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Aslan balığı ( Azerbaijano )

fornecido por wikipedia AZ

Aslan balığı (lat. Pterois) — Şüaüzgəclilər sinfinin Scorpaenidae fəsiləsinə məxsus balıq cinsi. Bu balıq cinsinin uzunluğu 20 sm-dən (P. andover, P. antennata) 38 sm-ə qədər (zebr aslan balığı) ola bilər. İndo—Sakit okeanı ərazisində geniş yayılmışdır.[1]

Növləri

Aslan balığının 10 növü mövcuddur[1]:

İstinadlar

  1. 1,0 1,1 FishBase: SpeciesList of Pterois
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Систематический список позвоночных животных в зоологических коллекциях на 01.01.2012 // Андреева Т. Ф., Вершинина Т. А., Горецкая М. Я., Карпов Н. В., Кузьмина Л. В., Остапенко В. А., Шевелёва В. П. Информационный сборник Евроазиатской региональной ассоциации зоопарков и аквариумов. Выпуск №31. Том II. Межвед. сбор. науч. и науч.-метод. тр. / Под ред. В. В. Спицина. — М.: Московский зоопарк, 2012. — С. 210. — 570 с. ISBN 978-5-904012-37-3 PDF
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Aslan balığı: Brief Summary ( Azerbaijano )

fornecido por wikipedia AZ

Aslan balığı (lat. Pterois) — Şüaüzgəclilər sinfinin Scorpaenidae fəsiləsinə məxsus balıq cinsi. Bu balıq cinsinin uzunluğu 20 sm-dən (P. andover, P. antennata) 38 sm-ə qədər (zebr aslan balığı) ola bilər. İndo—Sakit okeanı ərazisində geniş yayılmışdır.

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original
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Pterois ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA
 src=
Il·lustració de l'any 1830

Pterois és un gènere de peixos marins verinosos pertanyent a la família dels escorpènids.[3]

Descripció

  • Tenen un parell d'aletes pectorals en forma de ventall.
  • La primera aleta dorsal té diverses espines verinoses i punxegudes.
  • Les seues morfologies i coloracions (dominades pel color marró i, de vegades, amb franges blanques al llarg del cos i les aletes) els ajuden a camuflar-se amb l'entorn.[4]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba, sobretot, als oceans Índic i Pacífic.[4]

Espècies

Observacions

Algunes de les seues espècies són populars com a peixos d'aquari.[4]

Referències

  1. Oken L., 1817. V. Kl. Fische. Isis (Oken) v. 8 (núm. 148). 1779-1782.
  2. uBio (anglès)
  3. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 ZipCodeZoo (anglès)
  5. Allen, G.R. & Erdmann, M.V., 2008. Pterois andover, a new species of scorpionfish (Pisces: Scorpaenidae) from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology, 13 (3-4): 127-138.
  6. Bloch, M. E., 1787. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlín. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 3: i-xii + 1-146, Pls. 181-216.
  7. Mandrytsa, S. A., 2002. A new species of the genus Pteropterus (Scorpaenidae, Scorpaeniformes) from the Indian Ocean. Voprosy Ikhtiol. v. 42 (núm. 1): 129-130.
  8. Temminck, C. J. & H. Schlegel, 1843. Pisces, Fauna Japonica Parts 2-4: 21-72.
  9. Bennett, J. W., 1828-1830. A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon. Londres. Fishes of Ceylon First Edition: i--viii + 30 unnumbered pp., Pls. 1-30.
  10. Freshwater, D. W., R. M. Hamner, S. Parham i A. E. Wilber, 2009: Molecular evidence that the lionfishes Pterois miles and Pterois volitans are distinct species. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science v. 125 (núm. 2): 39-46.
  11. Golani, D. i O. Sonin, 1992: New records of the Red Sea fishes, Pterois miles (Scorpaenidae) and Pteragogus pelycus (Labridae) from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 39 (núm. 2): 167-169.
  12. Smith, J. L. B., 1957. The fishes of the family Scorpaenidae in the western Indian Ocean. Pt. II. The subfamilies Pteroinae, Apistinae, Setarchinae and Sebastinae. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Núm. 5: 75-87, 2 pls.
  13. Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes, 1829. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome quatrième. Livre quatrième. Des acanthoptérygiens à joue cuirassée. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 4: i-xxvi + 2 pp. + 1-518, Pls. 72-99, 97 bis.
  14. Bennett, E. T., 1831. Pterois russellii novi species. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1): 128.
  15. Jordan, D. S. & B. W. Evermann, 1903. Descriptions of new genera and species of fishes from the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902): 161-208.
  16. Linnaeus, C., 1758. Tomus I. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii): (1-4), 1-824. [1]
  17. Fishelson, L., 2006: Evolution in action-peacock-feather like supraocular tentacles of the lionfish, Pterois volitans -- the distribution of a new signal. Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 75: 343-348.
  18. Hare, J. A. i P. E. Whitfield, 2004: An integrated assessment of the introduction of lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) to the Western Atlantic Ocean. NOAA Tech. Mem. NOS NCCOS Núm. 2: i-iv + 1-21.
  19. Schultz, E. T., 1986: Pterois volitans and Pterois miles: two valid species. Copeia 1986 (núm. 3): 686-690.
  20. Whitfield, P. E., T. Gardner, S. P. Vives, M. R. Gilligan, W. R. Courtenay, Jr., et al., 2002: Biological invasion of the Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans along the Atlantic coast of North America. Marine Ecology Progress Series v. 235: 289-297.
  21. BioLib (anglès)
  22. AQUATAB
  23. Catalogue of Life (anglès)
  24. Discover Life (anglès)
  25. World Register of Marine Species (anglès)
  26. UNEP-WCMC Species Database (anglès)


Bibliografia

  • Foy, Sally; Oxford Scientific Films, 1982. The Grand Design: Form and Colour in Animals. Lingfield, Surrey, la Gran Bretanya: BLA Publishing Limited for J.M.Dent & Sons Ltd, Aldine House, Londres. 238 p.
  • Kochzius, M., R. Söller, M. A. Khalaf i D. Bohm, 2003: Molecular phylogeny of the lionfish genera Dendrochirus and Pterois (Scorpeanidae, Pteroinae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution v. 28: 396-403.

Enllaços externs

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Pterois Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata  src= Podeu veure l'entrada corresponent a aquest tàxon, clade o naturalista dins el projecte Wikispecies.
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Pterois: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

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Perutýn ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ
Tento článek je o rodu Pterois. O rodu Dendrochirus pojednává článek Dendrochirus.

Perutýn (Pterois) je rod ryb z čeledi ropušnicovitých.

Popis

Mají prodloužené paprsky hřbetní a prsní ploutve. Je známo asi 10 druhů. Disponuje jedem, který je srovnatelný s jedem kober. Tento toxin způsobuje vážná zranění až smrt.

Areál rozšíření

Žijí v teplých mořích, Indickém a Tichém oceáně. Několik druhů se pro nádherné zbarvení chová v akváriích, například perutýn ohnivý, Pterois volitans, dorůstající délky až 35 cm.

Externí odkazy

Pahýl
Tento článek je příliš stručný nebo postrádá důležité informace.
Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně rozšíříte. Nevkládejte však bez oprávnění cizí texty.
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Perutýn: Brief Summary ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ
Tento článek je o rodu Pterois. O rodu Dendrochirus pojednává článek Dendrochirus.

Perutýn (Pterois) je rod ryb z čeledi ropušnicovitých.

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Dragefisk ( Dinamarquês )

fornecido por wikipedia DA

Dragefisk (latin: Pterois) er en slægt af fisk.

Udseende

 src=
Pterois volitans.

Dragefiskens hoved og krop er prydet med røde eller rødbrune tværstriber. Over øjnene er der nogle vedhæng, kaldet tentakler. Finnerne og de giftige pigstråler på ryggen har rødbrune og hvide tværstriber. Pigstrålerne bruger den til selvforsvar. Hvis den bliver truet, spreder den de giftige pigstråler imod fjenden. Dødsfald for mennesker er sjældne, men det er ubehageligt og smertefuldt at blive stukket. Almindelig dragefisk måler som voksen 30-38 centimeter, og vejer op til 1,2 kilo. Almindelig dragefisk er vanskelig at kende fra andre dragefisk. Men almindelig dragefisk har 13 giftige pigstråler på ryggen, mens alle andre kun har op til 12. Den kan skifte farve for at forvirre sine fjender.

Udbredelse

Dragefisk lever i tropiske og subtropiske have, herunder i det Indiske Ocean og i den vestlige del af Stillehavet. Man finder ved det sydlige Japan, Filippinerne, Indonesien, Ny Guinea, Australien og Salomonøerne. Dragefisken har etableret sig som invasiv art ved østkysten af USA og i Caribien, hvor den udgør en trussel mod det naturlige dyreliv.[1] Den lever hovedsageligt ved koralrev, men også langs lavvandede klippekyster, laguner, flodmundinger og havne. Den jager og er mest aktiv om natten. Om dagen gemmer den sig i revner og sprækker i klipper. I Danmark kan man se dragefisk i Danmarks Akvarium, i Kattegat Centeret i Grenå, samt i Randers Regnskov. Private holder dragefisk i saltvandsakvarier. Den er en kostbar akvariefisk og skattet og dyr spisefisk.

Føde

Når den jager fisk eller stimer af fisk, skjuler den sig mellem koraller eller i en revne i en klippe. Den bevæger sig ind i stimen og snupper en fisk i en mundfuld så hurtigt, at de andre fisk ikke når at opdage, hvad der foregår. Den kan derfor nå at snuppe flere fisk, uden at stimen bliver bange og flygter. Dragefisken behøver derfor ikke, at bruge gift på sine ofre. Den kan også jage på åbent vand, og det foregår ved, at den svømmer nær overfladen, og kaster sig over et skræmt bytte, som er på flugt fra andre rovfisk. Når den jager små skaldyr, svømmer den nær bunden, og roder op i sand og mudder med sine store finner. Det opskræmte bytte sluger den i én mundfuld.

Formering

Dragefisken lever alene det meste af året. Men samles, når de skal til at gyde i flokke, gerne med én han og 3-8 hunner. På det tidspunkt bliver hannerne mere mørke i farven, mens hunnerne bliver lysere, næsten sølvfarvede. Æggene lægges i klumper, der måler 2-5 cm i diameter. I hver af disse klumper finder man 2.000-15.000 æg. De klækkes efter få dage. Når ungen er kommet ud af ægget, lever den i frit vand og æder alger og dyreplankton. Dragefiskeunger vokser langsomt. Halvstore unger ligner voksne dragefisk, deres finner og pigstråde er bare meget lange. De får først den normale størrelse, når ungerne er helt voksne og kønsmodne. Som voksen søger fisken ned for at leve mellem koraller og klipper. Man ved ikke særlig meget om den almindelige dragefisks udvikling, altså hvor lang perioden fra unge til voksen varer, og hvor gammel den kan blive.

Eksterne links og henvisninger

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Dragefisk: Brief Summary ( Dinamarquês )

fornecido por wikipedia DA

Dragefisk (latin: Pterois) er en slægt af fisk.

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Wikipedia-forfattere og redaktører
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Feuerfische ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Feuerfische (Pteroinae), oft auch Rotfeuerfische, seltener Löwenfische (von der englischen Bezeichnung lionfish) genannt, sind Bewohner der Korallenriffe des tropischen Indopazifik und des Roten Meeres aus der Unterordnung der Drachenkopfverwandten (Scorpaenoidei). Sie sind durch ihre großen, fächerförmigen Brustflossen mit langen, fast freistehenden Brustflossenstacheln sehr auffällig. Die Färbung der Feuerfische wird von einem dichten Muster von rötlichen bzw. bräunlichen und weißen Querstreifen bestimmt und dient mit der konturenauflösenden Gestalt der Fische zur Tarnung. Sie sind kaum zu erkennen, wenn sie zwischen Acroporen, Bäumchen-Weichkorallen, Haarsternen, Gorgonenhäuptern, Federwürmern oder Kalkröhrenwürmern stehen.[1] Feuerfische werden je nach Art 12 bis über 40 Zentimeter lang. Der 1816 von G. Cuvier geprägte Name (

Verbreitung

Feuerfische leben in Fels- und Korallenriffen des tropischen Indopazifik und des Roten Meeres. Einige Arten haben ein sehr großes Verbreitungsgebiet, während andere, wie der Hawaii-Feuerfisch (Pterois sphex), endemisch nur in einer sehr kleinen Region leben. Jungfische trifft man auch in Mangroven. Fast alle Arten leben standorttreu, ausschließlich im Flachwasser, große Exemplare bevölkern oft Schiffswracks.

