RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY Supplement No. 30: 313–375
Date of publication: 25 December 2014
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:52341BDF-BF85-42A3-B1E9-44DADC011634
Checklist of the Mollusca of Cocos (Keeling) / Christmas Island
ecoregion
Siong Kiat Tan* & Martyn E. Y. Low
Abstract. An annotated checklist of the Mollusca from the Australian Indian Ocean Territories (IOT) of Christmas
Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is presented. The checklist combines data from all previous
studies and new material collected during the recent Christmas Island Expeditions organised by the Lee Kong Chian
Natural History Museum (formerly the Rafles Museum of Biodiversty Resarch), Singapore. The checklist provides
an overview of the diversity of the malacofauna occurring in the Cocos (Keeling) / Christmas Island ecoregion.
A total of 1,178 species representing 165 families are documented, with 760 (in 130 families) and 757 (in 126
families) species recorded from Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, respectively. Forty-ive species
(or 3.8%) of these species are endemic to the Australian IOT. Fifty-seven molluscan records for this ecoregion are
herein published for the irst time. We also briely discuss historical patterns of discovery and endemism in the
malacofauna of the Australian IOT.
Key words. Mollusca, Polyplacophora, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean
The Cocos (Keeling) Islands, which comprise North
Keeling Island (a single island atoll) and the South Keeling
Islands (an atoll consisting of more than 20 islets including
Horsburgh Island, West Island, Direction Island, Home
Island), were irst discovered by Captain William Keeling
in 1609, and eventually became an Australian territory in
1955 (Greer et al., 2012). It is of historical interest that
Charles Darwin visited the islands during the homeward
voyage of the H.M.S. ‘Beagle’ in 1836 and made several
observations on the natural history of the archipelago
(Armstrong, 1991; Greer et al., 2012). Christmas Island was
discovered on Christmas Day 1643 by William Mynors. The
island was subsequently annexed by the British government
for its phosphate deposits, before jurisdiction passed to the
government of Singapore (which was formerly the centre
of governance of the Straits Settlements). Christmas Island
became an Australian territory in 1957 (Hourston, 2010;
Greer et al., 2012). The biodiversity of the Australian IOT
have been documented with observations and collections
made since the early days of their exploration and settlement
(e.g., Günther, 1887; Lister, 1889; Andrews, 1899, 1900;
Wood-Jones, 1909, 1910, 1912).
INTRODUCTION
Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) (hereafter CI) and the Cocos
(Keeling) Islands (hereafter CK) comprise the Australian
Indian Ocean Territories (IOT). The Australian IOT
comprises the distinct Cocos (Keeling) / Christmas Island
ecoregion in a current global marine shelf bioregionalisation
scheme (Spalding et al., 2007). Christmas Island and the
Cocos (Keeling) Islands are situated, respectively, 290 km
south and 1,000 km south west of Java, Indonesia (Greer et
al., 2012). Both islands have names that are also used for
other islands located outside the Indian Ocean. The name
“Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)” is used to disambiguate
the Australian IOT situated at 10°30′S 105°40′E (Greer et
al., 2012) from four other islands with the same name (one
island located off Nova Scotia, Canada; two islands located
off Tasmania, Australia; it is also an alternative name for
Kirimati). Similarly, the name “Cocos (Keeling) Islands”
is used to differentiate the Australian IOT group located
at 12°12′S 96°54′E (Greer et al., 2012) from other islands
which are sometimes called Cocos Island, of which there are
four (one island located off Costa Rica, one island located
near Panama, off Guam, off Mauritius, and the Coco Islands
(sometimes called the Cocos Islands, in the Andaman Sea).
Although Charles Darwin recorded Turbo argyrostomus
Linnaeus, 1758, during his visit to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
in 1836, this record was never published (see Armstrong,
1991). The earliest published mollusc record from the
Australian IOT is a specimen of Turbo lajonkairii (Deshayes,
1839), from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, that was collected
during the return voyage of the H.M.S. ‘Beagle’ (see Reeve,
1848: pl. 2, ig. 5, caption; reproduced herein as Fig. 1).
Marrat’s (1879) work was the only pre-1900 listing of the
molluscs of the Cocos (Keeling). Two additional checklists
(Smith in Wood-Jones, 1910; Abbott, 1950) followed.
Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (formerly Rafles Museum of
Biodiversity Research), National University of Singapore, Block S6, Science Drive
2, #03-01, Singapore 117546, Republic of Singapore; Emails: nhmtsk@nus.edu.sg
(*corresponding author TSK); m.low@me.com (MEYL)
© National University of Singapore
ISSN 2345-7600 (electronic) | ISSN 0217-2445 (print)
313
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
unknown from both localities (Wells, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000). In addition to their efforts, Coleman (2006a,
2006b) also increased the known species of molluscs
from both locations by over a hundred. However, the
actual number of species recorded from either locality by
Coleman is unknown as the records of the molluscs and
accompanying photographs in both works are identical. In
addition, many of the same photographs have appeared in
his other works (e.g., Coleman, 2001, 2003) with indications
that the photographs were taken at other localities such as
Papua New Guinea, Maldives, and the Great Barrier Reef. It
is thus necessary to note that his works may not be reliable
references for documentary purposes.
