US841666A - Carpenter's square. - Google Patents

Description

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LLEVVELLYN WV. COLE, OF SOUTH SHAFTSBURY, VERMONT, ASSIGNOR TO EAGLE SQUARE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SOUTH SH AF TSBURY, VERMONT, A CORPORATION OF VERMONT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 22, 1907.

Application filed Tune 22, 1905. Serial No. 266.369.

To all w/wml it 11i/(ry con/cern:

Beit known that I, LLEWELLYN W. COLE, a citizen of the United States, residing at South Shaftsbury, county of Bennington, and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters Squares, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to such improvements and it consists of the novel construction and combination of parts hereinafter described and subsequently claimed.

Reference may be had to the accompanying drawings, and the reference characters marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Similar characters refer to similar parts in the several figures therein.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a plan view of my improved carpenters square with portions of the body and tongue thereof broken away. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the end-of the body portion of theI square. Fig. 3 is a similar view of the portion of the body of the square which intervenes between the parts shown in Figs. l and 2.

The invention relates to artisans squares adapted for use in roof construction, which squares are provided on their surfaces with various data for use in laying out the roof structure.

In the drawings all suchdata is omitted, except that which bears directly upon the present invention.

The principal object of the invention is to facilitate the use of the square for marking upon jack and valley rafters the lines or angles of side cut of the same.

The angle of side cut of jack-rafters and valley-rafters for a given pitch of roof can be determined mathematically; but to save the time and labor involved in so doing in each individual case it is found desirable to make use of the ordinary carpenters square to lay out the line of side cut, the square being adapted for such use by data inscribed thereon directing theproper placing of the square upon the timber, so that one edge of the square will coincide with the line of side cut. This is done by placing the square upon the top or bottom of the timber with its corner overhanging one edge of the same and a predetermined point on the body of the square and a predetermined point on the tongue of the square coincident with said edge of the timber, said points being so located that when the square is so placed one of its edges will indicate or coincide with the proper line of side-cut. As heretoforepracticed, however, it has been customary in indicating the proper placing of the square for a desired side cut to refer the user to two of the graduation-marks on the tongue and body of the square, respectively, both of which marks differ for differing pitches.

In carrying out my invention I have provided data referring to the graduation-marks on the body of the square only for the various side cuts, all of which have a common relationship to a single position-mark on the tongue of the square.

In carrying out the invention in this manner I have found it necessary in providing for the accurate placing of the square to refer to graduation-marks indicating different fractional parts of an inch on the body of the square, which is usually marked off into spaces of one-sixteenth of an inch each.

To enable the user to quickly locate a desired graduation-mark, I have placed upon the square, in close association with each mark to be used in placing the square for the side cut of a jack-rafter, a sign or character common to all of such marks used in placing the square for side cuts of jack rafters of different pitch, and in like manner have also placed thereon in close association with each i.

mark to be used in placing the square for the side cut of a valley-rafter a different sign or character common to all of such marks used in placing the square for side cuts of valley- IOO a reference to the distance in inches and fractional parts of an inch from the corner of the square at which the sign indicating the proper point on the body `of the square is located. The user is thus directed by reference to the inch-numbers approximately to the proper point on the body of the square and finds it unnecessary to observe closely the fractional scale-marks, but selects the point fro 1n the association therewith of the peculiar sign which is'inuch i'nore conspicuous than the scale-marks and which the nature of the work directs him to look for.

Referring to the drawings, A is the body and B the tongue of the square, the edges of which are provided with scale-marks or graduation-marks in the usual manner, although for the purpose of the present invention the scale-marks on the tongue may be omitted,y

while those on the body of the square preferably divide the sa'ne into spaces of one-sixteenth of an inch each.

Any point upon the tongue of the square may be selected as the point to be used in connection with all of the different points indicated on the body of the square for properly7 placing the square to indicate the different lines of side cut.

I have thus arbitrarily selected the twelveinch mark on the tongue of the square.