Zwei der Pterois-Arten, der Pazifische Rotfeuerfisch (P. volitans) und der Indische Rotfeuerfisch (P. miles), haben sich als invasive Arten auch im westlichen Atlantik, an der Ostküste der USA, von Florida bis New York und vor allem in der Karibik ausgebreitet. Ca. 93 % der invasiven Population im Westatlantik sind Pazifische Rotfeuerfische (P. volitans).[2] Dabei handelt es sich um Exemplare, die entweder von Aquarienbesitzern ausgesetzt wurden, oder die als Jungfische mit dem Ballastwasser von Schiffen eingeschleppt wurden. Der Indische Rotfeuerfisch (Pterois miles) ist inzwischen durch den Suezkanal in das südöstliche Mittelmeer eingewandert.[3][4] Die Art hat innerhalb eines Jahres fast die gesamte Südostküste von Zypern besiedelt (Stand 2016).

 src=
Pazifischer Rotfeuerfisch (Pterois volitans)
 src=
Strahlenfeuerfisch
(Pterois radiata)

Gift

Wie fast alle Skorpionfische (Scorpaeninae) sind Feuerfische, mit Ausnahme des Schönen Zwergfeuerfischs (Dendrochirus bellus) und von Bleekers Zwergfeuerfisch (Ebosia bleekeri), giftig.[3] Das Gift befindet sich in den 13 Hartstrahlen der ersten Rückenflosse, in den drei Hartstrahlen der Afterflosse und in den beiden Hartstrahlen der Bauchflossen. An jedem Hartstrahl befinden sich zwei Längsfurchen, die in den oberen zwei Dritteln mit giftproduzierendem Drüsengewebe ausgestattet sind. Furchen und Drüsengewebe sind von einer dünnen Haut überzogen, einen Giftkanal gibt es nicht. Beim Einstich reißt die Haut und das Gift wird aus den Drüsen herausgedrückt. Das Gift enthält Acetylcholin, das Muskelzuckungen auslöst, sowie ein bisher unbekanntes Toxin. Es ist sehr schmerzhaft, aber für den Menschen nicht tödlich. Das Gift wird nicht zum Beutefang, sondern nur zur Verteidigung eingesetzt. Bei Gefahr strecken die Feuerfische ihre giftigen Flossenstrahlen dem Angreifer entgegen.[5] Trotzdem werden Feuerfische von Raubfischen gefressen. Zackenbarsche, Flötenfische und Anglerfische oder verschiedene Muränenarten schlucken sie im Ganzen,[6] mit dem Kopf voran. Igelfische zerbeißen Feuerfische und fressen dann die Einzelteile.[1][3]

Trotz ihres Gifts sind Feuerfische für die menschliche Ernährung geeignet, wenn man ihnen die giftigen Hartstrahlen der Rückenflosse entfernt. Dies wird sowohl von Hobbytauchern und -fischern als auch kommerziell genutzt, um die weitere Verbreitung der Art zu bekämpfen.[7]

Ernährung

Alle Feuerfische leben carnivor, die größeren Arten meist von kleinen Fischen, wie Grundeln, Schleimfischen, Glasfischen oder Kardinalbarschen. Kleinere Arten fressen vor allem kleine Krebstiere. Auch junge Kopffüßer werden gefressen. Die Beute wird meist mit den weit gespreizten Brustflossen in die Enge getrieben und dann durch plötzliches Öffnen und Vorstülpen des Mauls eingesaugt. Oft jagen mehrere Exemplare zusammen und kreisen kleine Schwärme von Beutetieren ein.[1] Mit Flossensignalen fordern sie Feuerfische auch anderer Arten zum Mitjagen auf. Die erlegte Beute teilen sie gerecht auf.[8]

Fortpflanzung

Die Fortpflanzung der Feuerfische ist bisher nur durch Beobachtung von Dendrochirus in freier Natur und im Aquarium bekannt. Kurzflossen-Zwergfeuerfische (Dendrochirus brachypterus) leben in Gruppen mit einem dominanten Männchen und mehreren kleineren Männchen und Weibchen. Der Zebra-Zwergfeuerfisch (Dendrochirus zebra) lebt solitär und trifft Artgenossen nur an bestimmten Rendezvousplätzen. Die Balz beginnt, nachdem sich die Männchen heftig bekämpft und Rivalen aus dem Revier getrieben haben, nach Sonnenuntergang. Die Männchen sollen sich während der Balz dunkel, Weibchen hell verfärben. Bei laichbereiten Weibchen ist der Bauch geschwollen und hat eine silbrige Farbe. Zum Ablaichen schwimmen die Partner zur Wasseroberfläche, legen sich auf die Seite und stoßen zur gleichen Zeit Eier und Samen aus. Die 2.000 bis 15.000 Eier hängen in einer gallertigen Masse zusammen und treiben frei im Wasser. Die Larven schlüpfen nach 24 bis 36 Stunden mit einer Länge von 1–1,5 Millimeter. Nach vier Tagen sind ihre Brustflossen schon deutlich gewachsen und die Tiere beginnen zu fressen. Mit einer Länge von einem Zentimeter gehen die Fische zu einem versteckten Leben in Fels- und Korallenriffen über. Junge Feuerfische haben oft Augenflecke auf den Flossen.[3]

Systematik

Feuerfische wurden mal als eigene Familie, als Unterfamilie (Pteroinae) der Skorpionfische (Scorpaenidae) oder nur als Tribus (Pteroini)[9] der Skorpionfische angesehen. Heute werden sie als Unterfamilie der Drachenköpfe (Scorpaenidae) eingeordnet.[10]

 src=
Brachypterois serrulata
 src=
Zebra-Zwergfeuerfisch (Dendrochirus zebra)
 src=
Ebosia bleekeri
 src=
Blauflossen-Feuerfisch (Parapterois heterura)
 src=
Indischer Rotfeuerfisch
(Pterois miles)

Es gibt fünf Gattungen und über zwanzig Arten. Die Eigenständigkeit der Gattung Dendrochirus wurde immer wieder in Frage gestellt und die Arten der Gattung Pterois zugeordnet. Die beiden Gattungen unterscheiden sich aber deutlich dadurch, dass Dendrochirus kleinere Brustflossen mit teilweise verzweigten Flossenstrahlen hat, während die Brustflossen von Pterois so groß werden, dass sie angelegt bis über die Schwanzwurzel reichen können und die Flossenstrahlen immer ungeteilt sind. Auch werden die Pterois-Arten mit Längen von 20 bis 38 Zentimetern meist deutlich größer als die 12 bis 20 Zentimeter klein bleibenden Dendrochirus-Arten.[11] In der Gattung Pterois gibt es eine Reihe sehr nah verwandter Arten, die äußerlich kaum zu unterscheiden sind, den Pterois volitans-Komplex. Dazu gehören neben der namensgebenden Art Pterois lunulata, Pterois miles und Pterois russelii.[3]

Quellen

Literatur

  • Matthias Bergbauer, Robert Myers, Manuela Kirschner: Das Kosmos Handbuch Gefährliche Meerestiere. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10945-8.

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c Ellen Thaler: Rotfeuerfische - Beobachtungen zum Verhalten und Anregungen zur Aquarienhaltung. In: Koralle. Meerwasseraquaristik-Fachmagazin. Nr. 25, Februar/März 2004, Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, .
  2. R. M. Hamner u. a.: Mitochondrial cytochrome b analysis reveals two invasive lionfish species with strong founder effects in the western Atlantic. In: Journal of Fish Biology. Band 71, 2007, S. 214–222 (englisch).
  3. a b c d e Frank Scheidewind: Feuerfische In: Koralle. Meerwasseraquaristik-Fachmagazin. Nr. 25, Februar/März 2004.
  4. Gefrässiger Giftfisch erobert das Mittelmeer. In: Basler Zeitung. 28. Juni 2016, abgerufen am 28. Juni 2016.
  5. Dietrich Mebs, Daniel Knob: Rotfeuerfische und ihr Gift. In: Koralle. Meerwasseraquaristik-Fachmagazin. Nr. 25, Februar/März 2004.
  6. Arthur R. Bos, Ashraf M. Sanad, Khamis Elsayed: Gymnothorax spp. (Muraenidae) as natural predators of the lionfish Pterois miles in its native biogeographical range. In: Environmental Biology of Fishes. April 2017, doi:10.1007/s10641-017-0600-7 (englisch).
  7. Jeff MacGregor: The Lionfish Have Invaded, But a Ragtag Army of Divers and Chefs Are Fighting Back. Abgerufen am 9. Februar 2021 (englisch).
  8. Oona M. Lönnstedt, Maud C. O. Ferrari, Douglas P. Chivers: Lionfish predators use flared fin displays to initiate cooperative hunting. In: Biology Letters. Band 10, Nr. 6, 2014, doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0281 (englisch).
  9. Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7, S. 323 (englisch).
  10. R. Fricke, W. N. Eschmeyer, R. Van der Laan (Hrsg.): Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification. 2021. (calacademy.org)
  11. Svein Fossa, Alf Jacob Nilsen: Korallenriff-Aquarium Band 3. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim 1993, ISBN 3-928819-14-3.
  12. M. Matsunuma, H. Motomura, S. V. Bogorodsky: Review of Indo-Pacific dwarf lionfishes (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) in the Dendrochirus brachypterus complex, with description of a new species from the western Indian Ocean. In: Ichthyological Research. April 2017, doi:10.1007/s10228-017-0583-6 (englisch).
  13. M. Matsunuma, H. Motomura: Revision of the genus Parapterois (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and resurrection of Parapterois nigripinnis (Gilchrist 1904). In: Ichthyological Research. Dezember 2021.

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Feuerfische: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Feuerfische (Pteroinae), oft auch Rotfeuerfische, seltener Löwenfische (von der englischen Bezeichnung lionfish) genannt, sind Bewohner der Korallenriffe des tropischen Indopazifik und des Roten Meeres aus der Unterordnung der Drachenkopfverwandten (Scorpaenoidei). Sie sind durch ihre großen, fächerförmigen Brustflossen mit langen, fast freistehenden Brustflossenstacheln sehr auffällig. Die Färbung der Feuerfische wird von einem dichten Muster von rötlichen bzw. bräunlichen und weißen Querstreifen bestimmt und dient mit der konturenauflösenden Gestalt der Fische zur Tarnung. Sie sind kaum zu erkennen, wenn sie zwischen Acroporen, Bäumchen-Weichkorallen, Haarsternen, Gorgonenhäuptern, Federwürmern oder Kalkröhrenwürmern stehen. Feuerfische werden je nach Art 12 bis über 40 Zentimeter lang. Der 1816 von G. Cuvier geprägte Name (

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Feuerfische ( Alemânico )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Fürfisch, oft au Rotfürfisch gnennt, sind Bewohner vo de Koralleriff vom tropische Indopazifik und vom Rote Meer. Si ghöre zur dr Ornig vo dr Panzerwange. Si falle uf dur ihri grosse, fächerförmige Brustflosse, mit eme dichte Muster mit rötliche bzw. brünliche und wisse Querstreife. Die Färbige und die konturlosi Gstallt vom Fisch dient zur Tarnig und verbirgt dr Fürfisch. Fürfisch wärde je nach Art 12 bis 38cm lang.

Verbreitig

Fürfisch lebe in Fels- und Koralleriff vom tropische Indopazifik und vom Rote Meer. Einigi Arte hei e sehr grosses Verbreitigsgebiet, während anderi, wie dr Hawaii-Fürfisch numme inere sehr kleine Region läbt. Jungfisch findet me au inere Mangrove. Fast alli Arte läbe standorttreu und usschliesslich im Flachwasser. In letster Zit het me Fürfisch au im westliche Atlantik, an dr Ostküste vo dr USA, vo Florida bis New York gfunde. Das si Exemplar, wo entweder vo verantwortigslose Meeraquarianer usgsetzt si, oder wo als Jungfisch mit em Ballastwasser vo Schiff igschleppt si. Dr indischi Rotfürfisch söll inzwüsche durch dr Suezkanal ins südöstlichi Mittelmeer igwanderet si.

Gift

Wie fast alli Skorpionfisch (Scorpaenidae) sind Fürfisch, mit Usnahm vom Schöne Zwergfürfisch (Dendrochirus bellus) und Bleekers Zwergfürfisch (Ebosia bleekeri), giftig. S Gift befindet sich in de 13 Hartstrahle vo dr erste Rückeflosse, in de drei Hartstrahle vo dr Afterflosse und in de beide Hartstrahle vo de Buchflosse. An jedem Hartstrahl befinde sich zwei Längsfurche, wo in de obere zwei Drittle mit giftproduzierendem Drüsegwärb usgstattet sind. Furche und Drüsegwäb sind von ere dünne Hut überzoge, e Giftkanal gits nid. Bim Stich riisst d Hut und s Gift wird us de Drüsene usedruckt. Das Gift enthaltet Acetylcholin, wo Muskelzucke uslösst, sowie eh bishär unbekannts Toxin. Es isch sehr schmärzhaft, aber für e Mensch nid tödlich. S Gift wird nid igsetzt zum Beuti zfange, sondern nur zur Verteidigung. Bi Gefahre streckt dr Fürfisch sini giftigi Flossenstrahlene ihm Agrifer entgege. Trotzdem wärde Fürfische vo Raubfisch gfrässe. Zackebarsch, Flötefisch und Anglerfisch schlucke sie im Ganze, mit em Kopf vora. Igelfisch verbiße Fürfisch und frässe denn d Einzelteili.

Ernährig

Alli Fürfisch s carnivor, die größere Arte läbe meistens vo klinere Fisch, wie Grundlä, Schliimfisch, Glas- oder Kardinalbarsch. Klineri Arte fresse vor allem klineri Krebstier. Au jungi Kopffüeßler werde gefresse. D Beuti wird meistens met dä wit gspreizte Brustflosse en d Ängi trebe und den dorch plötzliches Öffe vum Mul igsugt. Oft jage mehreri Exemplar zämme ond kreise chlini Schwärm vo Bütetier i.

