US250346A - Nail-cutting machine - Google Patents

Description

, (No Model.) 6 sheets-sheet 1; J. COYNB.

I NAIL CUTTING MACHINE,

No. 250,346. Patented- Deo. 6,1881.

LIIILEEEES..

uns murunogmpm. wuningfan. n4 a (No Model.) 6 sheetssheet z.

J. COYNE.

NAIL CUTTING MACHINE.

10,250,346l Patented 1m. 6,1881.

- LILESSES.. IIUJEFDFL.

y. fr fama@ JM VM N. PUKRS. Phlvumognpher. wmninmen. n. c

(No Model.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. GOYNB. n

NAIL CUTTING MACHINE.

, Mm -Pa.tented Deo. 6,1881.

(No Model.) 6 sheets-#sheen 4.

J. GOYNE.

NAIL CUTTING MACHINE.` No. 250,346. latented 1300.6,1-88-1.

N. PEYERS, PhnlerLilhagnpher. wuhingnm D. C.

(No Model.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 5. J. GOYNE. NAIL CUTTING MACHINE.

Patented 1366.631881.

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N. PETERS. Phelvumegnpher. wammgmmp. C.

6 Sheets- Sheet 6.

(No Model.)

J. COYNE. NAIL CUTTING MACHINE.

Patented Deo. 6,1881.

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N. PETERS. Phmlimngnpmr. washingmn. E4 c.

linnen STATES PATENT erica.

JOHN GOYNE, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

NAIL-CUTTING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 250,346, dated December 6, 1881.

Application filed December 16, 1880.

To all whom it may concern Beit known that I, JOHN GoYNE, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Nail-Cutting Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and'exact description thereof.

My invention relates to the improvement of that class of nail-cutting machines commonly known to the trade as the Reed 7 or American7 machine, in which the heading-lever is actuated by the cutting-lever; and it consists in certain modifications and improvements of the several parts ot' the machine.

The machine in common use for cutting nails has remained substantially unchanged for the past seventy years, and it is the object of my invention to remedy certain defects in its construction and operation.

For greater clearness I will take up these various points seriatt'm, describing the prior construction of each detail and its faults, and then describe my improved constructiomwhereby I remedy the defect. In this way the construction and operation ot' my improved machine will be fully described.

1n the drawings, (six sheets,) Figures l and 2 are perspective views ot' my improved machine. Fig. 3 is a view ofthe three operative levers, illustrating their relative positions in the machine. Fig. 4L is a view of the transverse arms of the griping-lever, partly in section, to show the construction of one ofthe center bushings and itslubricating ports. Fig. 5 is a side view of the heading-lever, showing the attachment of the heading-die. Fig. 6 is a view illustrating the application to my improved machine of a self-feeder actuating attachment. Fig.7 is a sectional view, showing 4o theconnection ofthe pitman to the crank-pin of the long arm of the cutting-lever. Fig. S is a perspective view, showing the attachment of the nail-selector. Figs. 9 and 10 are sectional views of the friction-plates and their sockets. Fig. 1I is a vertical longitudinal sectional dia gram ofthe machine on the linexxof Fig. l2, illustratingthearrangementof the parts. Fig. 12 is a plan diagram.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each.

As heretofore constructed the heading-lever (No model.)

was in form like a long arch turning on an inwardly-projecting center or journal at each end, the distance between which averaged about twenty-eight inches. The heading-die was placed at the centerof the arch, and power was communicated to the heading-lever from the short arm of the cutting-lever workingvertically through a link against'a projectinglug or horn on the back of the heading-lever. lhe objection to this construction was that the strain of the work of heading the nail, coming on the heading-lever at the middle of its long arch, caused it to spring while upsetting the head, and thus prevented its delivering the full strength ot' its blow at the instant it struck the nail-blank,and also produced strain on all parts of the lever and its bearings, which in time causedl breakage. Another defect was that4 the power to operate the heading-lever was applied to it against a long horn or projection, extending upward and backward from it over the short arm ot' the cutting-lever by means, as stated, of a link extending up from the cutting-lever and bearing against the said horn. The distance between the end of the heading-die and the point on the projection to which the power was applied was comparatively great, and as the heading-lever in its movement described the arc of a circle struck from its centers, the power was applied tangentially. The effect of the great distance between the end of the heading-die and the point where the power was applied thus tangentially caused another springing of the heading-lever, which aided to produce the had effects mentioned, and also frequently caused the breaking off of the horn or projection to which the power was applied.

