preferred example the described mechanism is enclosed in ahousing 44, which is adapted to contain a supply of lubricant, and the parts of the device are so arranged as to be readily accessible for replacement and repair purposes.

The connecting linkage for effecting the cyclic movement,A .and theV remote control means for such linkage, are more clearly shown in Fig. 1. An oscillating movement is Vnormally imparted to the *shaft 58 by meansof a crank arm 60, or the equivalent, operatively related to a crank'l` WhichV is ldriven by the band Wheel 13. The crank 61 is operatively connected to a rocker 62, by

means of a link 63. This rocker is pivotally mounted on la suitable support`90 by means of a pin 91 (Fig. 5), and the opposite end portions of the rocker being connected respectively to cords orl cables 64 and 65.

These cables are attached, by preference, to

above, and due to the above connection, oc-

curs in timed relation With the movement of the band Wheel. y

The operation of crank by the band Wheel Will be apparent if the connection con' stituted by the paired cables 64 and 65, be considered as that of a connecting rod or other equivalent rigid connection, with' which the cranks 61 and 60 would of course operate in unison, the rotary movement of crank 61, serving to effect a .periodic reciprocation of crank 60, with the result ofperi- Y odically varying the loading of the governor spring 39, and consequently varying at the L same time,the engine speed. The control shaft 56 is actuated by means ofcrank arm.-

69 which is connected to a rocker 70, by means of a link 71. for controlfpurposes, by cords or cables 72 and 73 attached. to opposite end portions of the rocker, the cables being actuated, for.

example, by means of -a hand lever 75 which is operatively associated with a grooved pulley or the like, engaging the cables 7 2 and 73. This remote control is disposed, by preference, close .to the drill hole and may be mounted,for example, on the usual headache post. It Willjbe obvious that rotation of the1lever75 transmitted through cables 72 and` 73, imparts an incomplete rotation tothe shaft 5,6, which serves to vary the range of regularcyclic speed change, as Will appear from the-preceding description of parts Within l the governor case.'4 The speed control shaft 47 is .actuated by a grooved Wheel 76 Which is keyed orsuitably secured to the'shaft outside the gov.-

ernor case. Cordsvor cables'77 and 78 operatively engage the grooved Wheehand are Y This rocker is actuated.

directed over pulleys 79 to a grooved pnl-5 ley or the like (not shown) Which is operatively related to a remote control Wheel 74,-

this Wheel with `its associated pulley being preferably mounted on theheadache post,"""

adjacent to, butV independently of the con trol 75. It Will appearas obvious, that conj. trol movement of the Wheel 74 is imparted through cables 77 and l78 and vvvlieel 76,' to' vary the setting of the movable fulcrum"` 41 in a manner toeffect a change inthe loadingv of spring 39. The Wheel 74: thus provides a inanualcontrol for effecting instantaneous engine speed changes, 'apart from the control facilities provided by actuation of hand lever 75, although these controls, as Will appear from Fig. 2, are usually to an extent interdependent in result. It will be apparent, hoivever,-that when the oscillatory movement of link 51 is nullitied by movement of lever 75, the engine speed is brought entirely under the influence of Wheel 74, operating to shift the fulcrum 41. By means of the above described controls, any desired drilling motion or speed of the engine may be attained at any time, to insure an efficient and simple operating assembly. i

In the preferred example, the drilling motion is attained by the above described band wheel connection, and it is apparent that, due to such a connection, the drilling motion of the engine and band Wheel,`due to alternate increase and decrease in loading of the spring 39, is the result of gradual control change, the tension of the spring being gradually increased to the'maximum depending on the setting of the drilling motion, and gradually is again reduced. By employing a crank 61 or some equivalent means of translating the rotary motion of the band Wheel to the reciprocation or oscillation of link 51, it Will be seen that the rate of movement of link 51 is proportionate to the rate of movement of rod 63, and that this rate varies gradually between Zero and its maximum,y twice-per band Wheel revolution. This arrangement and result is in marked distinction from certain prevailing practices, such as shifting engine flyivheels, employing paired springs differentially loaded, etc. All such prevailing means for attaining a cyclic Speed control of the engine, operate abruptly, and serve to effect an undesirably sudden change in the engine control setting. It is apparent that no abrupt changes from a maximum to a .minimum are affected by using the control system described, but that it aords a siinple,.smoothly Working means for accomplishing'the desired instantaneous inotionwvithout resorting to the older methods. Y p lIt Will be seen that the drilling motion may be completely eliminated, as above described, by nullifying the oscillation of` link 51,

v, through the hand lever 75, and that under this condition, no cyclic acceleration and deceleration of the band Wheel will occur. Such a control setting is advantageous during pulling, bailing or the like, when a constant engine speed is desirable.

It will, of course, be understood that tne preferred governor control assembly herein described has been appliedfor clearness in description to a well drilling apparatus, and that any other application of the present improvement-s maybe made Without departing from the underlying principle of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

. 1. In combination with an engine and apparatus driven thereby, a speed-varying mechanism comprising a governor including a governor spring, and means,'operated by the driven apparatus, for periodically varying the loading of said governor spring.

2. In combination with an engine and apparatus driven thereby, a speed varying mechanism comprising a governor including aA` governor spring, and means constituting an operative connection between the driven apparatus and said spring, for varying the loading of said spring through each revolution of said driven apparatus.

In .combination With an engine and apparatus driven thereby, a speed varying mechanism comprising a governor including a .governor spring, a rocker shaft actuated by said driven apparatus,`and means for periodically, expanding and contracting said spring in response to actuation of said rocker shaft.