Fortpflanzig

D Fortpflanzig vom Fürfisch esch besher nor dorch Beobachtig vom Dendrochirus en freier Natur und im Aquarium bekannt. Kurzflosse-Zwärgfürfisch (Dendrochirus brachypterus) läbe in Gruppe mit eme dominante Männli ond mehrere kleini Männli und Wibli. De Zebra-Zwergfüerfisch (Dendrochirus zebra) läbt solitär und trifft Artgenosse nor an bestimmte Rendzvousplätz. De Balz fot nach Sonneontergang ah, nachdem sich d Männli heftig bekämpft ond Rivale us dem Revier trebe hend. Di Männli sölle sich während der Balz donkel, Wibli hell verfärbe. Bi laichbereite Wibli esch der Buch geschwolle und het e slbrigi Farb. Zom Ablaiche schwimme di Partner zur Wasseroberflächi, lege sech ouf di Site und stoße zur gliche Zit Eier und Same us. Di 2000 bis 15.000 Eier hänge in ere Masse zämme und tribe frei im Wasser. Di Larve schlöpfe nach 24 bis 36 Stunde mit ere Längi von 1 bis 1,5 Millimeter. Nach vier Tage sind ehri Brostflosse scho dütlich gwachse und di Tier vön a z frässe. Mit ere Längi vo eim Zentimeter gönd di Fisch zume versteckte Läbe in Fels- und Koralleriff über. Jungi Fürfisch hei oft Augefläcke uf de Flosse.

Literatur

  • Bergbauer, Myers, Kirschner: Das Kosmos Handbuch Gefährliche Meerestiere. 2008, Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart, ISBN 978-3-440-10945-8

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Feuerfische: Brief Summary ( Alemânico )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Fürfisch, oft au Rotfürfisch gnennt, sind Bewohner vo de Koralleriff vom tropische Indopazifik und vom Rote Meer. Si ghöre zur dr Ornig vo dr Panzerwange. Si falle uf dur ihri grosse, fächerförmige Brustflosse, mit eme dichte Muster mit rötliche bzw. brünliche und wisse Querstreife. Die Färbige und die konturlosi Gstallt vom Fisch dient zur Tarnig und verbirgt dr Fürfisch. Fürfisch wärde je nach Art 12 bis 38cm lang.

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Pterois ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Pterois iku génusé iwak segara sing mawa wisa. Iwak iki dumunung ing laladan Samudra Indhi lan Samudra Pasifik. Pterois katitik saka pakulitané sing wernané mencorong lorèk abang, putih, krèm, lan ireng, kèpèté sing mentèrèng, lan jejari kèpèté sing mencongat tur mawa wisa.[1][2] Pterois radiata, Pterois volitans, lan Pterois miles iku spésies sing paling kerep disinaoni ing sajeroné génus iki. Spésies-spésies Pterois wis kaloka minangka iwak akuariyum.[1] Sanajan ta mangkono, P. volitans lan P. miles ingaran spésies invasif ing Samodra Atlantik iring kulon, Segara Karibia, lan Segara Tengah.[3][4]

Spésies

Dinané iki, ana 12 spésies sing diakoni ing sajeroné génus iki:

Gladri

Cathetan sikil

  1. a b National Geographic. "Lionfish".
  2. Whitfield P.E., Hare J.A., David A.W., Harter S.L., Muñoz R.C., Addison C.M. (2007). "Abundance estimates of the Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans/miles complex in the Western North Atlantic". Biological Invasions 9 (1): 53–64. doi:10.1007/s10530-006-9005-9.
  3. Merrington, Andrew (2016-06-28). "Lionfish invading the Mediterranean Sea". Plymouth University. Dijupuk 2017-07-29.
  4. "Invasive Lionfish Arrive in the Mediterranean". Scientific American. June 28, 2016.
  5. a b Matsunuma M., Motomura H. (2015). "Redescriptions of Pterois radiata and Pterois cincta (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) with notes on geographic morphological variations in P. radiata". Ichthyological Research 63 (1): 145–172. doi:10.1007/s10228-015-0483-6.
  6. Matsunuma, M. & Motomura, H. (2014): Pterois paucispinula, a new species of lionfish (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) from the western Pacific Ocean. Ichthyological Research, 62 (3): 327-346.
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Pterois: Brief Summary ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Pterois iku génusé iwak segara sing mawa wisa. Iwak iki dumunung ing laladan Samudra Indhi lan Samudra Pasifik. Pterois katitik saka pakulitané sing wernané mencorong lorèk abang, putih, krèm, lan ireng, kèpèté sing mentèrèng, lan jejari kèpèté sing mencongat tur mawa wisa. Pterois radiata, Pterois volitans, lan Pterois miles iku spésies sing paling kerep disinaoni ing sajeroné génus iki. Spésies-spésies Pterois wis kaloka minangka iwak akuariyum. Sanajan ta mangkono, P. volitans lan P. miles ingaran spésies invasif ing Samodra Atlantik iring kulon, Segara Karibia, lan Segara Tengah.

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Базыргæфтæ ( Osseta; osseta )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
Антеннон базыргæф

Базыргæфтæ (лат. Pterois, уырыс. Крылатки) — стæджын кæсæгты мыггаг, скорпенон бинонтæй. Сæ дæргъ вæййы 20 сантиметрæй (P. andover, P. antennata) — 38 см-мæ (базыргæф-зебрæ). Парахат цард кæнынц Индо-Сабырфурдон облæсты.

Базыргæфты мыггаджы ис 10 хуызы:

  • Pterois andover
  • Pterois antennata — Антеннон базыргæф
  • Pterois brevipectoralis
  • Pterois lunulata
  • Pterois miles — Индиаг базыргæф
  • Pterois mombasae — Момбассаг базыргæф
  • Pterois radiata — Радиалон базыргæф
  • Pterois russelii
  • Pterois sphex
  • Pterois volitans — Зебрæ-базыргæф
 src=
Зебрæ-базыргæф
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Риба-лав ( Macedônio )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
Поглед однапред на Руселовата риба-лав
 src=
Pterois antennata во зоолошката градина ан дворецот Шенбрун во Виена, Австрија
 src=
Млада риба-лав од видот (Pterois volitans)

Риба-лав (Pteroinae) e една од неколкуте видови на отровни морски риби од родот Pterois, Parapterois, Brachypterois, Ebosia или Dendrochirus, од фамилијата Scorpaenidae. Отровната риба-лав исто така e позната и како Риба-змеј и Риба-мисирка.[1] несомнено е една од најспектакуларните членови од родот Риба-шкорпја. Рибата лав ја карактеризираат впечатливо долгнавестите и тенки перки кои на краевите се тенки како игла, секоја од овие перки е поврзана со отровната кесичка на рибата-лав. Доколку ѝ се заканува опасност од некој предатор или пак е допрена од човек, нејзините перки реагираат како поткожни игли инјектирајќи отров врз натрапникот. Раскошните и долги перки генерално имаат шаренолик изглед, начесто со комбинација на црвена, кафена, портокалова, жолта, црна, костенлива и/или бела боја.

Природно живеалиште

Природно живеалиште на рибата-лав е Индо-Пацифичкиот регион на нашата планета, но различни видови можат да се сретнат и на други места во светот. Поради нејзината популарност во последно време рибата-лав често пати е забележана и во топлите води на исток во Атланскиот океан и Карипското море. Рибите-лав припаѓаат на таканаречените инвазивни видови во Атланскиот океан и на Карипското море. [2] Успешно размножување на рибата лав во услови на заробеништво се уште не е познато.

Големина

Вообичаената големина на рибата-лав генерално достигнува должина од 30-35 цм. Најмалата риба-лав (нпр. Пердувестото џуџе) обично е голема колку едно тениско топче (не вклучувајќи ги перките). Постојат многу видови на риба-лав кои се со различна големина.

Отров

Рибата-лав има отровни перки кои се смртоносни за нивниот плен, но обично не и за луѓето. Доколку се случи отровот да стигне во човековиот организам, човекот со сигурност ќе претрпи силни болки, а возможни се и главоболки и повраќање. Вообичаен третман е исшмукување на отровот од зафатеното место во топла вода, бидејќи многу е мал бројот на болници во кои постојат специјални третмани. Но, итна медицинска помош е најпожелна бидејќи некои луѓе се поосетливи на отровот од други.

Исхрана

Рибите-лавови се лукави предатори. Додека ловат тие го стеснувааат просторот за бегство на пленот користејќи се со нивните долги перки и го користат нивното брзо и рефлексно движење за да го проголтаат одеднаш целиот плен.

Рибата-лав во поп-културата

Во поставувањето на првите сцени за популарниот серијал на филмови, Гол Пиштол, Лудвиг го запознава Дребин со неговата "Јапонска Боречка Риба". Таквите риби и не постојат, всушност рибата што се појавува на сцената е рибата-лав. Интересно е тоа што рибата-лав во филмот го каснува Дребин, и покрај тоа што највообчаениот начин на напад во одбрана рибата-лав би го извршила со боцкање и инјектирање на отров врз предаторот.
Во Ѕвездени патеки: Идната генерација, Капетанот Жан-Лук Пикард во специјален аквариум чува риба-лав по име Ливингстон, аквариумот е лоциран во аголот од подготвителната соба веднаш до контролниот прозор. Ливингстон патува во Ентерпрајз-Д за време на целиот серијал.

Рибата-лав исто така може да ја видиме и во филмот Ѓус Биголоу: Машки жиголо каде што е преставена како најскапоцена риба во огромиот аквариум. За жал на крајот сепак завршува само како добар коктел.

Наводи

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Риба-лав: Brief Summary ( Macedônio )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src= Поглед однапред на Руселовата риба-лав src= Pterois antennata во зоолошката градина ан дворецот Шенбрун во Виена, Австрија src= Млада риба-лав од видот (Pterois volitans)

Риба-лав (Pteroinae) e една од неколкуте видови на отровни морски риби од родот Pterois, Parapterois, Brachypterois, Ebosia или Dendrochirus, од фамилијата Scorpaenidae. Отровната риба-лав исто така e позната и како Риба-змеј и Риба-мисирка. несомнено е една од најспектакуларните членови од родот Риба-шкорпја. Рибата лав ја карактеризираат впечатливо долгнавестите и тенки перки кои на краевите се тенки како игла, секоја од овие перки е поврзана со отровната кесичка на рибата-лав. Доколку ѝ се заканува опасност од некој предатор или пак е допрена од човек, нејзините перки реагираат како поткожни игли инјектирајќи отров врз натрапникот. Раскошните и долги перки генерално имаат шаренолик изглед, начесто со комбинација на црвена, кафена, портокалова, жолта, црна, костенлива и/или бела боја.

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Чоң канаттар ( Quirguiz )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
Pterois antennata.

Чоң канаттар (лат. Pterois) — балыктардын бир уруусу, булардын өкүлү таргыл чоң канат (лат. P. volitans).

Колдонулган адабияттар

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Чоң канаттар: Brief Summary ( Quirguiz )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src= Pterois antennata.

Чоң канаттар (лат. Pterois) — балыктардын бир уруусу, булардын өкүлү таргыл чоң канат (лат. P. volitans).

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Pterois ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Lionfish have 18 venomous spines total: 2 pelvic spines, 3 anal spines, and 13 dorsal spines

Pterois is a genus of venomous marine fish, commonly known as lionfish, native to the Indo-Pacific. It is characterized by conspicuous warning coloration with red or black bands, and ostentatious dorsal fins tipped with venomous spines.[3][4] Pterois radiata, Pterois volitans, and Pterois miles are the most commonly studied species in the genus. Pterois species are popular aquarium fish.[3] P. volitans and P. miles are recent and significant invasive species in the west Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Mediterranean Sea.[5][6][7]

Taxonomy

Pterois was described as a genus in 1817 by German naturalist, botanist, biologist, and ornithologist Lorenz Oken. In 1856 the French naturalist Eugène Anselme Sébastien Léon Desmarest designated Scorpaena volitans, which had been named by Bloch in 1787 and which was the same as Linnaeus's 1758 Gasterosteus volitans, as the type species of the genus.[1][8][2] This genus is classified within the tribe Pteroini of the subfamily Scorpaeninae within the family Scorpaenidae.[9] The genus name Pterois is based on Georges Cuvier's 1816 French name, “Les Pterois”, meaning "fins" which is an allusion to the high dorsal and long pectoral fins.[10]

Species

Currently, 12 recognized species are in this genus:

Molecular studies and morphological data have indicated that P. lunulata is a junior synonym of P. russelii, and that P. volitans may be a hybrid between P. miles and P. russelii sensu lato.[13]

Description

Juvenile lionfish have a unique tentacle located above their eye sockets that varies in phenotype between species.[14] The evolution of this tentacle is suggested to serve to continually attract new prey; studies also suggest it plays a role in sexual selection.[14]

Ecology and behavior

Pterois species can live from 5 to 15 years and have complex courtship and mating behaviors.[15] Females frequently release two mucus-filled egg clusters, which can contain as many as 15,000 eggs.[15][16] All species are aposematic; they have conspicuous coloration with boldly contrasting stripes and wide fans of projecting spines, advertising their ability to defend themselves.[17]

Prey

Pterois prey mostly on small fish, invertebrates, and mollusks, with up to six different species of prey found in the gastrointestinal tracts of some specimens. Lionfish feed most actively in the morning.[18] Lionfish are skilled hunters, using specialized swim bladder muscles to provide precise control of their location in the water column, allowing them to alter their center of gravity to better attack prey.[18] They blow jets of water while approaching prey, which serves to confuse them[19] and alter the orientation of the prey so that the smaller fish is facing the lionfish. This results in a higher degree of predatory efficiency as head-first capture is easier for the lionfish.[20] The lionfish then spreads its large pectoral fins and swallows its prey in a single motion.[15]

Predators and parasites

Aside from instances of larger lionfish individuals engaging in cannibalism on smaller individuals, adult lionfish have few identified natural predators, likely due to the effectiveness of their venomous spines: when threatened, a lionfish will orient its body to keep its dorsal fin pointed at the predator, even if this means swimming upsidedown. This does not always save it, however: moray eels,[21][22] bluespotted cornetfish, and large groupers[23] have been observed preying on lionfish.[24][25][26][27] Sharks are also believed to be capable of preying on lionfish with no ill effects from their spines.[28] Park officials of the Roatan Marine Park in Honduras have attempted to train sharks to feed on lionfish to control the invasive populations in the Caribbean.[29] The Bobbit worm, an ambush predator, has been filmed preying upon lionfish in Indonesia.[30] Predators of larvae and juvenile lionfish remain unknown, but may prove to be the primary limiting factor of lionfish populations in their native range.[22]

Parasites of lionfish have rarely been observed, and are assumed to be infrequent. They include isopods and leeches.[31]

Interaction with humans

Lionfish are known for their venomous fin rays, which makes them hazardous to other marine animals, as well as humans.[4] Pterois venom produced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects when tested in both frog and clam hearts[32] and has a depressive effect on rabbit blood pressure.[33] These results are thought to be due to nitric oxide release.[34] In humans, Pterois venom can cause systemic effects such as pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, headache, numbness, paresthesia, diarrhea, sweating, temporary paralysis of the limbs, respiratory insufficiency, heart failure, convulsions, and even death. Fatalities are more common in very young children, the elderly, or those who are allergic to the venom. The venom is rarely fatal to healthy adults, but some species have enough venom to produce extreme discomfort for a period of several days. Moreover, Pterois venom poses a danger to allergic victims as they may experience anaphylaxis, a serious and often life-threatening condition that requires immediate emergency medical treatment. Severe allergic reactions to Pterois venom include chest pain, severe breathing difficulties, a drop in blood pressure, swelling of the tongue, sweating, or slurred speech. Such reactions can be fatal if not treated.