Now, referring to the drawings, 1 represents the bed, and 2 the heading-lever, which has a short transverse arm, 3, having bushing-chambers 4 in each end, in which the centers 5, upon which it vibrates, are placed. These centers 5 are placed inside of the bed, and the average distance between them in thevvarious sizes of my machine is tive inches. It is apparent that there can be no spring in the heavy castingin this distance. The centers 5 of the headinglever are situated almost directly below the griping-dies of the machine and directly under that side of the dies against which thehead IOO of the nail is upset. The heading-die 6 is secured in a V-shaped recess, 7, in the headinglever by means of a U-strap and set-screw 8, and the power is applied to the lever from the short arm 9 of the cutting-lever 1() by means of a toggle, 11, working in hushed sockets 12. The toggle 11 bears against the levers in a vertical plane, which,if continued, would bisect the center of the heading-die 6. The toggle 11 is a single toggle, being a short arm placed between the extremity of the short arm of the cutting-lever and the outward extremity of the heading-lever, and having a bearing by ball-and-socket joint in each. When the machine is not operating to head a nail, and the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1, the position of the toggle-arm 11 is (as shown in Fig. 1)inclining downward and outward from the heading-lever to the cutting-lever. Now, as the forward extremity or short arm of the cutting-lever rises, its extremity traverses the path ofa circular arc, carrying with it one end of the toggle-arm 11, and in so doing turns it in its bearing in the griping-lever notonly, but also brings the short toggle-arm 1l to a horizontal position in line with the axis of the headinglever, and by so doing communicates the necessary movement, hereinafter described, to the heading-lever, of decreasing rapidity and increasing force.

The movement of the toggle is such as to cause the heading-die to deliver a nearly direct blow or thrust on the blank. As during the forward motion the toggle approaches a horizontal position, the power of the heading-lever increases, and the force chan ges from a blow to acrushing or compressive one, and effects not only the simple upsetting but also the compacting or compression of the end of the blank, producing an exceedingly strong, compact, and polished head. The blow is also easier on the griping-dies, being, as it were, cushioned, the movement ofthe die decreasing in velocity and increasing in power asit approaches the end of its stroke, and completes the upsetting and compression ofthe head. The power being applied directly t0 the lever itself at a point comparatively near to the end of the heading-die, no spring of the lever in this particular occurs, and the danger of breakage is reduced to aremote contingency.

As heretofore generally used, the gripin glever was straight, extending in a right line across the bed of the machine, and the heading-lever extended up over it bythe long arch I have mentioned, passing under the cuttinglever which was arched upward at the right side of the cutting-dies, to permit its passage. I form my griping-lever with adiagonal archthat is, an arch which extends both upward and backward. The purpose of this is to permit the placing of the short journaled heading-lever 2 in the position described, in the middle of the bed under the griping-dies, so as to have a direct and unyielding action on the blank. .Another advantage of this construction is that An- 7o weight of the frame ot' the machine, and ena- 75 bles more machines to be placed in'a given space.` This is a very important point.

In the prior machine referred to the outer end of the heading-lever was journaled outside of the bed-plate. A The stationary tools of 8o the machine were mounted in a heavy solid. stationary head, 46, on the bed-plate, and the heading-lever was parallel thereto, and when at the limit of its stroke came into close proximity to it. ,The result of this was thatif a piece of scrap or other hard substance fell down between the stationary head and the heading-lever, the latter was almost invariably broken. The space between these two parts averaged about three-sixteenths of an inch, and

this was a fruitful cause of breakage. In 1ny machine, the heading-lever being arranged and journaled within the bed and under the griping-dies, this dangeris completely obviated.