Between 2010 and 2012, scientiic studies at Christmas
Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
(hereafter referred to as the Christmas Island Expeditions)
of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories were carried out
by staff from the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum
(LKCNHM; formerly the Rafles Museum of Biodiversity
Research) at the National University of Singapore (NUS)
and collaborators from the Queensland Museum (Australia),
University of the Ryukyus (Japan), and National Chung Hsing
University (Taiwan) (see Tan et al., 2014a, 2014b). The
checklist presented is the result of the material collected and
examined during these expeditions, incorporating a thorough
review of the literature on the malacofauna of the Australian
IOT. The endemism of this malacofauna and its impact on
the status of the Australian IOT as a distinct ecoregion is
also briely examined.
Fig. 1. The irst species of mollusc to be recorded from the Christmas
Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands ecoregion,
Turbo lajonkairii (Deshayes, 1839). The igured specimen was
obtained by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the H.M.S.
‘Beagle’ and igured by Reeve (1848, pl. 2, ig. 5). Figure from
a work no longer in copyright and digitised by the Biodiversity
Heritage Library (http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8129).
Abbott’s (1950) work was based on specimens collected
by Gibson-Hill, from the Rafles Museum, Singapore, who
visited the island in the autumn of 1941. In 1967, Virginia
Orr Maes published her monumental work, which listed over
300 previously unrecorded species of molluscs.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The checklist was compiled from published literature that was
available to us during the course of the study, complemented
with additional data from the recent expeditions. We also
utilised the malacology collections database of the Academy
of Natural Science of Drexel University (ANSP; http://clade.
ansp.org/malacology/collections/).
The irst relatively comprehensive study of the malacofauna
of Christmas Island was carried out by the H.M.S. ‘Flying
Fish’ under the command of Captain Maclear (see Günther,
1887), which yielded the irst checklist (and records)
of molluscs from Christmas Island (Smith, 1887). This
survey was also the earliest comprehensive natural history
expedition to the island. This expedition was followed by
larger collecting efforts by Charles William Andrews and
John Murray sailing on the H.M.S. ‘Egeria’, the molluscs of
which were reported upon by Smith (1889, 1900a, 1900b,
1909, 1911). Iredale (1917) described seven new species of
molluscs from Christmas Island, and Tomlin (1935) reported
on a collection collected by M. W. F. Tweedie, also of the
Rafles Museum, Singapore, who collected on the island
in 1932. The taxonomic works of Laseron (1956a, 1956b,
1958) and Rudman (1986a, 1986b) although not focusing on
the fauna of Christmas Island, further increased the numbers
of species known from Christmas Island.
The presentation of this checklist is straightforward—species
name and author, the locality recorded (Christmas Island
[CI] and/or Cocos (Keeling) Islands [CK]), followed by the
sources of information (in chronological order) and remarks
if any. The systematic classiication of the classes Gastropoda
and Bivalvia generally follows that proposed by Bouchet
& Rocroi (2005) and Bieler et al. (2010) respectively, with
some modiications based on other studies (e.g., Williams et
al., 2008, 2010; Bouchet et al., 2011, and other references
herein cited). A combination of other classiication systems
(e.g., Vaught, 1989) is used for the other classes. Families
are ordered as far as possible to relect current accepted
relationships within the respective classes. Families, genera,
and species, are listed in alphabetical order for ease of
reference. Subgenera are omitted to maintain consistency
in the presentation.
Hitherto, the largest contributions to the knowledge of the
molluscan diversity of Australian IOT have been by Fred E.
Wells of the Western Australian Museum and his colleagues
who recorded an additional 469 species that were previously
Effort has been made to provide the most updated
nomenclatural and taxonomic statuses of all taxa listed.
However, we concede that oversights are inevitable and that
314
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Fig. 2. Species accumulations curves (dotted lines) and records from publications listing more than ive previously unrecorded species
(black portion of each bar): A, Christmas Island (Indian Ocean); B, Cocos (Keeling) Islands. See Table 4 for a list of the publications in
which more than ive previously unrecorded species have been listed. Only publications in Table 4 focusing exclusively on the molluscs
of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and/or the Cocos (Keeling) Islands are included.
by hand in the targeted sampling sites (see Tan et al., 2014b).