Lionfish are edible if prepared correctly.[35]

Native range and habitat

Pterois radiata is endemic to the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific

The lionfish is native to the to the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific Ocean. They can be found around the seaward edge of shallow coral reefs, lagoons, rocky substrates, and on mesophotic reefs, and can live in areas of varying salinity, temperature, and depth.[36] They are also frequently found in turbid inshore areas and harbors,[37] and have a generally hostile attitude and are territorial toward other reef fish.[38] They are commonly found from shallow waters down to past 100 m (330 ft) depth,[39] and have in several locations been recorded to 300 m depth.[40] Many universities in the Indo-Pacific have documented reports of Pterois aggression toward divers and researchers.[38] P. volitans and P. miles are native to subtropical and tropical regions from southern Japan and southern Korea to the east coast of Australia, Indonesia, Micronesia, French Polynesia, and the South Pacific Ocean.[37] P. miles is also found in the Indian Ocean, from Sumatra to Sri Lanka and the Red Sea.[41]

Invasive introduction and range

Western tropical Atlantic

Two of the 12 species of Pterois, the red lionfish (P. volitans) and the common lionfish (P. miles), have established themselves as significant invasive species off the East Coast of the United States and in the Caribbean. About 93% of the invasive population in the Western Atlantic is P. volitans.[42]

The red lionfish is found off the East Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States and in the Caribbean Sea, and was likely first introduced off the Florida coast by the early to mid-1990s.[43] This introduction may have occurred in 1992 when Hurricane Andrew destroyed an aquarium in southern Florida, releasing six lionfish into Biscayne Bay.[44] A lionfish was discovered off the coast of Dania Beach, south Florida, as early as 1985, before Hurricane Andrew.[18][45][46] The lionfish resemble those of the Philippines, implicating the aquarium trade,[47] suggesting individuals may have been purposely discarded by dissatisfied aquarium enthusiasts.[47] This is in part because lionfish require an experienced aquarist, but are often sold to novices who find their care too difficult. In 2001, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) documented several sightings of lionfish off the coast of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Bermuda, and Delaware. In August 2014, when the Gulf Stream was discharging into the mouth of the Delaware Bay, two lionfish were caught by a surf fisherman off the ocean side shore of Cape Henlopen State Park: a red lionfish that weighed 1 pound 4+12 ounces (580 g) and a common lionfish that weighed 1 pound 2 ounces (510 g). Three days later, a 1-pound-3-ounce (540 g) red lionfish was caught off the shore of Broadkill Beach which is in the Delaware Bay approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of Cape Henlopen State Park. Lionfish were first detected in the Bahamas in 2004.[48] In June 2013 lionfish were discovered as far east as Barbados,[49] and as far south as the Los Roques Archipelago and many Venezuelan continental beaches.[50] Lionfish were first sighted in Brazilian waters in late 2014.[51] Genetic testing on a single captured individual revealed that it was related to the populations found in the Caribbean, suggesting larval dispersal rather than an intentional release.

P. volitans is the most abundant species of the invasive lionfish population in the Atlantic and Caribbean.

Adult lionfish specimens are now found along the United States East Coast from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Florida, and along the Gulf Coast to Texas.[52] They are also found off Bermuda, the Bahamas, and throughout the Caribbean, including the Turks and Caicos, Haiti, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, the Cayman Islands, Aruba, Curacao, Trinidad and Tobago, Bonaire, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, Belize, Honduras, Colombia and Mexico.[4] Population densities continue to increase in the invaded areas, resulting in a population boom of up to 700% in some areas between 2004 and 2008.[4][53]

Pterois species are known for devouring many other aquarium fishes,[47] unusual in that they are among the few fish species to successfully establish populations in open marine systems.[54]

Pelagic larval dispersion is assumed to occur through oceanic currents, including the Gulf Stream and the Caribbean Current. Ballast water can also contribute to the dispersal.[4]

Extreme temperatures present geographical constraints in the distribution of aquatic species,[55] indicating temperature tolerance plays a role in the lionfish's survival, reproduction, and range of distribution.[48] The abrupt differences in water temperatures north and south of Cape Hatteras directly correlate with the abundance and distribution of Pterois.[55] Pterois expanded along the southeastern coast of the United States and occupied thermal-appropriate zones within 10 years,[55] and the shoreward expansion of this thermally appropriate habitat is expected in coming decades as winter water temperatures warm in response to anthropogenic climate change.[56] Although the timeline of observations points to the east coast of Florida as the initial source of the western Atlantic invasion, the relationship of the United States East Coast and Bahamian lionfish invasion is uncertain.[57] Lionfish can tolerate a minimum salinity of 5 ppt (0.5%) and even withstand pulses of fresh water, which means they can also be found in estuaries of freshwater rivers.[58]

The lionfish invasion is considered to be one of the most serious recent threats to Caribbean and Florida coral reef ecosystems. To help address the pervasive problem, in 2015, the NOAA partnered with the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute to set up a lionfish portal to provide scientifically accurate information on the invasion and its impacts.[59] The lionfish web portal[60] is aimed at all those involved and affected, including coastal managers, educators, and the public, and the portal was designed as a source of training videos, fact sheets, examples of management plans, and guidelines for monitoring. The web portal draws on the expertise of NOAA's own scientists, as well as that of other scientists and policy makers from academia or NGOs, and managers.

Mediterranean

Lionfish have also established themselves in parts of the Mediterranean - with records down to 110 m depth.[39] Lionfish have been found in waters around Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Malta, Syria, and Turkey[61][39] and Croatia.[62] Warming sea temperatures may be allowing lionfish to further expand their range in the Mediterranean.[63][64]

Long-term effects of invasion

Lionfish have successfully pioneered the coastal waters of the Atlantic in less than a decade, and pose a major threat to reef ecological systems in these areas. A study comparing their abundance from Florida to North Carolina with several species of groupers found they were second only to the native scamp grouper and equally abundant to the graysby, gag, and rock hind.[4] This could be due to a surplus of resource availability resulting from the overfishing of lionfish predators like grouper.[65] Although the lionfish has not expanded to a population size currently causing major ecological problems, their invasion in the United States coastal waters could lead to serious problems in the future. One likely ecological impact caused by Pterois could be their impact on prey population numbers by directly affecting food web relationships. This could ultimately lead to reef deterioration and could negatively influence Atlantic trophic cascade.[15] Lionfish have already been shown to overpopulate reef areas and display aggressive tendencies, forcing native species to move to waters where conditions might be less than favorable.[4]

Lionfish could be reducing Atlantic reef diversity by up to 80%.[38] In July 2011, lionfish were reported for the first time in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary off the coast of Louisiana.[66] Sanctuary officials said they believe the species will be a permanent fixture, but hope to monitor and possibly limit their presence.

Since lionfish thrive so well in the Atlantic and the Caribbean due to nutrient-rich waters and lack of predators, the species has spread tremendously. A single lionfish, located on a reef, reduced young juvenile reef fish populations by 79%.[67]

Control and eradication efforts

P. miles makes up about 7% of the invasive lionfish population in the Atlantic and Caribbean.

Red lionfish are an invasive species, yet relatively little is known about them. NOAA research foci include investigating biotechnical solutions for control of the population, and understanding how the larvae are dispersed.[68] Another important area of study is what controls the population in its native area. Researchers hope to discover what moderates lionfish populations in the Indo-Pacific and apply this information to control the invasive populations, without introducing additional invasive species.

Two new trap designs have been introduced to help with deep-water control of the lionfish. The traps are low and vertical and remain open the entire time of deployment. The vertical relief of the trap attracts lionfish, which makes catching them easier. These new traps are good for catching lionfish without affecting the native species that are ecologically, recreationally, and commercially important to the surrounding areas. These traps are more beneficial than older traps because they limit the potential of catching noninvasive creatures, they have bait that is only appealing to lionfish, they guarantee a catch, and they are easy to transport.[69]

Rigorous and repeated removal of lionfish from invaded waters could potentially control the exponential expansion of the lionfish in invaded waters.[4] A 2010 study showed effective maintenance would require the monthly harvest of at least 27% of the adult population. Because lionfish are able to reproduce monthly, this effort must be maintained throughout the entire year.[70]

Even to accomplish these numbers seems unlikely, but as populations of lionfish continue to grow throughout the Caribbean and Western Atlantic, actions are being taken to attempt to control the quickly growing numbers. In November 2010, for the first time the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary began licensing divers to kill lionfish inside the sanctuary in an attempt to eradicate the fish.[71]

Conservation groups and community organizations in the Eastern United States have organized hunting expeditions for Pterois such as the Environment Education Foundation's 'lionfish derby' held annually in Florida.[53] Divemasters from Cozumel to the Honduran Bay Islands and at Reef Conservation International which operates in the Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve off Punta Gorda, Belize, now routinely spear them during dives. While diver culling removes lionfish from shallow reefs reducing their densities,[72] lionfish have widely been reported on mesophotic coral ecosystems (reefs from 30 to 150 m) in the western Atlantic[73] and even in deep-sea habitats (greater than 200 m depth).[40] Recent studies have suggested that the effects of culling are likely to be depth-specific, and so have limited impacts on these deeper reef populations.[74] Therefore, other approaches such as trapping are advocated for removing lionfish from deeper reef habitats.[40][73][74][75]

Long-term culling has also been recorded to cause behavior changes in lionfish populations. For example, in the Bahamas, lionfish on heavily culled reefs have become more wary of divers and hide more within the reef structure during the day when culling occurs.[76] Similar lionfish responses to divers have been observed when comparing culled sites and sites without culling in Honduras, including altered lionfish behaviour on reefs too deep for regular culling, but adjacent to heavily culled sites potentially implying movement of individuals between depths.[74]

While culling by marine protection agencies and volunteer divers is an important element of control efforts, development of market-based approaches, which create commercial incentives for removals, has been seen as a means to sustain control efforts. The foremost of these market approaches is the promotion of lionfish as a food item.[77][78] Another is the use of lionfish spines, fins, and tails for jewelry and other decorative items. Lionfish jewelry production initiatives are underway in Belize, the Bahamas,[79] St. Vincent, and the Grenadines.

In 2014 at Jardines de la Reina National Marine Park in Cuba, a diver experimented with spearing and feeding lionfish to sharks in an effort to teach them to seek out the fish as prey.[80] By 2016, Cuba was finding it more effective to fish for lionfish as food.[81]

"Lionfish as Food" campaign

In 2010, NOAA (which also encourages people to report lionfish sightings, to help track lionfish population dispersal)[82] began a campaign to encourage the consumption of the fish.[53] The "Lionfish as Food" campaign encourages human hunting of the fish as the only form of control known to date. Increasing the catch of lionfish could not only help maintain a reasonable population density, but also provide an alternative fishing source to overfished populations, such as grouper and snapper. The taste is described as "buttery and tender".[83][84] To promote the campaign, the Roman Catholic Church in Colombia agreed to have their clergy's sermons suggest to their parishioners (84% of the population) eating lionfish on Fridays, Lent, and Easter, which proved highly successful in decreasing the invasive fish problem.[85]

When properly filleted, the naturally venomous fish is safe to eat. Some concern exists about the risk of ciguatera food poisoning (CFP) from consumption of lionfish, and the FDA included lionfish on the list of species with risk for CFP when lionfish are harvested in some areas tested positive for ciguatera. No cases of CFP from consumption of lionfish have been verified, and published research has found that the toxins in lionfish venom may be causing false positives in tests for presence of ciguatera.[86][87] The Reef Environmental Education Foundation provides advice to restaurant chefs on how they can incorporate the fish into their menus. The NOAA calls the lionfish a "delicious, delicately flavored fish" similar in texture to grouper.[53] Cooking techniques and preparations for lionfish include deep-frying, ceviche, jerky, grilling, and sashimi.