To prevent the nails as they fall from the dies from getting between the end of the transverse arm of the heading-lever and the bedplate 1, I chamber out-the bed-plate, as at 28, Fig. 11, and enter the short end of the transverse arm 3 into it, so that it shall act as a :no

shield and close the vertical space between the two parts eifectually to the falling nail. The

lresult of the nails getting in there might be to wedge the heading-lever, and by preventing its retraction cause the heading-die to be struck by the moving knife.

I form a lug, 14, Figs. 3 and 11, on the back side of the transverse arm 3 of the heading-lever 2, which serves the double purpose of affording a bearing for the spring 15, which, 1ro

pressing down on the said lug, retracts the lever, and of striking the pin 16, which communicates a vibration to the nail-assorter. The spring 15 is attached to the bed at 90, Fig. 12,

directly under the right-hand center, 5, ofthe cutting-lever.

' I form my cutting-lever 10 with a regular, or nearly regular, transverse arch between its centers 5, instead of the irregular arch at the right side of the moving knife of the prior construc- 12o tion referred to, and the result is that its rigidity is increased, the total length of the lever is shortened, and a saving of material effected.

The power to operate the cutting-lever, and

through its short arm 9 the heading-lever, is 125 communicated from the power-shaft 20 to the., long arm 17 of the cutting-lever by ieans of the crank-pin 13 and pitman 19, attached to wrist 18 on the long arm 17 of the cuttinglever.

1n the prior machine referred to the journalbrasses were flush with the faces of the pitman, and the effect of this was that the entire Yside of the-pitman-brasschambers 21 bore against the face of the crank-disk 22 and lever .17, producing great friction, wear, and loss of power. I make my brasses 23 with a flange, 24, at one end, and provide the chamber 21 with a recess, 25, at its inner end, of such depth,

duced to a minimum.

In the prior construction referred to the .thrust of the link which communicates the power from the cutting-lever to the headinglever is vertical, while the movement of the.

heading-lever is -in the arc of a circle. The result is that the bushing of the right-hand center of the cutting-lever is Worn oblong, which tends to disalign the cutting-lever, de-

stroys the accuracy of the bearing of the righthand center in its bushing, produces shackly motion, and therebyimpairs the accuracy ofthe machine and increases the wear of its parts. In my machine the force of the toggle is nearly in a line with the right-hand center of the cutting-lever, instead of at right angles thereto, and this causes an even Wear of the bushing and obviates the evils mentioned.

In said priormachinetheliiik wasnot bushetl, and rapid wear was the result. In my machine I provide the sockets 12 of the toggle l1 with bushings of any suitable material, (preferably phosphor-bronze,) which, being replaceable when Worn, will save the wearing and consequent destruction of the lever-castings and reduce the friction of the machine.

Each lever is provided with female conical center bushings, 29, in which the conical centers 5 have their bearing. In the old machine these bushings were lubricated by an oil-hole bored transversely through the side of the lever and bushing into the center; but owing to the close contact of the center with its bush, little, if any, of the oil got in, and the lubrication Was very imperfect. In a short time the Wear resultingfrom the excessive friction would loosen the bush and permit it to turn in its chamber, and thereby close the oil-hole and shut off the supply of oil completely.

I construct the bushing-chamber 4 deeper than the bushing 29 and provide the bushing with several (preferably three) holes, 31, extending longitudinally from its smaller or inner end to and opening into the conical` seat 32. I also make an oil-hole, 33, through the hole 33. The oil passes from the oil-chamber 34, through the holes 31, to the conical end of the center 5 and lubricates it perfectly, thereby diminishing friction, heating, and wear. As the bearing of the center 5 is horizontal, the central hole, 29X, would not suffice to furnish oil for lubrication, especially as the conical extremity of the center 5 has very little m0- tion. To overcome this difficulty I make three ports, 3l, to one side of the center of the bushing, through which the oil enters from the oilspace in rear of the bushing, which is left by the taper of the conical bushing, preventing its passing down to the bottom of lthe recess made to receive it. The central hole, 29)?, is, therefore, not designed to serve as an oil-port, but is tapped with a screw-thread for the purpose ofinserting a tool with a screw on its extremity to extract the bushing When it is desired to remove it.