4. In combination vvith an engine and apparatus driven thereby, a kspeed varying mechanism comprising an engine governor including a governor spring, a rocker shaft actuated by said driven apparatus and arranged to rock or oscillate between predetermined limits, and means operatively associating said rocker shaft and spring, said means causing a variable, periodic actuation of said spring by said rocker.

' 5. In combination with an engine and apparatus driven thereby, a speed varying mechanism comprising an engine governor including a governor spring, a rocker member actuated by said ldriven. apparatus, and variable spring-loading means, connectedbetween said rocker and said spring.

6. In combination With an engine and apparatus driven there y, an engine speed varying mechanism, comprising a governor including a governor spring, a cont-rol m-ember operatively 'connected to said spring, rocker means for imparting a reciprocating movement to said member, means operatively connecting said rocker means to the driven apparatus, and means for controlling the movement of saidY spring operating member.

i 7. In combination with an engine and apparatus driven thereby, a cyclic speed varyingdevice for the engine, operatively associated with the driven apparatus, centrifugal engine-speed control means including a resilient member, and means arranged to be actuated by said drivenapparatus for periodically modifying the loading of said resilient paratus driven thereby, acyclic-spced-co-ntrol mechanism for tlieengine, operatively connected with a rotatable member, of the driven apparatus, a governor, including a governor spring, a. rocker actuated by said driven member, a link connecting said rocker and said governor spring and means for mov ing said link to vary the maximum loading of said spring, irrespective oi the movement ot' said rock-er` i v 9. In combination With anengine and apparatus driven thereby@ governor assembly' associated with the engine and driven apparatus, a governor spring, Ya pivoted rocker, means for actuating said rocker from the driven apparatus, a link connecting the rocker and governor spring, and manually actuated means for varying the distance relation ot said link, With respect to the pivot for said rocker.

10. In an assembly incluoiiig an engine and apparatus driven thereby, a governor including a governor spring, a pivoted rocker, means for actuating said rocker from the driven apparatus, link operatively connecting the rocker and governor spring, and manually7 actuated means for moving a portion of the link and controlling the range of actuation of said link by said rocker.

11. In a governor assembly for an internal combustion engine, an engine-driven shaft having a hollow ption, centrifugal Weight members carried by said shaft, a governor spindle movable endivise under influence oie said Weight members and extending partly Within and partly outside of the hollow poition of said shaft, a tension spring extensible in opposition to movement of said spindle, a lever connecting said spindle and one end of said spring, a fulcrum for said lever, manually actuated means for displacing said tulcrum with respect to said lever, a movable link connected to the opposite end oi*l said spring, and control means for varying the loading ot said spring, through movement oi said link.

12. In a governor assembly tor an internal combustion engine, a case for the assembly, a hollow governor drive shaft, governor Weights carried thereby, a governorspindle having a. portion axially movable Within the governor shaft under centrifugal influence ot said Weights, and a portion projecting end- Wise of the governor shaft, a collar on said portion, a connection from said collar to the case for preventing rotation of the collar, a spring arranged in opposition to speedresponsive movement ot said spindle, a lever operatively disposed between said spring and spindle, and pivotally connected torsaid collar, a ulcrum in rolling engagement with said lever, a pair of spaced fulcriim guide members, mounted in parallel relation, a pair of spaced ulcrum-guide members, mounted in parallel relation in the case, and arranged bridgingly to receive the Julcrum in movable combustion engines, a"'rotata`ble governor drive shaft,- governor Weights, a governor spindleV having a 'portion axially movable' Within the governor shaft, a tension spring tending to oppose an endWise movement ot said spindle, a klever arranged operatively to connect said spring and spindle, a movable fulcrum for said lever, a manually controlled crank arranged to displace said tulcrum relative to said lever, a control shaft, and means connecting said shaft and spring, adapted upon actuation of said shaft, to vary the,

loading of `said spring.

14. An assembly including an engine, connected driven apparatus, a governor including a governor spring, means actuated by said driven apparatus, for periodically varying the loading of said spring, a lever connecting said governor and governor spring, a movable fulcrum for said lever and means for manually moving said fulcrum.

15. In an assembly including an engine,

engine driven apparatus, a governor associated with the engine, and including a governor spring, means actuated by said driven apparatus, for effecting a cyclic variation in the loading of said spring, and manual control means for said governor and including a lever and a fulcrum lmember movable along said lever, said tulcrum being movable independently of said cyclic controlmeans,

16. In drilling apparatus, an internal combustion engine, a bandvvheel driven by the engine, a governor for said assembly including a governor spring, means driveny by the band Wheel adapted periodically to vary the loading of said spring, and means for manually controlling the loading of said spring and including a lever connecting the governor and governor spring, a movable tulcrum for said lever and a remote controlelement for actuating said movable ulcrum.

17. In drilling apparatus including a band Wheel, an internal combustion engine operatively connected to said band Wheel, an engine governor including aspring, means moved Wheel, a lever arranged operatively` to `con-` nect said spring with a displaceable portion of said governor, a fulcrum for said lever,

a crank and crank shaft arranged for rota-`v tion to shift said fulcrum along said lever,

and manual control means associated With `said crank and crank shaft and disposed for ein Cil adapted to Vary the position of one end of said link, remote control operating means associated with said second rocker shaft, a lever connecting said spring With a rotatable, end- Wise-displaceable portion orn said governor, a movable ulcrum for said lever, and an additional rocker shaft operatively associated With said fulcruni and adapted to permit a manual variation of. the loading of said spring independently of the inuence of said irst and second rockers.

GEORGE OETZEL.

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