Another initiative is centered around production of leather from lionfish hides. It seeks to establish a production chain and market for high quality leather produced from the hides. The goal is to control invasive lionfish populations while providing economic benefit to local fishing communities.[88]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pterois.
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  73. ^ a b Andradi-Brown, Dominic A.; Vermeij, Mark J. A.; Slattery, Marc; Lesser, Michael; Bejarano, Ivonne; Appeldoorn, Richard; Goodbody-Gringley, Gretchen; Chequer, Alex D.; Pitt, Joanna M. (1 March 2017). "Large-scale invasion of western Atlantic mesophotic reefs by lionfish potentially undermines culling-based management". Biological Invasions. 19 (3): 939–954. doi:10.1007/s10530-016-1358-0. ISSN 1387-3547. S2CID 12301910.
  74. ^ a b c Andradi-Brown, Dominic A.; Grey, Rachel; Hendrix, Alicia; Hitchner, Drew; Hunt, Christina L.; Gress, Erika; Madej, Konrad; Parry, Rachel L.; Régnier-McKellar, Catriona (1 May 2017). "Depth-dependent effects of culling—do mesophotic lionfish populations undermine current management?". Royal Society Open Science. 4 (5): 170027. Bibcode:2017RSOS....470027A. doi:10.1098/rsos.170027. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5451808. PMID 28573007.
  75. ^ Harris, Holden E.; Fogg, Alexander Q.; Gittings, Stephen R.; Ahrens, Robert N. M.; Allen, Micheal S.; Iii, William F. Patterson (26 August 2020). "Testing the efficacy of lionfish traps in the northern Gulf of Mexico". PLOS ONE. 15 (8): e0230985. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1530985H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230985. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7449463. PMID 32845879.
  76. ^ Côté, Isabelle M.; Darling, Emily S.; Malpica-Cruz, Luis; Smith, Nicola S.; Green, Stephanie J.; Curtis-Quick, Jocelyn; Layman, Craig (4 April 2014). "What Doesn't Kill You Makes You Wary? Effect of Repeated Culling on the Behaviour of an Invasive Predator". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e94248. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...994248C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094248. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3976393. PMID 24705447.
  77. ^ "Inventive Colombians turn invasive fish problem into dinnertime delicacy". Fox News Latino. 2015.
  78. ^ "Eradicating Invasive Species One Sushi Roll at a Time". The New York Times. 2016.
  79. ^ "Successful lionfish jewelry workshop in Deep Creek | CEI Blog".
  80. ^ Fears, Darryl (19 October 2014). "Divers try spoon feeding lionfish to sharks, a method that could come back to bite them". Washington Post. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  81. ^ "Poisonous tropical lionfish could be spreading through Mediterranean". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 21 June 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  82. ^ ""Have you seen me?" (PDF). An Integrated Assessment of the Introduction of Lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) to the Western Atlantic Ocean. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 3 April 2003. p. 22."
  83. ^ "Can you eat lionfish?". Lionfish Information. 2016. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016.
  84. ^ Serwer, Jesse (4 March 2016). "Venomous, invasive lionfish tastes great and is only served at one NYC restaurant". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. It's a sweet, white flaky fish with a taste similar to a parrotfish or a snapper", John says. "It's super healthy, very delicate and tender, and it's easy to cook it just about any way you can think of.
  85. ^ O'Reilly, Terry (16 February 2017). "Small Move, Big Gain". CBC Radio One. Pirate Radio. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  86. ^ "Invasive lionfish likely safe to eat after all". Phys.org. 1 August 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  87. ^ Wilcox, Christie L.; Hixon, Mark A. (2015). "False positive tests for ciguatera may derail efforts to control invasive lionfish". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 98 (3): 961–969. doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0313-0. S2CID 14772418.
  88. ^ Luscombe, Richard (12 June 2022). "Fish leather is here, it's sustainable – and it's made from invasive species to boot". The Observer.
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Pterois: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN
Lionfish have 18 venomous spines total: 2 pelvic spines, 3 anal spines, and 13 dorsal spines

Pterois is a genus of venomous marine fish, commonly known as lionfish, native to the Indo-Pacific. It is characterized by conspicuous warning coloration with red or black bands, and ostentatious dorsal fins tipped with venomous spines. Pterois radiata, Pterois volitans, and Pterois miles are the most commonly studied species in the genus. Pterois species are popular aquarium fish. P. volitans and P. miles are recent and significant invasive species in the west Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Mediterranean Sea.

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Pterois ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Pterois es un género de peces marinos venenosos encontrados principalmente en el Indo-Pacífico. Los peces del género Pterois tienen un par de aletas en forma de abanico en las aletas pectorales y una punzante primera aleta dorsal. Estas aletas dan al pescado la impresión de melena del león, lo que le da al pez león su nombre común. La forma y la coloración de su cuerpo le proporcionará la capacidad para mezclarse con el entorno, que normalmente se llama camuflaje.

Pterois tiene varias espinas dorsales venenosas; este veneno se dice que es doloroso, pero la picadura de un pez león no es fatal para los seres humanos. Tanto la mímica como el veneno son una defensa importante. Cuando un depredador identifica cualquier Pterois disfrazado con el hábitat, la picadura de la espalda la mantendrá alejado a los depredadores por un tiempo bastante largo. El cuerpo de la mayoría de Pterois está dominado por el color marrón, o, a veces, marrón con franjas blancas a lo largo del cuerpo y las aletas. Pterois vive en los océanos Índico y Pacífico, especialmente en los arrecifes de coral, es popular como un pez de acuario marino.

Pteropterus ha sido reclasificado como Pterois.

Especies

Se reconocen las siguientes según WoRMS:.[1]

Identificación

Referencias

  1. Froese, R. and D. Pauly, ed. (2018). «Pterois». World Register of Marine Species (en inglés). Consultado el 31 de agosto de 2018.

 title=
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Pterois: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Pterois es un género de peces marinos venenosos encontrados principalmente en el Indo-Pacífico. Los peces del género Pterois tienen un par de aletas en forma de abanico en las aletas pectorales y una punzante primera aleta dorsal. Estas aletas dan al pescado la impresión de melena del león, lo que le da al pez león su nombre común. La forma y la coloración de su cuerpo le proporcionará la capacidad para mezclarse con el entorno, que normalmente se llama camuflaje.

Pterois tiene varias espinas dorsales venenosas; este veneno se dice que es doloroso, pero la picadura de un pez león no es fatal para los seres humanos. Tanto la mímica como el veneno son una defensa importante. Cuando un depredador identifica cualquier Pterois disfrazado con el hábitat, la picadura de la espalda la mantendrá alejado a los depredadores por un tiempo bastante largo. El cuerpo de la mayoría de Pterois está dominado por el color marrón, o, a veces, marrón con franjas blancas a lo largo del cuerpo y las aletas. Pterois vive en los océanos Índico y Pacífico, especialmente en los arrecifes de coral, es popular como un pez de acuario marino.

Pteropterus ha sido reclasificado como Pterois.

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Pterois ( Francês )

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Pterois est un genre de poissons de la famille des Scorpaenidae (la plupart sont appelés « rascasses »). Ce sont des poissons colorés et rayés, pourvus de nageoires à longs rayons équipées de glandes contenant un puissant venin[1]. Ses couleurs vives sont en fait des couleurs d'avertissement afin de prévenir les autres animaux de son caractère dangereux.

Depuis quelques années, les espèces P. volitans et P. miles (souvent appelées « poisson-lion ») sont devenues des espèces exotiques envahissantes significatives pour les régions de l’Atlantique Ouest, de la mer des Caraïbes et du golfe du Mexique, ainsi qu'en Méditerranée.

Liste des espèces

Selon World Register of Marine Species (22 janvier 2017)[2] :

Caractéristiques d’un bon colonisateur

Le poisson lion est un prédateur vorace, piscivore, très abondant et hautement généraliste. Son haut taux de consommation lui confère un caractère de compétiteur robuste au sein du réseau trophique [3]. Les adultes ne possèdent peu ou pas de prédateurs naturels à cause de leurs épines venimeuses [4]. La femelle fraie tous les 4 jours, fréquence équivalente à une fécondité annuelle de 2 millions d’œufs par femelle[5]. De plus, les poissons lions atteignent la maturité sexuelle dès leur première année de vie selon cette même source. Pour ces raisons, la rascasse est dotée d'une très grande capacité colonisatrice dans l'Atlantique Ouest.

Répartition et introduction invasive

La rascasse volante est une espèce de poisson indigène des récifs coralliens de la région Indo-Pacifique. Son apparition récente en Atlantique Ouest représente une introduction induite par l’homme[6]. Depuis qu'elle a été observé en Floride, il y a un peu plus de dix ans[7], sa présence n’a cessé de croître et d'être documentée sur la côte Atlantique. Il est donc estimé que depuis environ 1985, un tout nouvel habitat s'est ouvert pour la rascasse lui permettant ainsi de coloniser les récifs américains des Caraïbes, du Golfe du Mexique jusqu’aux eaux de la côte Sud-Est des États-Unis, aussi haut qu’en Caroline du Nord et Long Island, New York [5].

Le rythme de propagation combiné à son amplitude ont un impact profond sur les écosystèmes et alarment les spécialistes. La propagation rapide représente une menace majeure pour le réseau trophique des récifs coralliens dans les Caraïbes en diminuant le taux de survie d’une large variété d’espèces indigènes par la prédation[8]. L’étendue de son introduction est problématique et présente plusieurs enjeux directement liés aux écosystèmes colonisés, mais aussi indirectement rattachée à l’homme.

C’est en 2002 que le « National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration » (NOAA) fait la levée médiatique sur l’espèce invasive et commence à compiler toutes observations et rapports du public, par photo, vidéo ou site de localisation géographique de l’observation de Pterois volitans afin d’archiver les données. Ces observations auront une grande importance dans la compréhension et dans la détermination des courants responsables de la dispersion de l’espèce[9].

Plus récemment, depuis 2012 au moins, le Sud Est de la méditerranée est également envahi par des Pterois Mileshi, il est ainsi courant d'en trouver au large du Liban de la Turquie de la Tunisie et de Chypre.

Répartition géographique

Tout d’abord, la présente étendue colonisée par Pterois volitans/miles dans l’Atlantique Ouest peut être divisée en régions distinctes : Côte Atlantique des États-Unis, du New Jersey jusqu’aux Keys de Floride; les Bermudes, les Bahamas, les îles Turques et Caïques et les îles Caïmans; les Antilles supérieures comprenant Puerto Rico; les Antilles inférieures, qui comprennent les Grenades, les Barbades; et finalement le Mexique, l’Amérique centrale et Amérique du Sud où il fut observé aussi bas qu’en Colombie et au Venezuela[10]. Comme au Nord des États-Unis, la température plus froide de l’eau de l'Amérique du Sud limite également la dispersion de l’espèce plus bas au Sud[11].

Modes de diffusion

Les œufs et larves de rascasses sont de nature pélagique et sont capables de se disperser sur de larges distances via les courants océaniques[12]. Dans son intervalle d'introduction, la rascasse est principalement distribuée dans la portion nordique du plateau continental, adjacent au courant occidental de l’hémisphère nord. Évidemment, les courants (i.e. le Gulf Stream, la courroie du Golfe du Mexique, le courant des Caraïbes) facilitent la dispersion de l'espèce exotique en transportant les œufs et les juvéniles vers de nouvelles limites, ce qui explique une portion de cette immense colonisation géographique[13]. De plus, la diffusion rapide de Pterois volitans/miles démontre le potentiel de dispersion des poissons introduits ainsi que le potentiel reproducteur une fois installés dans un écosystème. Par-contre, la distribution est tout de même restreinte par les limites naturelles de l’espèce, telle la température peu clémente (maximum 10 °C) des hivers américains au Nord et les mécanismes de diffusion planctonique par les courants marins au Sud du Continent[11]. Des juvéniles ont aussi été observés sporadiquement sur les côtes du New-Jersey, Long Island et Rhode Island, à la fin de l’été et début de l’automne, mais leur survie en hiver n’est pas prévisible[11]. Ces données suggèrent incontestablement l’ampleur du territoire envahi, démontre que la rascasse est bel et bien établie et qu'elle s'y reproduit abondamment[13].

Causes de l'introduction

 src=
Eaux de ballasts déversées dans la mer

En 1985, la première observation d’une rascasse fut observée par un pêcheur à proximité de Dania en Floride[5]. La suivante fut rapportée presque dix ans plus tard, à la suite de la libération de six spécimens lors de l’Ouragan Andrew en août 1992. Celui-ci aurait causé la fracture de la vitre d’un bassin d’Aquarium dans le sud de la Floride et aurait provoqué la fuite accidentelles de ces individus dans les eaux américaines de l’Atlantique [14],[15]. Par contre selon le National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cette source ne serait pas la cause de l’invasion et cette hypothèse est maintenant rejetée par la communauté scientifique, l’explication la plus probable étant le commerce des aquariums et les eaux de ballasts des cargos commerciaux. Étant donné la voracité de l’espèce, l’introduction de ce poisson dans un aquarium peut causer la mort par prédation des autres espèces cohabitants le bassin. Plusieurs aquariophiles auraient rapporté avoir rejeté Pterois à l’eau plutôt que de le tuer, à la suite du constat de la perte d’espèces collectionnées mangé par la rascasse[9].