A number of mollusc specimens were also collected subtidally
by SCUBA divers, who also employed baited traps, with
limited success (also see Tan et al., 2014c). Living specimens
were preserved in 75% ethanol except for shells that were
recovered empty or inhabited by hermit crabs, which were
dried. All specimens examined are deposited in the Zoological
Reference Collection (ZRC) of the LKCNHM, NUS; with
voucher specimens to be deposited in the Western Autralian
Museum (WAM), Perth, Australia.
our opinions may be in disagreement with authorities of the
various groups. Comments are provided where relevant, but
we have not been able to verify the taxonomic identiication
of the species mentioned in the original references. In cases
where a taxon in the referenced sources is generally accepted
as a junior synonym in recent literature, the current name is
listed with the name originally used indicated in parentheses,
and a reference to the synonymy is included in brackets. Notes
from the reference sources that are potentially of interest are
also provided in parentheses while our own remarks and
observations are in brackets. However, we have not listed
other known synonyms and references to changes in generic
assignments due to space limitations.
RESULTS
A summary of the numbers of species (and families) of
molluscs recorded from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)
and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands to date is presented in Table
1. A total of 1,178 species of molluscs (in 165 families)
are now known from the Australian IOT. Of this total, 760
species (in 130 families) and 757 (in 126 families) are now
known from CI and CK, respectively. The material collected
Dubious and/or unveriiable names are indicated with a dagger
(†) symbol. A plus (+) symbol under the column of CI or CK
indicate record(s) of the species from the respective locality.
Only material collected by the Christmas Island Expeditions
was examined for this study. Molluscs were mostly collected
315
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Table 1. Molluscan diversity of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The number of families and species in
each of the four molluscan classes recorded from both localities is given. The numbers of families and species unique to each locality
(but not necessarily endemic) and those shared by both localities are also given. In the second, third, fourth and ifth rows under the totals
section, the total number of species recorded, species collected, species recorded for the irst time and endemic species at each locality
are respectively listed.
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Both localities
Category
Total
Unique
Total
Unique
Shared
Total
Families
20
3
26
9
17
29
Species
104
60
139
95
44
199
Families
6
1
5
0
5
6
Species
12
7
6
1
5
13
Families
101
34
93
26
67
127
Species
640
350
610
320
290
960
Families
3
1
2
0
2
3
Species
4
4
2
1
1
6
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Gastropoda
Polyplacophora
Totals
Families
130
39
126
35
91
165
Species
760
421
757
417
340
1,178
Species (collected)
226
72
173
19
154
245
Species (new records)
35
34
22
21
1
57
Species (endemic)
44
41
4
1
3
45
during the Christmas Island Expeditions yielded 245 species
of molluscs. Of these species, 72 were collected only at CI,
19 species were collected only at the CK, and 154 species
were collected at both localities. The material collected
during the recent expeditions thus represents about 21% of
the total malacofauna of the Australian IOT. Furthermore,
57 species (35 from CI, 22 from CK) recorded herein
represent the irst published records for of these species in
the Australian IOT. These records are based on the material
collected as well as previously unpublished data from the
ANSP (see Material and Methods). Table 1 also lists the
numbers of species (and families) by taxonomic class (viz.
Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Polyplacophora). The
last row of Table 1 lists the number of endemic species found
in the Australian IOT, while the complete list of species with
comments can be found in Table 3. The complete checklist
of all mollusc species known from the Australian IOT is
given in Table 2.
colleagues (see Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000: 103, table 8).
Only a few species were collected in 2010 because permits
for surveying molluscs were not obtained for that year.
Specimens from that year are shells incidentally added after
the hermit crab occupants were extracted.
The percentages of the numbers of species of Gastropoda
and Bivalvia relative to the total numbers of species now
known from Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands are comparable to those recorded by Wells &
Slack-Smith (2000) and Wells (1994), respectively. At
Christmas Island, Wells & Slack-Smith (2000) noted that
the Gastropoda and Bivalvia made up 78.3% and 20.1% of
the total number of species, respectively. This is compared
to the 84.2% and 13.7% respectively for the Gastropoda and
Bivalvia now known from Christmas Island (Table 1). At
the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Wells (1994) stated that the
percentage of Gastropoda and Bivalvia were, respectively,
81.3% and 17.9%. Of the molluscs species now known from
the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, 80.6% are Gastropoda and
18.4% are Bivalvia (Table 1).
The total of 245 mollusc species (226 from CI, 173 from CK)
obtained by the recent Christmas Island Expeditions clearly
represents only a fraction (<21%) of the total malacofauna
diversity of the Australian IOT (1,178 species). The actual
time that was spent collecting molluscs amounted to 25
days on CI and 14 days on CK, which was comparable in
collecting effort to the previous studies of Fred E. Wells and
DISCUSSION
Most molluscs currently known from the Australian IOT
belong to wide ranging Indo-West Paciic species. However
316
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
their ecoregion system is deined “[i]n ecological terms [of]
strongly cohesive units, suficiently large to encompass
ecological or life history processes for most sedentary
species. Although some marine ecoregions may have
important levels of endemism, this is not a key determinant
in ecoregion identiication, as it has been in terrestrial
ecoregions”. However, endemism in the molluscan species
of the Australian IOT may not be as low as our current
knowledge would appear to suggest (as discussed below).