In all prior machines having the fly or balance wheel fixed outside of the left-hand sustaining post or upright, 36, the Weight of this wheel rotating in this position, added to the pull of the belt,which in American practice is invariably downward,tends to Wear down the journal next to the fly-wheel faster than the opposite one.' The disalignment of the shaft 20 thus produced caused a heating of the crankpin 13 by iinpairing its parallel bearing in the pitinan 19, and made the crank-disk 22 sometimes to rub against the. pitman 19, necessitating such play in the bearings 23 as to greatly impair the efficiency of the machine. To overcome these difticulties I have located the flywheel 35 inside the support 36 and moved the rear arm, 37, of the griping-lever more to the middleof the shaft2() and indirect line with the work. By this arrangement I maintain a perfect alignment of thev shaft, applying the momentum or impulse of the balance-Wheel directly to the work instead of at one side of it, as heretofore.

In the prior machine the griping-lever is retracted or caused to follow its operative cam bythe aid of a spiral or leaf spring. 1n either case the spring exerts a pressure on the cam during the time of the griping of the nail of from ,two hundred to five hundred pounds. This pressure or load is in addition to the legitimate load of the machine, and as the disvtance through which the lover is lifted will average about six inches and thel number of times about two hundred and fifty per minute, the waste of power is considerable, and the machine is worn by the unnecessary friction. The springdoes not retract the lever as promptly as the cam leaves it, which causes a pounding of the griping-lever on the cani. This pounding and resultant vibration in time crystallize the iron and cause the shaft and lever to break. These various difculties I have overcome in my machine by yoking the rear arm, 37, of the griping-le'ver to the cam 38, as shown in Fig. 9, so that the griping-lever, after being brought into action by its cam and re- IOO IOS

IIS

tained in that position while the nail-blank is being held by the gripers, is withdrawn by a sudden and positive motion, yet without jar, at the moment that the movable cutter has severed the blank. The yoke 39 is a band of iron, steel, or other suitable material ot' sufcient rigidity to secure the proper definite action of the griping-lever, although absolute rigidity is not necessary. The shape of this cam-yoke is an irregular ellipsoidal curve of such contour thatthe cam begins to bear against the yoke at the moment (shown in Fig. 9) when the regularly-curved portion of the cam-face, which is farthest from the center of motion, ceases to bear against the friction-plate, and immediatelywithdrawsthegriping-lever. This contact of the canryoke and cam continues and operates to draw back the lever with a steady but rapid motion until the cam again commences to bear against the friction-plate to raise the lever, and operates the same,whether the machine is run backward or forward.

I have been th us particular in describing this device,as I have been unable in any other way to effect the retraction of the griping-lever 'without the pounding action before referred to, which has hitherto been characteristic of nail-cuttin g machinery of the class referred to.

The friction-plate 40, which is embraced by the cam-yoke 39 and bears on the cam 38, is of novel construction. It is placed in a slot or socket, 41, which, being longer than it is, permits of its adjustment by means of a setscrew. 42, and liners 43. This enables it to be moved forward or backward in the slot4l just as it may be desired to have it receive the stroke ofthe cam 38 sooner or later. It may, if desired, be made in two pieces, as shown at 44, Fig. 10, and then by inserting a liner, 43, between the two pieces it can be caused to bear longer on the cam, and thus not leave it so soon. The free ends ot' the yoke 39 are turned over at right angles on the upper part of the friction-plate, for the purpose ot' taking up any play that may exist between the yoke and the cam, as shown in Fig. 9.

The stationary head or tool-box in the prior machine has the sides, in which the set-screws are located, very frequently broken off. This was owing to a weakness in the casting which was caused by this part remaining Huid the longest, or being the last part of the casting to cool. The parts first or most quickly cooled possess the greatest strength. I secure the rapid cooling ofthe stationary head 46 in my machine by locating' a large core in this part, forming a large cavity, 30, Fig. 11, in the casting. This reduces the amount of meta-l and at the same time obtains greater tenacity, solidity, and strength in this part than could be obtained if it was cast a solid mass, as heretofore. The breaking of this part often leads to an expense of from seven ty-tive dollars to two hundred dollars per machine, withoutcounting the loss of time, which is generally over a week.