Impacts, effets et risques

Impacts écologiques

La première évidence documentée de l’impact de Pterois volitans/miles dans leur nouvel habitat de l’Atlantique, est une réduction de 79 % de la biomasse de poissons piscivores dans le récif[8]. Ce résultat est alarmant puisque la complexité du réseau trophique est un indicateur de la santé globale de l’écosystème corallien[16]. La densité et l’abondance de rascasses trouvées à certaines localisations font grandir les craintes quant à l’extermination d’une grande portion de la biodiversité consommée par le prédateur vorace.

De plus, une des raisons pour lesquelles la rascasse ne pose pas de problèmes en territoire indigène Indo-Pacifique est qu’elle est chassée par les prédateurs naturels tels que les mérous, qui sont eux aussi une espèce piscivore. Par-contre, si le rôle des grands prédateurs est primordial au maintien de la santé des communautés et des écosystèmes marins, leurs diminutions affaiblissent en conséquence les écosystèmes et facilitent l’implantation d’autres espèces comme la rascasse[17]. Les grands poissons comme les requins, les raies et les mérous, qui représentent de potentiels compétiteurs du poisson lion, sont sur-pêchés par l’homme et cette diminution d’abondance des régulateurs trophiques, incite la rascasse à persister dans de nouvelles niches et habitats au sein des récifs américains[17].

Impacts économiques

Les impacts économiques de l'implantation définitive de la rascasse sont non négligeables. La rascasse se nourrit directement de juvéniles de toutes sortes d'espèces de poissons. La pression par la prédation sur les juvéniles diminue le recrutement des adultes et augmente ainsi la pression de prédation sur des espèces économiquement importantes pour la pêche[9]. Ces espèces commercialement importantes sont par-exemple le vivaneau à queue jaune et le mérou. Cette pression a le potentiel de diminuer les stocks qui constituent des revenus importants pour le secteur de la pêche en Amérique[18]. L’exemple de la moule zébrée dans les Grands Lacs est un bon exemple d’invasions à large spectre. Celle-ci a soulevé des inquiétudes considérables par les gouvernements américains et canadiens concernant les impacts néfastes sur l’économie et l’environnement par l’introduction d’une seule espèce envahissante [19]. De nouveaux estimés suggèrent que le coût relié aux espèces invasives uniquement aux États-Unis s’élèvent à 137 milliards de dollars annuellement[20] afin de prévenir, gérer et contrôler ces espèces nocives.

Contrôle, efforts et gestion

L’Organisation des Nations unies a développé la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer en 1982. Le traité mandate la protection et la conservation de l’environnement marin pour l’introduction intentionnelle ou non intentionnelle d’espèces envahissantes. Les eaux de ballasts des cargos, bateaux commerciaux, et embarcations de plaisance sont des vecteurs responsables du succès de l’introduction d’espèces marines envahissantes[21]. Depuis 20 ans, il y a eu un nombre exponentiel d’introductions d’espèces exotiques marines principalement causées par le trafic maritime et le transport international des invertébrés marins dans les eaux de ballasts[22]. Cette convention sur le droit de la mer veille justement à prévenir et réguler l'introduction d'espèces exotiques envahissantes à l'échelle mondiale.

Plusieurs efforts sont présentement déployés afin de comprendre et mieux contrôler la problématique reliée à l’introduction de la rascasse. Certains moyens sont plus innovateurs que d’autres, tels la recherche conduite aux îles Caïmans[23] et aux Bahamas. Des scientifiques essaient d’apprendre aux mérous des Caraïbes à se nourrir de la rascasse. Les chercheurs du Petit Caïman suggèrent que le mérou et le requin nourrice commencent à pratiquer la prédation sur la rascasse[24]. Les mérous de récifs ont démontré l’habilité à conférer une résistance biotique à la rascasse, contrôlant à la baisse, l'abondance des populations de rascasses au sein d'un récif des Bahamas[25]. Au Parc marin de Roatán, au Honduras, on pense également que les requins peuvent être dressés afin de consommer la rascasse et par le fait même, contribuer au contrôle des populations locales de rascasses volantes[26].

NOAA a aussi lancé la campagne de « consommation durable »[27] où l'on invite la population américaine à consommer la rascasse. Afin d’inciter la pêche commerciale à développer le marché de la rascasse, ce moyen pourrait favoriser le contrôle des niveaux de populations et ainsi affaiblir l'espèce envahissante[9].

Les Bahamas et les Bermudes ont eux aussi implanté un programme de chasse à la rascasse volante respectivement en 2007 et 2008. Ce programme inclut un entrainement, une licence de droit de collecte et un drapeau de plongée sous-marine commerciale et récréative pour les pêcheurs, apnéistes et plongeurs qui harponnent la rascasse dans les récifs près du large[5].

Actuellement, plusieurs destinations touristiques de plongée sous-marine effectuent l’éradication routinière de la rascasse en amenant des harpons et des filets portables afin de réduire les risques d’interactions entre le poisson et les plongeurs[5].

La Convention sur la diversité biologique conduit également des réunions de travail avec les pays des Caraïbes et leurs gestionnaires locaux afin d’élaborer des stratégies de contrôle à l’introduction d’espèces exotiques envahissantes en milieux marins ce qui représente la première ligne de défense au contrôle des espèces marines envahissantes[28].

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Pterois: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Pterois est un genre de poissons de la famille des Scorpaenidae (la plupart sont appelés « rascasses »). Ce sont des poissons colorés et rayés, pourvus de nageoires à longs rayons équipées de glandes contenant un puissant venin. Ses couleurs vives sont en fait des couleurs d'avertissement afin de prévenir les autres animaux de son caractère dangereux.

Depuis quelques années, les espèces P. volitans et P. miles (souvent appelées « poisson-lion ») sont devenues des espèces exotiques envahissantes significatives pour les régions de l’Atlantique Ouest, de la mer des Caraïbes et du golfe du Mexique, ainsi qu'en Méditerranée.

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Dragainéad ( Irlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia GA

Iasc domhainuisce le colainn chaol, cosúil le nathair. Suas le 40 cm ar fhad. An ceann gearr le béal an-fhada, ag iompar fiacla géill, cosúil le goineoga. Orgáin solais i línte ar thaobh íochtarach na colainne, taobh thiar de na súile, agus ar bharbal fada ón smig, a fheidhmíonn mar bhaoite chun creach a aomadh.

 src=
Tá an t-alt seo bunaithe ar ábhar as Fréamh an Eolais, ciclipéid eolaíochta agus teicneolaíochta leis an Ollamh Matthew Hussey, foilsithe ag Coiscéim sa bhliain 2011. Tá comhluadar na Vicipéide go mór faoi chomaoin acu beirt as ucht cead a thabhairt an t-ábhar ón leabhar a roinnt linn go léir.
 src=
Is síol é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Lepu ( Indonésio )

fornecido por wikipedia ID
 src=
Lepu Ayam (Pterois Volitans)

Lepu adalah sekelompok spesies ikan laut yang beracun yang tergabung dalam genus Pterois, Parapterois, Brachypterois, Ebosia atau Dendrochirus dari keluarga Scorpaenidae. Lepu merupakan spesies predator. Ketika berburu, mereka akan menyudutkan buruannya dengan sirip besarnya dan dengan refleks cepatnya mereka menekan buruannya sekaligus. Lepu dikenal karena durinya yang panjang dan memiliki warna merah, coklat, oranye, kuning, hitam atau putih berselang-seling. Kelompok ikan ini diklasifikasikan sebagai sebuah subfamili (Pteroinae) atau sebuah suku di bawah Scorpaeninae (Pteroini).

Habitat Lepu berada di bebatuan karang wilayah Indo-Pasifik. Beberapa spesies juga ditemukan di pantai timur Atlantik dari Long Island sampai Florida.

Spesies

  • Lepu Ayam (Pterois Volitans, P. Russeli)
  • Lepu Angin (Scorpaena Guttata)
  • Lepu Tembaga (Synanceja Horrdia)
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Lepu: Brief Summary ( Indonésio )

fornecido por wikipedia ID
 src= Lepu Ayam (Pterois Volitans)

Lepu adalah sekelompok spesies ikan laut yang beracun yang tergabung dalam genus Pterois, Parapterois, Brachypterois, Ebosia atau Dendrochirus dari keluarga Scorpaenidae. Lepu merupakan spesies predator. Ketika berburu, mereka akan menyudutkan buruannya dengan sirip besarnya dan dengan refleks cepatnya mereka menekan buruannya sekaligus. Lepu dikenal karena durinya yang panjang dan memiliki warna merah, coklat, oranye, kuning, hitam atau putih berselang-seling. Kelompok ikan ini diklasifikasikan sebagai sebuah subfamili (Pteroinae) atau sebuah suku di bawah Scorpaeninae (Pteroini).

Habitat Lepu berada di bebatuan karang wilayah Indo-Pasifik. Beberapa spesies juga ditemukan di pantai timur Atlantik dari Long Island sampai Florida.

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Pterois ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Pterois Oken, 1817 è un genere di pesci d'acqua salata della famiglia Scorpaenidae, che comprende 10 specie conosciute come pesci scorpione o pesci cobra.

Descrizione

 src=
Testa di Pterois sp.

La testa è relativamente piccola, la bocca grande, gli occhi sporgenti, spesso sormontati da due escrescenze (presenti anche intorno al mento). La fronte è alta, il dorso curvo, mentre il ventre poco pronunciato. Il corpo si restringe verso il peduncolo caudale, che precede una coda piuttosto larga, tondeggiante.

I primi raggi della pinna dorsale e di quella anale sono in realtà aculei veleniferi, ben eretti dal pesce quando è in situazione di pericolo. L'apparato velenifero consiste in 12-13 aculei sulla pinna dorsale e 3 in quella anale, tutti composti da aculei cavi collegati a una ghiandola velenifera; i raggi delle pinne pettorali sono aculei pieni, non velenosi.

La livrea, anche se differente da specie a specie, è tendenzialmente bruno-rossastra e bianca.

Distribuzione e habitat

Queste specie sono diffuse nelle aree tropicali dell'Indo-Pacifico.

Tassonomia

Al genere appartengono 10 specie[1]:

 src=
Pterois radiata: segno distintivo i lunghi raggi bianchi non collegati tra loro da alcuna membrana

Tossicità

Gli avvelenamenti da tossina di Pterois volitans vengono classificati in tre gradi. Avvelenamenti di grado I producono eritema, ecchimosi o anche cianosi della parte colpita. Al grado II compaiono vesciche attorno alla puntura. Avvelenamenti di grado III producono necrosi locale e variazione della sensibilità, che possono durare anche per più giorni.

Più rari sono gli effetti a livello sistemico, che includono: dolore alla testa, nausea, vomito, dolori e crampi addominali, paralisi agli arti, iper- o ipotensione, difficoltà respiratoria, ischemia del miocardio, edema polmonare, sincope. Sono stati documentati rari casi di decesso.

Il primo e più importante trattamento dopo una puntura è l'immersione della parte colpita in acqua calda (circa 45 °C), perché riduce il dolore e inattiva la tossina.

Acquariofilia

Nonostante la pericolosità e la puntura dolorosa, alcune specie sono ambìte dagli acquariofili specializzati in acquari marini.

Note

  1. ^ Elenco specie Pterois, in FishBase. URL consultato il 10 settembre 2014.

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Pterois: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Pterois Oken, 1817 è un genere di pesci d'acqua salata della famiglia Scorpaenidae, che comprende 10 specie conosciute come pesci scorpione o pesci cobra.

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Spārnskorpēnas ( Letão )

fornecido por wikipedia LV

Spārnskorpēnas (Pterois) ir skorpēnzivju dzimtas (Scorpaenidae) ģints, kurai pieder desmit tropu jūrās mītošas sugas. Spārnskorpēnu raksturīgākā pazīme ir garas, krāšņās spuras, kas slēpj indīgus dzeloņus.

Izskats

Garums līdz 48 cm, spuras līdz 80 cm. Krūts spuras platas, reizēm velk tās pa ūdeni kā tīklu un tādā veidā mutes priekšā sadzen mazas zivtiņas, kuras uzreiz apēd. Mute plati atvērta, kas kalpo kā lamatas atbilstoša lieluma lomam.

Ķermeni klāj visdažādāko sarkanu, baltu, krēmkrāsas, melnu nokrāsu un toņu joslas. Šādi savu tikšanos ar spārnskorpēnu apraksta Džeralds Darels:

"Skorpēna bija ap septiņas collas gara, spēcīgiem žokļiem, lielām, sarkanām acīm un īgnu izteiksmi. Zivs bija sārtā un oranžā krāsā, izraibota ar melnām rūtiņām, svītrām un plankumiem. Krūšu spuras tai bija ļoti garas, tādēļ izskatījās, it kā no žaunu apakšas tai būtu izaugušas divas sārtas rokas ar izstīdzējušiem pirkstiem. Pa visu muguru rindā stiepās sarkani dzelkšņi, kas varēja kļūt nāvējoši. Vispār tā bija krāšņa zivs un pamanīta uzmirdzēja kā milzu dārgakmens; es pat nepaguvu ievērot, kā zivs sakustējās, kad tā ar visu savu svītraino un plankumaino tērpu bija pazudusi iedobes dziļumā".

Izplatība

Dzīvo Indijas un Klusā okeāna piekrastes koraļļu rifu zonā, no Āfrikas austrumiem līdz Jaungvinejai, Austrālijai, Filipīnām un Klusā okeāna rietumu salu apkārtnē.

Dzīvesveids

Vienpates, peld atklātā jūrā un starp koraļļu rifiem, dažas sugas uzturas jūras dibenā.