differences in species composition in several groups are
apparent, and probably due to the habitat differences on
Christmas Island, a volcanic island largely surrounded
by rocky reefs, and the coral atolls of Cocos (Keeling)
Islands. Notably and perhaps predictably, the families
typically associated with ine to muddy sand habitats (e.g.,
Tellinidae, Veneridae, Cerithiidae, Naticidae), are poorly
represented at Christmas Island while Cocos (Keeling)
Islands harbour relatively fewer species of the rocky habitat
gastropod families (e.g., Haliotidae, Neritidae) and none of
the submarine cave associated families (e.g., Neritiliidae,
Pickworthiidae) (see Table 2).
Recent studies using molecular sequencing of a large
series of material from localities in the Australian IOT and
elsewhere. Meyer’s (2004) molecular analysis of cypraeids
from throughout the Indo-Paciic showed that the taxon
currently identiied as Lyncina ventriculus from Christmas
Island represents an undescribed (and endemic) species.
Similarly, Kirkendale & Meyer’s (2004) analysis of material
previously identiied as Patelloida (now Eoacmaea)
profunda from Christmas Island, although morphologically
similar, may in fact represent a different taxon. Data from
an unpublished study (G. Paulay, in litt., 19 June 2013) on
Turbo lajonkairii have also shown that this species is truly
endemic to the Australian IOT although material from Wake
Island and the Marshall Islands have been identiied as this
species (e.g., Tomlinson, 1969; Fosberg, 1990). Meyer et al.
(2005) also observed a similar situation in another turbinid
species (currently identiied as either Astralium helicina or
Astralium rhodostomum), of which the populations from
the Australian IOT clearly represent an undescribed (and
endemic) species.
Table 4 summarises the important contributions to the
study of the malacofauna of the Australian IOT (as deined
by studies which have recorded ive or more previously
unrecorded species from either locality), together with the
total numbers of species recorded and those which were
recorded for the irst time (new records). These studies are
visualised together with the species accumulation curves
in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows that additions to the fauna of both
Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands have
been mostly the result of these important contributions
listed in Table 4. This trend has important implications for
future studies targeted at studying the malacofauna of the
Australian IOT, namely that short targeted expeditions can
yield a large number of species.
The Australian IOT (comprising Christmas Island and the
Cocos (Keeling) Islands) is well-known for its high levels
of endemism in terrestrial animals. Of the two localities
within the Australian IOT, Christmas Island is the major (or
perhaps sole) contributor to the endemism of this ecoregion.
For example, on Christmas Island, 83% of the reptiles (and
22% of the birds are endemic, see Adler, 1994; Smith et al.,
2012). No species belonging to either group are known to
be endemic to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. This trend in
terrestrial groups does not appear to extend to marine taxa,
where endemism is much lower (or absent). In Christmas
Island, only three species of ish (or 0.5%) are endemics
(Allen, 2000). No endemic echinoderms are known (Marsh,
2000). Amongst brachyuran crabs (some or all of which
are dependent on the sea for reproduction), ive species (or
about 3.5%) are known to be endemic out of a total of the
approximately 144 species known (Morgan, 2000; Davie
& Ng, 2012, 2013; Ng & Davie, 2012). As listed in Table
1, 46 species of molluscs (42 from CI, 4 from CK, and 3
shared between CI and CK) are endemic to the Australian
IOT. It should be noted that although we did not separate
terrestrial from marine endemics, the former constitute only
a small percentage of the total endemic species (see Table
3). Although this represents a low level of endemism (of
less than 4%) when compared with reptiles or birds, it is still
comparable to the brachyuran crabs and much higher than
the ishes.
Thus, some of the morphological ‘quirks’ observed in
some species of molluscs from Christmas Island and the
Cocos (Keeling) Islands that were previously dismissed as
representing extreme ends of intraspeciic variation may
actually be taxonomic characters of distinct and endemic
species. Additional studies utilising molecular phylogenetic
studies of supposedly widespread Indo-Paciic marine
species may eventually show that the Australian IOT of
Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is an
ecoregion as unique and important as any other.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful to everyone who helped with the preparations
and operations that made the Christmas Island Expeditions
(2010–2012) possible, and are particularly indebted to the
expedition team members: Peter Davie (Queensland Museum,
Australia), Yoshihisa Fujita and Tohru Naruse (University
of the Ryukyus, Japan), Hsi-Te Shih (National Chung Hsing
University, Taiwan), Joelle C. Y. Lai, Jose C. E. Mendoza,
Peter K. L. Ng, Heok Hui Tan, Kai-xin Tan and Swee Hee
Tan (Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum [formerly
Rafles Museum of Biodiversity Research], NUS, Singapore).