I have also arbitrarily selected a caret to indicate points to be used in placing the square for laying out lines of side cut of jackrafters and an asterisk to indicate points to be used in placing the square for laying out lines of side cut of valley-rafters, and have therefore placed upon the tongue of the square adjacent to said twelve-inch mark both a caret and asterisk. as shown, although the saine may be omitted, because only a single point being used upon the tongue of the square familiarity with the use of the instru nient would render any such marking of said point. unnecessary.

In my improved square, as in other squares used for roof construction, the inchnumbers on the body of the square are used to indicate the rise for each twelve inches of run of the main rafters, and thus indicate the different pitches of roof. I therefore place in close association with the respective inchnumbers on the body of the square the integral and fractional numbers, arranged in a line extending longitudinally of the body of the square, indicating the distance in inches and fractional parts thereof from the corner of the square to the point where will be found the sign indicating the use of that point for placing the square to secure the desired angle of side cut. v

Two lines of such reference-numbers are shown in the drawings, one for the side cuts of jack-rafters, which are so entitled and also indicated by one or more carets, and the other for the side cuts of valley-rafters, which are so entitled and also indicated by one or more asterisks.

The manner in which the instrument is used is as follows :y The pitch-of the roof having been ascertained, for example, to be eightinch rise to twelve-inch run, there is found in close association with the inch-number 8,

indicating this pitch, in the proper line of reference, numbers 10%, (ten and three-sixteenths,) which indicates that to secure the proper side cut of the jack-rafters for said pitch of roof point on the body of the placing of the square for the different side cuts of jack-rafters or valley-rafters for roofs of different pitches, the reference-numbers in the upper line being used, as indicated, for the side cut of jack-rafters, and those in the lower line, as indicated, for the side cut of valley-rafters.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A carpenters square having, along the edge of its body, scale-marks indicating inches and fractional parts thereof, said inclirnarks being numbered consecutively, and having associated with said respective inchnumbers one set of integral and fractional numbers based upon the relationship of said respective inch-numbers to the unit of rise per unit of run of the main rafters and indieating different distances in inches and fractional parts thereof from the corner of the square to points in said scale to be used in connection with a common point on the tongue of the square to direct the proper placing of the square so that one of its members shall coincide with the proper lines of side cut for certain rafters for different pitches of roof, a plurality of said scale-marks at the indicated distances from the corner of the square having severally associated therewith similar distinguishing signs or characters, and having associated with said respective inchnumbers another set of integral and fractional numbers based upon the relationship of said respective inch-numbers to the unit of rise per unit of run of the main rafters and indicating different distances in inches and fractional parts thereof from the corner of the square to points in said scale to be used in connection with a common point on the tongue of the square to direct the proper placing `of the square so that one of its mem- `bers shall coincide with the proper lines of IOC IIO

side cut for certain other rafters for different y pitches of roof, a plurality of said scalemarks at the last-mentioned indicated distances from the corner of the square having signs or characters.

severally associated therewith similar distinguishing signs or characters differing from said iirstementioned signs or characters.

2. A carpenters square having along the edge of its body scale-marks indicating inches and fractional parts thereof7 said inch-marks being numbered consecutively, and having associated with said respective numbers integral and fractional numbers based upon the relationship of said respective inch-numbers to the unit of rise per unit of run of the main rafters and indicating different distances in inches and fractional parts thereof from the corner of the square to points in said scale to be used in connection with a common point on the tongue of the square to direct the proper placing of the square so that one of its members shall coincide with the proper lines of side cut for rafters for different pitches of roof, a plurality of said scale-marks at the indicated distances from the corner of the square having severally associated therewith similar distinguishing 3. A carpenters square having along the edge of its body scale-marks indicating inches and fractional parts thereof, said inch-marks being numbered consecutively, and having associated with said respective inch-numbers integral and fractional numbers based upon `the relationship of said respective inch-num bers to the unit of rise per unit of run of the main rafters and indicating different distances in inches and fractional parts thereof from the corner of the square to pointsin said scale to be used in properly placing the square so that one of its members shall coincide with the proper lines of cut for rafters for different pitches of roof, a plurality of said scale-marks at the indicated distances from the corner of the square having severally associated therewith similar distinguishing signs or characters.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto' set my hand this 13th day of June, 1905.

LLEWELLYN w. coLE.

Witnesses:

M. K. VIRGIL. B. E. SMART.

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