In the prior machine various caps and other contrivances have been used to advance the centers of the levers; but these devices are cumbersome and inconvenient, necessitating sev,- eral bolts and scrap, wood, or other packing to keep them in position. To overcome this ditculty I have constructed a cap, 47, held to the bed-plate with a collar-bolt, 48, and with a set-screw, 49, to advance the center. When the center is to be withdrawn from the machine it is only necessary to slack the collar-bolt and the cap will swing completely out of the Way. This device is complete, convenient, and effective.

The nipper-cam/S)I works against duplicate friction-plates 83, Fig. ll, similar to the friction-plates 44, Fig. '10. These friction-plates 83 are placed in the end of the nipper rockshaft 84 and bear against the cam S2. These parts operate in the usual way.

In the prior construction referred to a small set-screw was inserted in the forehead of .the cutting-lever opposite tothe center-of the gageslot, for the purpose of limiting the forward advance of the spring-gage or carrier-guide, which regulated the iced of the. machine. In this position this set-screw was an obstruction and necessitated the location ot' the moving knife-screw over the corner of the knife instead of over its center. I have overcome this diculty by the construction shown in Fig. 6, in which the spring-gage 5() is pivoted in the gage-slot 5l' by a screwclamp,52,in the crosshead 53. The point 54 of the gage 5U comes just under the edge of the knife 55, which is always fed or set to the gage. The gage is held forward by the spring 56, which is inserted in the slot 5I back of it. The backward movement of the gage is limited by the screw 57, and itsforward movement by the screw 58, by the latter of which I am enabled to bring the point 54 of the gage flush with the front side of the knife 55. The gage may be adjusted vertically in the slot by means of the screw-clamp 52. I prefer to use a lock-nut on the screw 5S, to guard against accidental movement.

` In the use of the machine the nail-plate 59 is fed against the point of the spring-gage, as shown in Fig. 6, and this causes the gage 'to be pressed back until it comes in contact with the screw 57, which is properly adjusted to secure the required width of nail, and then the moving knife descends and makes its cut. The cut blank is held by the spring-gage against the tools in the stationary head 46 (at the point 60 in Fig. 1I) as the knife 55 pushes it down into the griping-dies, and for this reason the gage is also called a carrier-guide. The moving knife 55 is adjusted in the head by means of the adjusting-screw 61.

Great difficulty has heretofore been experienced in making effective attachments of self- IOO lIO

feeding devices to the former construction of 13o nail-machines. I have constructed my Inachine with special reference to this feature.

When itis desired to make such an attachment I place an oscillating arm or rock-shaft, 62, beneath the bed-plate l and fulcrum it in suitable journals in lugs 63, cast on the bedplate near the center of the machine. The rear end of the rock-shaft 62is connected by a pitman, 64, or other suitable device, to a crank-shaft, 65, rotatingin journals 66, situated in the base of the main-shaft supports 36. The shaft receives its motion from a toothed gear-wheel, 67, placed on the main shaft 20, between the belt-pulley 68 and the post or upright 36. It has a gear-wheel, 69, of double the diameter and number ot' teeth ofthe gearwheel 67, so that the crank-shaft 65, which actuates the self-feeder rock-shaft, shall only make one-haltl the number of revolutions that the main shaft does. The forward end ofthe rock-shaft 62 is to be connected by a ball-andsocket or other suitable joint, 70, to a pitman, 71, or other suitable connection to the selffeeding device.

The purpose of my above construction is to furnish a simple, effective, and reliable power attachment for the feeder. The feeder requires to be turned over in order to turn the nailplate 59 one-half a revolution at every stroke of the knife 55, and it is caused to be so turned on the upstrolie of the pitman 71, and then turned back again at the downstroke. Thus one oscillation of the rock-shaft 62 supplies the proper power to turn the nail-plate over and back, and enable it to be properly presented lto the knife 55 at two consecutive strokes of said knife, and for this reason the crank-shaft 65 is required to make only one revolution while the main shaft 20 is making two revolutions.