Thanks are also due to the friendly staff of Parks Australia
(Christmas Island), especially Max Orchard and Brendan
Tiernan, who provided valuable local knowledge and often
going out of their way to render assistance. James D. Reimer
(University of the Ryukyus, Japan) helped us translate
This relatively low amount of endemism in molluscs
suggests that the recognition of the Australian IOT
as a distinct ecoregion (Spalding et al., 2007) may be
unwarranted. However, as Spalding et al. (2007) make clear,
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Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
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Table 2. Checklist of the Mollusca of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. In the irst column, all recorded
taxa are listed systematically (see discussion in text). The presence of each taxon (as designated by a “+”) at Christmas Island (Indian
Ocean) (CI) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (CK) are given in the second and third columns, respectively. The reference for each these
records, and additional taxonomic remarks in some instances are given in the last column. Where the taxonomic status of a taxon is in
doubt or is problematic, it is marked with a “†”. When a taxon was collected during the surveys that form the basis of this study, locality
information of the material examined is also given. Where the presence of more than one species-group within a genus has been recorded
by an earlier work but these taxa were not identiied to species, these are indicated as such (e.g., Lithophaga sp. 1, Lithophaga sp. 2 as
recorded by Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000).
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Family Chitonidae
Acanthopleura gemmata (Blainville, 1825)
Tegulaplax hululensis (Smith, 1903)
+
+
+
Onithochiton quercinus (Gould, 1846)
+
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells et al., 1990 (as Chiton hululensis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Chiton hululensis); Gowlett-Holmes, 2001; Schwabe et al., 2008
(as Chiton (Tegulaplax) hululensis [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study
[Christmas Island: CI-D18-2011]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Onithochiton quercinus var. scholvieni); Wells et al.,
1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Gowlett-Holmes, 2001; this study
[Christmas Island: CI-04-2011]
Family Cryptoplacidae
Cryptoplax burrowi (Smith, 1884)
+
Family Acanthochitonidae
Acanthochitona sp.
Acanthochitona sp.
+
CLASS POLYPLACOPHORA
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Gowlett-Holmes, 2001;
Dell’Angelo et al., 2010
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Gowlett-Holmes, 2001 [supposedly after, but not located in Kaas & van
Belle, 1998]
CLASS BIVALVIA
Family Mytilidae
Leiosolenus lithurus (Pilsbry, 1905)
Leiosolenus nasutus (Philippi, 1846)
+
+
Leiosolenus pulcher (Jousseaume in Lamy,
1919)
Lithophaga teres (Philippi, 1846)
+
Lithophaga sp.
Lithophaga sp. 1
Lithophaga sp. 2
Modiolus gubernaculum (Dunker, 1856)
+
+
+
+
+
Modiolus modulaides (Röding, 1798)
Modiolus sp.
Modiolus sp. 1
Modiolus sp. 2
Musculus sp.
Septifer bilocularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
+
+
Septifer excisus (Wiegmann, 1837)
+
Septifer rufolineatus (Smith, 1911)
+
+
+
Tomlin, 1935 (as Lithophaga lithura); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-17]
Maes, 1967 (as Lithophaga nasuta); Wells, 1994 (as Lithophaga nasuta
[after Maes, 1967]); Huber, 2010
Huber, 2010 (as Leiosolenus (Diberus) pulcher)
Maes, 1967; Arnaud & Thomassin, 1990 (as Lithophaga (Lithophaga)
teres); Wells, 1994; Huber, 2010
Wells et al., 1990 (more than one species may be present)
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990 (as Modiolus sp. [see Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010
[after Wells et al., 1990]
Abbott, 1950 (as Volsella moduloides [sic]); Maes, 1967 (as Modiolus
modulaides [see Huber, 2010; but see Wells, 1994]; Wells, 1994 (as
Modiolus philippinarum [after Maes, 1967]); Huber, 2010 [after Maes,
1967])
Wells, 1994
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967
Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911; Lynge, 1909; Oostingh, 1925 (as Septifer
bilocularis [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a, 1909,
1911]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010;
this study [Christmas Island: CI-04-2011; CI-09-2011; CI3-13; CI3-15;
CI3-17; CI3-23]
Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 (regarded as inseparable from Septifer
bilocularis)]
Smith, 1911 (as Brachydontes (Hormomya) rufolineatus; type locality:
Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 (as Brachidontes
rufolineatus); Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-13; CI3-14]
326
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Family Arcidae
Acar plicata (Dillwyn, 1817)
+
+
Anadara vellicata (Reeve, 1844)
Arca patriarchalis Röding, 1798
+
+
+
†Arca imbricata Bruguière, 1789
+
Arca ventricosa Lamarck, 1819
Barbatia amygdalumtostum (Röding, 1798)
+
Barbatia decussata (Sowerby I, 1833)
+
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990 (as Barbatia plicata); Wells, 1994 (as Arca
plicata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Barbatia plicata); Huber, 2010;
this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011; CI-D08-2011; CI-D18-2011]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Arca maculata [see Lamprell & Healy, 1998; also