Spuru pagarinājumiem ir dziļas rievas, kurās ir indes dziedzera kanāls. Ja tuvojas briesmas, spārnskorpēna iztaisno dzeloņus Atliek tikai tai pieskaries, lai inde no dziedzeriem ieplūstu rētā, ko radījis dzelonis.

Barība

Pārtiek no mazām zivīm, vēžveidīgajiem, ieskaitot garneles un krabjus. Dzeloņus ar indi, kas paralizē nervu sistēmu, spārnskorpēna izmanto tikai aizsargājoties.

Aizsargmehānismi

Skorpēnzivju dzimtas zinātniskais nosaukums Scorpaenidae asociējas ar indīgajiem skorpioniem. Ķermenis nosēts ar gariem, asiem dzeloņiem, bet katram dzelonim ir indes dziedzeris. Skorpēnzivju inde ir neirotoksiska. Pēc uzbrukuma lielākās zivis tiek paralizētas. Cilvēkam saindēšanās nav tik dramatiska, taču rada sāpīgus savainojumus. Rēta ļoti ilgi dzīst.

Galerija


Literatūra

  • Džeralds Darels. Sārtie baloži un zeltainie sikspārņi. Rīga. Zinātne. 1981
  • Жизнь животных ы 6-ти томах. Рыбы. М.:Просвещение. 1983
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Spārnskorpēnas: Brief Summary ( Letão )

fornecido por wikipedia LV

Spārnskorpēnas (Pterois) ir skorpēnzivju dzimtas (Scorpaenidae) ģints, kurai pieder desmit tropu jūrās mītošas sugas. Spārnskorpēnu raksturīgākā pazīme ir garas, krāšņās spuras, kas slēpj indīgus dzeloņus.

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wikipedia LV

Koraalduivel ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Vissen

De naam koraalduivel (Spaans: pex león, Engels: Lion Fish; "leeuwvis") verwijst meestal naar schorpioenvissen van het geslacht Pterois. De taxonomie van de schorpioenvissen is echter nogal ingewikkeld en er bestaat geen consensus over. Verder wordt de Nederlandse naam koraalduivel ook wel gebruikt voor vissen uit andere geslachten van de Scorpaenidae zoals Parapterois, Brachypterois, Dendrochirus en Ebosia.

Verspreiding en gevaren

De koraalduivel is een tropische vis die oorspronkelijk alleen in de wateren van de Indische en Grote Oceaan voorkwam, maar vermoedelijk door uitgezette huisdieren ook in de Caribische Zee en Noord-Atlantische kust van de Verenigde Staten zijn terechtgekomen. Hier vormen ze een groot gevaar voor andere vissen aangezien de koraalduivel alle jonge vissen eet.[1] Er zijn zelfs speciale programma's opgesteld om dit dier te bejagen in de gebieden waar hij van oorsprong niet thuishoort of roofdieren zoals de grouper en barracuda te 'trainen' om de koraalduivel te bejagen.

Overzicht soorten in geslacht Pterois

Bron

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Koraalduivel: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De naam koraalduivel (Spaans: pex león, Engels: Lion Fish; "leeuwvis") verwijst meestal naar schorpioenvissen van het geslacht Pterois. De taxonomie van de schorpioenvissen is echter nogal ingewikkeld en er bestaat geen consensus over. Verder wordt de Nederlandse naam koraalduivel ook wel gebruikt voor vissen uit andere geslachten van de Scorpaenidae zoals Parapterois, Brachypterois, Dendrochirus en Ebosia.

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Drakefisker ( Norueguês )

fornecido por wikipedia NO
Question book-new.svg
Denne artikkelen mangler kildehenvisninger, og opplysningene i den kan dermed være vanskelige å verifisere. Kildeløst materiale kan bli fjernet. Helt uten kilder. (10. okt. 2015)

Drakefisker er flere arter giftige fisk, i slektene Pterois og Dendrochirus. Alle er skorpionfisker.

Drakefisker er rovfisk. Når de jakter, avskjærer de byttet med sine store finner, og sluker det deretter. Drakefiskene hører hjemme i indo-stillehavs-regionen. De kan gjenkjennes på sine ekstremt lange og piggete ryggfinner, og har et stripete utseende, rødt, brunt eller svart på hvitt. De er tilgjengelige i akvariehandelen, men giften i piggene er ekstremt smertefull, og drakefisk anbefales derfor kun til den forsiktige akvaristen.

De er hardføre og sykdomsresistente fisk, men det har ikke blitt rapportert om at noen har klart å ale dem opp i akvarium.

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Drakefisker: Brief Summary ( Norueguês )

fornecido por wikipedia NO

Drakefisker er flere arter giftige fisk, i slektene Pterois og Dendrochirus. Alle er skorpionfisker.

Drakefisker er rovfisk. Når de jakter, avskjærer de byttet med sine store finner, og sluker det deretter. Drakefiskene hører hjemme i indo-stillehavs-regionen. De kan gjenkjennes på sine ekstremt lange og piggete ryggfinner, og har et stripete utseende, rødt, brunt eller svart på hvitt. De er tilgjengelige i akvariehandelen, men giften i piggene er ekstremt smertefull, og drakefisk anbefales derfor kun til den forsiktige akvaristen.

De er hardføre og sykdomsresistente fisk, men det har ikke blitt rapportert om at noen har klart å ale dem opp i akvarium.

 src=

Drakefisk i Melbourne Aquarium

 src=

Drakefisk ved Hurghada i Rødehavet

 src=

Klarfinnet drakefisk, Pterois radiata

 src=

Drakefisk i Andaman-sjøen

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Pterois ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Pteroisrodzaj ryb skorpenokształtnych z rodziny skorpenowatych, nazywanych skrzydlicami[2][3] (z powodu kształtu płetw piersiowych przypominających skrzydła ptaków) lub ognicami[4][5] (z powodu ognistego ubarwienia albo z powodu rwącego bólu wywołanego ich jadem).

Występowanie

Ryby z rodzaju Pterois występują w okolicach raf koralowych w morzach tropikalnych i subtropikalnych[6]. Kolce ich płetwy grzbietowej są połączone z gruczołami jadowymi. Ukłucia ognic są bardzo bolesne, a w niektórych przypadkach mogą być dla człowieka śmiertelne[2].

Klasyfikacja

Gatunki zaliczane do tego rodzaju[7]:

Przypisy

  1. Pterois, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. a b Mały słownik zoologiczny: ryby. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1976.
  3. a b c d e f Eugeniusz Grabda, Tomasz Heese: Polskie nazewnictwo popularne krągłouste i ryby – Cyclostomata et Pisces. Koszalin: Wyższa Szkoła Inżynierska w Koszalinie, 1991.
  4. a b c d e f Stanislav Frank: Wielki atlas ryb. Przekład: Henryk Szelęgiewicz. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, 1974.
  5. Jerzy Gronau: Słownik nazw ryb. Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 1994. ISBN 83-901154-9-2.
  6. Biologia. Multimedialna encyklopedia PWN Edycja 2.0. pwn.pl Sp. z o.o., 2008. ISBN 978-83-61492-24-5.
  7. Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fricke, R.: Catalog of Fishes electronic version (2 October 2012) (ang.). California Academy of Sciences. [dostęp 19 listopada 2012].
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Pterois: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Pterois – rodzaj ryb skorpenokształtnych z rodziny skorpenowatych, nazywanych skrzydlicami (z powodu kształtu płetw piersiowych przypominających skrzydła ptaków) lub ognicami (z powodu ognistego ubarwienia albo z powodu rwącego bólu wywołanego ich jadem).

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Peixe-leão ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT
 src=
Peixe-leão fotografado no Mar Vermelho

Peixe-leão, peixe-peru, peixe-dragão, peixe-escorpião e peixe-pedra são alguns nomes vulgares para uma grande variedade de peixes marinhos venenosos dos gêneros Pterois, Parapterois, Brachypterois, Ebosia ou Dendrochirus, pertencentes à família Scorpaenidae.[1] Um dos seus representantes mais conhecidos é o peixe-leão-vermelho.

Os peixes-leões são predadores vorazes. Quando estão caçando, encurralam as presas com seus espinhos e,[2] num movimento rápido, engolem-nas. Eles são conhecidos pelos seus enormes espinhos dorsais e pela coloração listrada, de cores vermelha, marrom, laranja, amarela, preta ou branca.[3]

Os peixes-leões são nativos da região Indo-Pacífica, vivendo sempre próximos à recifes de coral,[3] mas algumas espécies podem ser encontradas em outras regiões do mundo. Devido a uma recente introdução, podem ser encontrados no oeste do Oceano Atlântico e Mar do Caribe.[4]

Os peixes-leões vivem até 15 anos e podem pesar até 200g. Durante o dia preferem se abrigar em cavernas ou fendas, sendo animais de hábitos noturnos. Alimentam-se de pequenos peixes e normalmente só os comem vivos, mas em cativeiro podem ser habituados a comer camarão congelado. São ovíparos[3] e a desova acontece à noite.

Veneno

 src=
Peixe-leão fotografado no Suma Aqualife Park - Japão

O veneno dos peixes-leões é inoculado através de espinhos localizados nas regiões dorsal, pélvica e anal.[3] Geralmente possuem de 12 a 13 espinhos dorsais, 2 pélvicos e 3 anais. Cada espinho possui duas glândulas que produzem e armazenam veneno. Os peixes-leão também possuem espinhos peitorais, porém estes não possuem glândulas de veneno.

A potência do veneno varia de acordo com a espécie e tamanho do peixe-leão. Os principais efeitos são: dor intensa localizada, seguida de edema local, podendo também a vítima sentir náuseas, tontura, fraqueza muscular, respiração ofegante e dor de cabeça.

O veneno dos peixes-leões é constituído de proteínas termossensíveis, que são vulneráveis ao calor e se desnaturam facilmente. Os primeiros socorros constituem-se na imersão do local afetado em água quente (43-45 °C) por 30 a 40 minutos ou até a dor diminuir.[3]

Referências

  1. AquariaCentral.com - Lionfish (em inglês)
  2. Gerry Allen; "Marine Fishes of South Asia"; pp. 74 – 76; Periplus ed; (HK); (1999); ISBN 962-953-267-4
  3. a b c d e Rudie H. Kuiter & Helmut Debelius; "Southeast Asia Tropical Fish Guide"; pp. 76 – 79; IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv; 2 ed; (1997).
  4. Notícia sobre o aparecimento de peixes-leões no Atlântico ocidental no Diário de Notícias de Portugal, acesso em 24 de setembro de 2010 no site sapo.pt[ligação inativa]
 title=
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original
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wikipedia PT

Peixe-leão: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT
 src= Peixe-leão fotografado no Mar Vermelho

Peixe-leão, peixe-peru, peixe-dragão, peixe-escorpião e peixe-pedra são alguns nomes vulgares para uma grande variedade de peixes marinhos venenosos dos gêneros Pterois, Parapterois, Brachypterois, Ebosia ou Dendrochirus, pertencentes à família Scorpaenidae. Um dos seus representantes mais conhecidos é o peixe-leão-vermelho.

Os peixes-leões são predadores vorazes. Quando estão caçando, encurralam as presas com seus espinhos e, num movimento rápido, engolem-nas. Eles são conhecidos pelos seus enormes espinhos dorsais e pela coloração listrada, de cores vermelha, marrom, laranja, amarela, preta ou branca.

Os peixes-leões são nativos da região Indo-Pacífica, vivendo sempre próximos à recifes de coral, mas algumas espécies podem ser encontradas em outras regiões do mundo. Devido a uma recente introdução, podem ser encontrados no oeste do Oceano Atlântico e Mar do Caribe.

Os peixes-leões vivem até 15 anos e podem pesar até 200g. Durante o dia preferem se abrigar em cavernas ou fendas, sendo animais de hábitos noturnos. Alimentam-se de pequenos peixes e normalmente só os comem vivos, mas em cativeiro podem ser habituados a comer camarão congelado. São ovíparos e a desova acontece à noite.

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Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
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site do parceiro
wikipedia PT

Pterois ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Pterois är ett släkte saltvattensfiskar som huvudsakligen förekommer i Indiska oceanen och Stilla havet. Fiskarna i släktet har solfjädersformade bröstfenor och en upprättstående första fenstråle på ryggfenan, som tillsammans avlägset ger intrycket av en lejonman, därav det engelska namnet "lion fish". På svenska kallas de för drakfisk. Fiskarnas form och färg ger dem gott kamouflage.

Fiskarna i släktet är giftiga. Fenstrålarna i ryggfenan är ihåliga, som en injektionsnål, och innehåller ett giftigt protein. Ett stick sägs ge upphov till kraftig smärta, men skall normalt inte vara dödligt. Giftet är dock värmekänsligt och kan, under gynnsamma omständigheter, neutraliseras med riktigt hett vatten.

Fiskarna i släktet kan hållas som akvariefisk i saltvattensakvarier.

Taxonomi

Antalet arter i släktet varierar beroende på vilken källa man anlitar. FishBase listar nio arter (se taxoboxen till höger), medan ITIS listar tio.

Art FishBase ITIS Pterois andover X — Pterois antennata X X Pterois brevipectoralis — X Pterois kodipungi — X Pterois lunulata X X Pterois miles X X Pterois mombasae X X Pterois radiata X X Pterois russelii X X Pterois sphex X X Pterois volitans X X


Galleri

Källor

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, Pterois, 5 november 2009.