I do not represent any self-feeding device in this application, but merely show a power attachment which will enable any one of anumber of known self-feeding devices to be applied to the machine.

The journals of the self-feeder crank-shaft 66 are held down by a conical-pointed binding-screw, 82, (see Fig. 11,) placed in the standards or housing, and bearing on the upper brass, S3, thereby doing away with journalcaps. In case the screw S2 is put in horizontally, the top of the brass S3 should be inclined or beveled to produce the same result. The said screw may be inserted vertically from below and bear on the lower brass, but in all cases it passes through the housings.

I have also devised improved means of attachin g the nail-separator and its agitating device to the machine.A I attach by a suitable bolt, 72, tothe under side of the machine a bracket, 73, havingr a suitable grooved face,in which, by means of the clamp 74, I fasten the supporting-rods 7 5 of the separator 76. The agitator 77 is supported by another bracket, 78, in which it is loosely pivoted, being fastened by a set-screw, 7 9. The other end rests loosely in the angle-socket 80 on the rear end of the vibrating rod of the separator. rEhe agitator receives its motion through the vertical rod 16, which, projecting -into the path of the heading-lever 2, is struck by the under side of the lug 14, Fig. 11, and communicates the jar so received to the separator. The rod 16 is fastened to the rod 77 by aright--angled joint, 81, which is adjustable and can-be set in any position on the rod 77. This construction of the attachmentdevices is more convenient and out of the way than that heretofore used, and renders the operation of the separator more perfect, as it secures to it the full benefit of thejar ofthe nail-machine.

What I claim as my invention,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is the following-described improvements in that class of cut-nail machines in which the cutting-lever actuates the heading-lever, viz:

1. The arrangement of a diagonally-arched griping-lever, with a heading -lever pivoted centrally below the griping-dies, so as to operate within the diagonal arch of the griping-lever, substantially as described, for the purpose of securing rigidity and certainty of action of the heading-lever and greater compactness 0f construction.

2. The single toggle-arm 11, seated by balland-socketjoints in and between the extremity of the short arm of the cutting-lever and the extremity of the heading-lever at an angle to the axis of the latter, so that when the short arm of the former is raised it communicates a rapidly-decreasing movement to the headinglever by bringing the toggle-arm in line with the axis of the heading-lever, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a heading-lever having a short transverse arm, a toggle for communicating a forward movement to said lever,

a lug on the transverse arm of the lever, and a spring bearing on said lug for retracting the lever, substantially as described.

4:. rlhe combination,with the arm of the griping-lever and cam for operating the same, of the divided bearing composed of the cam-friction plates adjustable to and from each other tovary the length of time of contact between the cam and griping-lever, substantially as specified.

5. The combination of the rear arm of the griping-lever and the cam 38 on the main shaft with an ellipsoidal cam-yoke, constructed substantially as shown, for the purpose of communicating the peculiar required intermittent motion to the lever, substantially as described.

6. In the combination of a moving cutter having spring-gage pivoted in its rear, an adjusting-screw to the cutter, and a stop device to limit the forward movement of the gage, the arrangement of the stop device`back of the gage so as to permit of the location of the adjusting-screw centrally to the cutter, substantially as described.

7. The arrangement, in a cut-nail machine, of a rock-shaft pivoted below the bed for communicating power to a self-feeding device, and

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operated by powerfrom the main shaftthrough the nail-separating device, substantiaiily as de- [o the medium of shafting and gearing, substanscribed. tiaily as and for the purpose described. In testimony Whereot'I have hereunto setrny 8. In combination with a cut-nail machine, hand. 5 the bracket 73, for sustaining` and connecting a nail-separating device, substantially as de- JOHN COYNL" scribed. Witnesses:

9. In combination with a. cut-nail machine; rI. B. KEER, the bracket 78, for sustaining the agitator of T. W. BAKEWELL.

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