Huber, 2010]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Barbatia maculata); Maes, 1967 (as
Arca avellana [see Huber, 2010]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Arca avellana
[see Huber, 2010]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Arca avellana [see
Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011;
CI-17-2011; CI3-23]
Smith, 1900a, 1911 [an Atlantic species; probably Barbatia maculata
(=Arca patriarchalis) according to Tomlin, 1935]
Wells, 1994
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Barbatia
amygdalumtotsum [sic] [after Wells et al., 1990], and also Barbatia
fusca (Bruguière, 1789) non Lightfoot, 1786 [see Aguëra García & Oliver,
2008; see also Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010 (as Barbatia (Ustularca)
amygdalumtostum)
Smith, 1911 (as Arca decussata); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1911];
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; this study [Christmas Island:
CI-09-2011; CI-D05-2011; CI3-13; CI3-16; CI3-25]
Wells, 1994 (as Barbatia velata [see Aguëra García & Oliver, 2008]);
Huber, 2010 (as Barbatia (Cucullaearca) foliata); this study [Christmas
Island: CI-D17-2011]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [but see also Aguëra García & Oliver, 2008]
Wells et al., 1990 [synonym of Carribean Barbatia candida; = Barbatia
complanata?; see Huber, 2010]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990 (as Barbatia tenella); Wells, 1994 (as Barbatia
tenella); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Barbatia tenella); Huber, 2010
(as Calloarca (Barbarca) tenella)
+
Barbatia foliata (Forsskål in Niebuhr,
1775)
+
Barbatia grayana (Dunker, 1867)
†Barbatia helblingi (Bruguière, 1789)
+
+
Calloarca tenella (Reeve, 1844)
+
Family Philobryidae
Cosa tholiata Oliver & Holmes, 2004
Family Malleidae
Malleus sp.
+
+
+
Maes, 1967 (as Cosa sp. [see Huber, 2010]); Wells, 1994 (as Cosa sp.
[after Maes, 1967; see Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Malleus sp. juveniles)
+
Family Pteriidae
Electroma alacorvi (Dillwyn, 1817)
+
Isognomon ephippium (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Isognomon cf. ephippium (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
+
Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
+
Pinctada imbricata Röding, 1798
+
+
Abbott, 1950 (as Electroma smaragdina [see Huber, 2010]); Maes, 1967;
Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Tëmkin, 2006; Huber, 2010
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Huber, 2010 (as Isognomon
(Isognomon) ephippium)
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as Isognomon ?ephippium [without doubt
one of the Isognomon species listed herein])
Maes, 1967 (as Isognomon isognomon [sic]); Wells et al, 1990;
Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 (as Isognomon
(Isognomon) isognomum)
Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Wells et al, 1990; Wells, 1994 [after
Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 (as Isognomon
(Isognomon) legumen); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D10-2011;
CI3-D02]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Isognomon dentifera [see Oliver, 1992]); Huber, 2010
(as Isognomon (Parviperna) nucleus); this study [Christmas Island:
CI-27-2011]
Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Melina perna); Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950
(as Isognomon (Melina) perna); Maes, 1967 (as Isognomon perna? or
marsupiale); Wells et al, 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
Huber, 2010 (as Isognomon (Anisoperna) perna); this study [Christmas
Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-27-2011; CI3-07; CI3-13]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Pinctada vulgaris [see Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010
327
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
Pinctada maculata (Gould, 1850)
CK
Records/Remarks
+
Jameson, 1901 (as Pteria (Margaritifera) panasesae [see Lamprell &
Healy, 1998]); Hynds, 1955 [after Jameson, 1901]
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Meleagrina margaritifera); Abbott,
1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al, 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Wada & Tëmkin, 2008 [after Maes, 1967];
Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 [after Abbott, 1950]; Wells et al, 1990; Wells,
1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a,
2006b; Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D08-2011]
Wells, 1994
Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Pteria penguin (Röding, 1798)
+
+
Pteria sp.
+
Family Pinnidae
Atrina vexillum (Born, 1778)
+
Pinna muricata Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Streptopinna saccata (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
+
+
+
Family Ostreidae
Alectryonella plicatula (Gmelin, 1791)
Dendostrea folium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lopha cristagalli (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ostrea sp.
Saccostrea cucullata (von Born, 1778)
Saccostrea scyphophilla (Peron & Lesueur,
1807)
+
+
Family Gryphaeidae
Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hyotissa sp.
Parahyotissa numisma (Lamarck, 1819)
†Pycnodonte sp,
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Family Pectinidae
Chlamys sp.