Externa länkar

Commons-logo.svg
Wikimedia Commons har media relaterad till Pterois.
Wikispecies-logo.svg
Wikispecies har information om Pterois.
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wikipedia SV

Pterois: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Pterois är ett släkte saltvattensfiskar som huvudsakligen förekommer i Indiska oceanen och Stilla havet. Fiskarna i släktet har solfjädersformade bröstfenor och en upprättstående första fenstråle på ryggfenan, som tillsammans avlägset ger intrycket av en lejonman, därav det engelska namnet "lion fish". På svenska kallas de för drakfisk. Fiskarnas form och färg ger dem gott kamouflage.

Fiskarna i släktet är giftiga. Fenstrålarna i ryggfenan är ihåliga, som en injektionsnål, och innehåller ett giftigt protein. Ett stick sägs ge upphov till kraftig smärta, men skall normalt inte vara dödligt. Giftet är dock värmekänsligt och kan, under gynnsamma omständigheter, neutraliseras med riktigt hett vatten.

Fiskarna i släktet kan hållas som akvariefisk i saltvattensakvarier.

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original
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wikipedia SV

Aslan balığı ( Turco )

fornecido por wikipedia TR

Aslan balığı (Pterois), Hint Okyanusu ve Büyük Okyanus'un batı kısımlarında mercan kayalıklarda yaşayan zehirli deniz balıklarından oluşan bir cinstir. İnsanlar için tehlike teşkil ederler. Kıyıya yakın yerler ile 50 metre derinlik arasındaki kısımlarda yaşarlar.

Yetişkinleri 40 cm uzunluğa değin erişebilirler. Gözlerinin üzerinde ve ağızlarının altında pervane benzeri pektoral yüzgeçlere iyedirler.

Üst kısımlarında bulunan iğnelerin insan ile teması sonucunda birkaç gün süren yanma, terleme ve solunum zorluğu görülebilir, hatta ölüme bile neden olabilir.

Türler

Bu cinste şu an 11 tanımlanmış tür vardır:

Resimler

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Matsunuma, M. & Motomura, H. (2014): Pterois paucispinula, a new species of lionfish (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) from the western Pacific Ocean. Ichthyological Research, Published online: 24 Dec 2014.

Dış bağlantılar

Commons-logo.svg Wikimedia Commons'ta Aslan balığı ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur. Wikispecies-logo.svg Wikispecies'te Aslan balığı ile ilgili detaylı taksonomi bilgileri bulunur.
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Aslan balığı: Brief Summary ( Turco )

fornecido por wikipedia TR

Aslan balığı (Pterois), Hint Okyanusu ve Büyük Okyanus'un batı kısımlarında mercan kayalıklarda yaşayan zehirli deniz balıklarından oluşan bir cinstir. İnsanlar için tehlike teşkil ederler. Kıyıya yakın yerler ile 50 metre derinlik arasındaki kısımlarda yaşarlar.

Yetişkinleri 40 cm uzunluğa değin erişebilirler. Gözlerinin üzerinde ve ağızlarının altında pervane benzeri pektoral yüzgeçlere iyedirler.

Üst kısımlarında bulunan iğnelerin insan ile teması sonucunda birkaç gün süren yanma, terleme ve solunum zorluğu görülebilir, hatta ölüme bile neden olabilir.

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original
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Крилатка (риба) ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK
У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Крилатка (значення).

Крилатка (Pterois) — рід скорпеноподібних риб родини скорпенових (Scorpaenidae). Рід поширений в Індо-Тихоокеанській зоні. Види P. volitans і P. miles стали інвазивними видами в західній частині Атлантичного океану, Карибському та Середземному морях.[1][2]

Опис

Тіло завдовжки 20-40 см та вагою до 1,5 кг. Ці риби добре відомі дайверам та натуралістам своїм яскравим забарвленням та отруйними шипами.

Спосіб життя

Мешкають серед коралових рифів, у лагунах, біля узбережжя на глибині до 50 м. Активний хижак, що живиться дрібною рибою, безхребетними та молюсками.

Класифікація

Рід містить 12 видів[3]

Примітки

  1. Lionfish invading the Mediterranean Sea.. Plymouth University.
  2. Invasive Lionfish Arrive in the Mediterranean. Scientific American. 28 червня 2016.
  3. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). Види роду Pterois на FishBase. Версія за December 2012 року.


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Крилатка (риба): Brief Summary ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK
У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Крилатка (значення).

Крилатка (Pterois) — рід скорпеноподібних риб родини скорпенових (Scorpaenidae). Рід поширений в Індо-Тихоокеанській зоні. Види P. volitans і P. miles стали інвазивними видами в західній частині Атлантичного океану, Карибському та Середземному морях.

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original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia UK

Cá sư tử ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI
Cá sư tử Red lionfish near Gilli Banta Island.JPG Pterois volitans Phân loại sinh học e Unrecognized taxon (fix): Pterois
Cá sư tử

Cá sư tử là một trong nhiều loài cá biển có nọc độc thuộc chi Pterois, Parapterois, Brachypterois, Ebosia hay Dendrochirus của họ Cá mù làn (Scorpaenidae). Cá sư tử cũng có tên Cá Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, Cá mao tiên hay Cá bò cạp[1]. Chúng có các tua dài, thân có nhiều sọc màu đỏ, vàng, da cam, nâu, đen hoặc trắng.

Nơi sinh sống

Cá sư tử sông ở vùng biển nhiệt đới thuộc Ấn Độ Dương-Thái Bình Dương nhưng một số loài có thể sống trên khắp thế giới. Do được con người đưa đi, gần đây người ta còn thấy sự hiện diện của cá sư tử ở các vùng san hô ấm của Đông Đại Tây Dươngbiển Caribe[2].

Chú thích

  1. ^ Mike McEwan, "A Fierce Predator: When the Lionfish shows its aggressive looks, its no bluff", Aquaria Central
  2. ^ Whitfield P.; Gardner T.; Vives S. P.; Gilligan M. R.; Courtney Jr. W. R.; Ray G. C.; Hare J. A. (2003). “The Introduction and Dispersal of the Indo-Pacific Lionfish (Pterois volitans) Along the Atlantic bờ biển của North America”. Trong: SF Norton (chủ biên). Diving for Science...2003. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (22nd Annual Scientific Diving Symposium). Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 8 năm 2008.

Liên kết ngoài

Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết Lớp Cá vây tia này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cá sư tử: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI
Cá sư tử

Cá sư tử là một trong nhiều loài cá biển có nọc độc thuộc chi Pterois, Parapterois, Brachypterois, Ebosia hay Dendrochirus của họ Cá mù làn (Scorpaenidae). Cá sư tử cũng có tên Cá Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, Cá mao tiên hay Cá bò cạp. Chúng có các tua dài, thân có nhiều sọc màu đỏ, vàng, da cam, nâu, đen hoặc trắng.

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Крылатки ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Группа: Рыбы
Группа: Костные рыбы
Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
Надотряд: Колючепёрые
Серия: Перкоморфы
Подотряд: Скорпеновидные
Семейство: Скорпеновые
Подсемейство: Scorpaeninae
Род: Крылатки
Международное научное название

Pterois Oken, 1817

Синонимы
Pteropterus
Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 166882NCBI 185881EOL 24659

Крылатки[1] (лат. Pterois) — род лучепёрых рыб семейства скорпеновых. Общая длина тела от 20 см (P. andover, P. antennata) до 38 см (крылатка-зебра). Распространены в Индо-Тихоокеанской области[2].

Виды

В роде крылаток 10 видов[2]:

Примечания

  1. Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 374. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
  2. 1 2 Pterois (англ.) в базе данных FishBase.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Систематический список позвоночных животных в зоологических коллекциях на 01.01.2012 // Андреева Т. Ф., Вершинина Т. А., Горецкая М. Я., Карпов Н. В., Кузьмина Л. В., Остапенко В. А., Шевелёва В. П. Информационный сборник Евроазиатской региональной ассоциации зоопарков и аквариумов. Выпуск №31. Том II. Межвед. сбор. науч. и науч.-метод. тр. / Под ред. В. В. Спицина. — М.: Московский зоопарк, 2012. — С. 210. — 570 с. ISBN 978-5-904012-37-3 PDF Архивировано 24 мая 2013 года.
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Крылатки: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Крылатки (лат. Pterois) — род лучепёрых рыб семейства скорпеновых. Общая длина тела от 20 см (P. andover, P. antennata) до 38 см (крылатка-зебра). Распространены в Индо-Тихоокеанской области.

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蓑鮋屬 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

蓑鮋屬學名Pterois)通常稱作獅子魚,為有毒海水魚的一個,主要出現在印度洋-太平洋海域

 src=
魔鬼簑鮋P.volitans

本屬目前辨認出10個種[1]

形態

大西洋的蓑鮋身長約5~45公分,重約25克到1.3公斤[2][3][4]。蓑鮋聞名於他們華麗的造型、有毒的刺和獨特的觸角[5][6]。年輕獅子魚的眼窩上方有表型隨物種變異的特別觸角[5],學界猜想演化出此觸角是為了吸引獵物,也可能在擇偶有一席之地[5]

文獻

  1. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2014). Species of Pterois in FishBase. 2014年6月版本.
  2. ^ Whitfield PE, Hare J a, David AW, et al. Abundance estimates of the Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans/miles complex in the Western North Atlantic. Biological Invasions. 2006;9(1):53–64. Available at: http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov/labs/panama/documents/2006_Whitfield_et_al_Biol_Inv-1.pdf
  3. ^ Morris, J. a, & Akins, J. L. (2009). Feeding ecology of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) in the Bahamian archipelago. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 86(3), 389–398. doi:10.1007/s10641-009-9538-8.
  4. ^ Randall JE, Allen GR, Steene RC (1997) Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Morris, J. a, & Freshwater, D. W. (2007). Phenotypic variation of lionfish supraocular tentacles. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 83(2), 237–241. doi:10.1007/s10641-007-9326-2.
  6. ^ Church, J. E., & Hodgson, W. C. (2002). Adrenergic and cholinergic activity contributes to the cardiovascular effects of lionfish (Pterois volitans) venom. Toxicon, 40, 787–796.
 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:蓑鮋屬  src= 维基物种中的分类信息:蓑鮋屬
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蓑鮋屬: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

蓑鮋屬(學名:Pterois)通常稱作獅子魚,為有毒海水魚的一個,主要出現在印度洋-太平洋海域

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ミノカサゴ属 ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語
ミノカサゴ属 MC Rotfeuerfisch.jpg
ネッタイミノカサゴ Pterois antennata
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii : カサゴ目 Scorpaeniformes 亜目 : カサゴ亜目Scorpaenoidei : フサカサゴ科 Scorpaenidae 亜科 : ミノカサゴ亜科 Pteroinae : ミノカサゴ属 ''Pterois 学名 Pterois (Oken, 1817) 英名 Lionfish 種 本文参照

ミノカサゴ属Pterois)はインド洋サンゴ礁に住む有毒ので、英語では一般にlionfishと呼ばれる。赤、白、クリーム色や黒色の縞模様を持ち目を引く警告色、よく目立つ胸鰭、有毒の鰭条が特徴である[1]。多くの種に分類されているが、研究が進んでいるのはキミオコゼハナミノカサゴP. milesである。観賞魚としても人気がある[1]

[編集]

FishBaseによれば、ミノカサゴ属には以下の10種が含まれる[2]

関連項目[編集]

出典・脚注[編集]

  1. ^ a b National Geographic. “Lionfish”. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). Species of Pterois in FishBase. December 2012 version.
 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ミノカサゴ属に関連するカテゴリがあります。 執筆の途中です この項目は、魚類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然/プロジェクト:生物)。
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ミノカサゴ属: Brief Summary ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語

ミノカサゴ属(Pterois)はインド洋サンゴ礁に住む有毒ので、英語では一般にlionfishと呼ばれる。赤、白、クリーム色や黒色の縞模様を持ち目を引く警告色、よく目立つ胸鰭、有毒の鰭条が特徴である。多くの種に分類されているが、研究が進んでいるのはキミオコゼハナミノカサゴP. milesである。観賞魚としても人気がある。

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wikipedia 日本語

쏠배감펭속 ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

쏠배감펭속(Pterois)은 페르카목 양볼락과에 속하는 조기어류 속의 하나이다.[1] 쏠배감펭, 방사쏠배감펭, 점쏠배감펭 등을 포함하고 있다.

하위 종

  • Pterois antennata
  • Pterois brevipectoralis
  • Pterois kodipungi
  • 쏠배감펭 (Pterois lunulata)
  • Pterois miles
  • Pterois mombasae
  • Pterois paucispinula
  • 방사쏠배감펭 (Pterois radiata)
  • Pterois russelii
  • Pterois sphex
  • 점쏠배감펭 (Pterois volitans)

계통 분류

다음은 2018년 스미스(Smith) 등의 연구에 기초한 양볼락과 계통 분류이다.[2]

양볼락과 양볼락아과    

카라칸투스속

   

점감펭속

       

쑥감펭속

     

Pteroidichthys

   

Taenianotus

          쏠배감펭아과

주홍감펭속

     

덴드로키루스속

   

쏠배감펭속

         

Trachyscorpia

     

세타르케스아과

     

폰티누스속

       

Adelosebastes

   

홍살치속

    쏨뱅이아과

홍감펭속

     

큰눈볼락속

     

쏨뱅이속

   

볼락속

                   

사진

각주

  1. (영어) Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2015년). 어류 정보 사이트 FishBase. Pterois에 속한 종. 2015년 8월 판
  2. Smith, WL, Everman, E. & Richardson, C. (2018): Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Flatheads, Scorpionfishes, Sea Robins, and Stonefishes (Percomorpha: Scorpaeniformes) and the Evolution of the Lachrymal Saber. Copeia 106 (1): 94-119. 2018 doi: 10.1643 / CG-17-669
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