Decatopecten radula (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Gloripallium pallium (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Laevichlamys cuneata (Reeve, 1853)
+
Laevichlamys squamosa (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Laevichlamys weberi (Bavay, 1904)
+
Mirapecten miriicus (Reeve, 1843)
Mimachlamys lentiginosa (Reeve, 1853)
Minnivola pyxidata (Born, 1778)
+
+
+
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Pinna nigra [see Huber, 2010]);
Abbott, 1950 (as Pinna (Atrina) vexillum); Rosewater, 1961 (as Atrina
(Atrina) vexillum); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Huber,
2010; Schultz & Huber, 2013 (as Atrina (Atrina) vexillum)
Abbott, 1950 (as Pinna (Pinna) muricata); Rosewater, 1961; Maes, 1967;
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010
(as Pinna (Quantulopinna) muricata); Schultz & Huber, 2013 (as Pinna
(Quantulopinna) muricata); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D02. Cocos
(Keeling) Island: CK2-01]
Abbott, 1950 (as Pinna (Streptopinna) saccata [albeit tentatively]);
Rosewater, 1961; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010; Schultz & Huber, 2013; this study
[Christmas Island: CI3-D01; CI3-D05]
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells, 1994
Tomlin, 1935 (as Ostrea cucullata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011;
CI-27-2011]
Huber, 2010
Abbott, 1950 (as Ostrea cucullata [see Maes, 1967]); Maes, 1967 (as
‘Pycnodonta’ hyotis); Wells, 1994; Huber, 2010
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Hyotissa numisma)
Abbott, 1950 (as Pycnodonta sp.)
Wells, 1994 [probably no longer in this genus]
Maes, 1967 (as Comptopallium radula); Wells, 1994; Huber, 2010 (as
Comptopallium radula)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Chlamys pallium); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Chlamys pallium); Huber, 2010
Wells, 1994 (as Chlamys irregularis [see Dijkstra & Moolenbeek,
2008]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chlamys irregularis [see Dijkstra
& Moolenbeek, 2008]); Dijkstra, 2013; this study [Christmas Island:
CI3-D01]
Maes, 1967 (as Chlamys squamosus); Wells, 1994 (as Chlamys squamosus
[after Maes, 1967])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Chlamys weberi); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Chlamys weberi [after Tomlin, 1935])
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chlamys miriica); Huber, 2010
Wells, 1994 (as Chlamys lentiginosus)
Maes, 1967 (as Pecten pyxidatus); Wells, 1994 (as Pecten pyxidatus
[after Maes, 1967])
328
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Mirapecten rastellum (Lamarck, 1819)
+
Pascahinnites coruscans (Hinds, 1845)
+
+
Pedum spondyloideum (Gmelin, 1791)
Semipallium lavicans (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
+
Pectinid sp. 1
Pectinid sp. 2
+
+
Family Spondylidae
Spondylus anacanthus Mawe, 1823
Spondylus candidus Lamarck, 1819
Spondylus cf. candidus Lamarck, 1819
Spondylus foliaceus Schreibers, 1793
Spondylus linguafelis Sowerby II, 1847
Spondylus multimuricatus Reeve, 1856
Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Spondylus sinensis Schreibers, 1793
+
+
Spondylus spinosus Schreibers, 1793
Spondylus swinneni Lamprell, Stanisic &
Clarkson, 2001
Spondylus varius Sowerby I, 1827
Spondylus sp.
+
+
+
+
Spondylus sp.
+
Family Plicatulidae
Plicatula australis Lamarck, 1819
Plicatula cf. australis Lamarck, 1819
Plicatula plicata (Linnaeus, 1767)
+
+
Family Limidae
Ctenoides ales (Finlay, 1927)
Ctenoides annulata (Lamarck, 1819)
Ctenoides cf. annulata (Lamarck, 1819)
Limaria fragilis (Gmelin, 1791)
CK
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Limaria orientalis (Adams & Reeve, 1850)
+
Family Lucinidae
†Anodontia edentula (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Anodontia hawaiensis (Dall, Bartsch &
+
Records/Remarks
Wells et al., 1990 (as Chlamys rastellum); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Chlamys rastellum [after Wells et al., 1990])
Maes, 1967 (as Chlamys coruscans); Wells et al., 1990 (as Chlamys
coruscans); Wells, 1994 (as Chlamys coruscans [after Maes, 1967]);
Dijkstra & Marshall, 1997 (as Chlamys coruscans coruscans); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chlamys coruscans); Puslednik & Serb, 2008
(as Semipallium coruscans); Huber, 2010; Dijkstra, 2013; Dijkstra &
Maestrati, 2013
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells et al., 1990 (as Semipallium tigris [see Dijkstra, 1999]); Wells,
1994 (as Semipallium tigris [see Dijkstra, 1999]); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Semipallium tigris [see Dijkstra, 1999]); Huber, 2010
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells, 1994 (as Spondylus sanguineus [see Lamprell, 2006])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Spondylus cf. S. candidus)
Tomlin, 1935 (as Spondylus pesasininum [sic; see Lamprell, 2006])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Spondylus hystrix [see Lamprell, 2006]); Abbott, 1950
(as Spondylus hystrix [see Lamprell, 2006]); Maes, 1967 [after Abbott,
1950]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Huber, 2010
Maes, 1967 (as Spondylus ducalis [see Lamprell, 2006]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 [supposedly after, but not listed in, Tomlin (1935)]
Wells, 1994 (as Spondylus lamarckii [see Lamprell, 2006])
Huber, 2010
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Maes, 1967 (young examples; could be Abbott’s [1950] Spondylus hystrix
[= nicobaricus])
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
This study [Christmas Island: CI3-17; CI3-23]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Plicatula sp. cf. australis)
Maes, 1967 (as Plicatula chinensis [see Huber, 2010]); Wells, 1994 (as
Plicatula chinensis [after Maes, 1967])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b;
Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D06; CI-D15-2011; CID17-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: ; CK21; CK2-03]
Maes, 1967 (as Lima annulata); Huber, 2010
Wells, 1994 (as Lima cf. annulata)
Maes, 1967 (as Limea fragilis); Wells et al., 1990 (as Lima fragilis);
Wells, 1994 (as Lima fragilis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Lima
fragilis); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Huber, 2010 (as Limaria (Promantellum)
fragilis) [after Wells et al., 1990; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D102011; CI3-D01. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-12]
Wells, 1994
Abbott, 1950 (as Lucina (Lucina) edentula [see Taylor & Glover,
2005]); Maes, 1967, as ‘Lucina’ edentula [see Taylor & Glover, 2005]);
Wells, 1994 [Linnaeaus’ edentula is a nomen dubium, and the species
mentioned by these authors are likely either of the species listed by
Taylor & Glover, 2005]
Taylor & Glover, 2005
329
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
†Anodontia pila (Reeve, 1850)
+
Anodontia vesicula (Gould, 1850)
†Cavatidens sp.
Chavania striata (Tokunaga, 1906)
+
+
+
Wells, 1994 [synonym of Anodontia alba, an Atlantic species; = Anodontia
trulla?, see Taylor & Glover, 2005]
Taylor & Glover, 2005
Wells, 1994 [supposedly after Maes, 1967, but record not located]
Maes, 1967 (as ?Wallucina sp. [see Glover & Taylor, 2001]); Glover
& Taylor, 2001
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; this study [Christmas Island:
CI-D05-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08]
Wells et al., 1990; Rehder, 1980 (as Codakia (Epicodakia) bella); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000
Tomlin, 1935 (as Codakia divergens); Maes, 1967 (as Codakia divergens);
Wells, 1994 (as Codakia divergens [after Maes, 1967])
Wells, 1994
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967 (as Wallucina gordoni [see Glover & Taylor, 2001]); Wells,
1994 (as Wallucina gordoni [see Glover & Taylor, 2001]); Glover &
Taylor, 2001; Taylor & Glover, 2007 [after Taylor & Glover, 2001]
Codakia punctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Ctena bella (Conrad, 1837)
+
Ctena divergens (Philippi, 1850)
+
Ctena sp.
Ctena sp.
Wallucina ijiensis (Smith, 1885)
+
+
+
+
+
Family Carditidae
Cardita variegata Bruguière, 1792
+
Family Trapezidae
Trapezium bicarinatum (Schumacher, 1817)
+
Trapezium oblongum (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Family Cardiidae
Afrocardium richardi (Audouin, 1826)
+
Corculum cardissa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Fragum fragum (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
+
Fragum unedo (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tridacna crocea Lamarck, 1819
Tridacna derasa (Röding, 1798)
+
+
+
+
+
Tridacna gigas (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Tridacna maxima (Röding, 1798)
+
+
Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819
+
+
†Tridacna sp. (juv.)
Vasticardium angulatum (Lamarck, 1819)
+
Vasticardium philippinense (Hedley, 1899)
+
+
+
Abbott, 1950 (as Cardita (Cardita) variegata); Maes, 1967; Wells et al.,
1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010; this study
[Christmas Island: CI-D08-2011; CI3-D02]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Trapezium angulatum [see Abbott & Dance, 1986]);
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Libitina oblonga); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909,
1911]; Abbott, 1950; Solem, 1954 [after Abbott, 1950]; Maes, 1967;
Barash & Danin, 1986 [after Abbott, 1950]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells,
1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas
Island: CI-D13-2011]
Smith, 1911 (as Cardium (Fragum) rubescens [see ter Poorten, 2009];
type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 (as
Cardium (Fragum) rubescens [see ter Poorten, 2009]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Afrocardium skeeti [see ter Poorten, 2009]); Schneider,
2002 (as Cardium rubescens [see ter Poorten, 2009]); Huber, 2010
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Huber, 2010; this study [Cocos
(Keeling) Islands: CK19; CK2-01]
Wells, 1994
Marrat, 1879; Abbott, 1950; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Rosewater, 1965 (as Tridacna (Persikima) derasa); Maes, 1967; Wells,
1994; Newman & Gomez, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Huber, 2010
Guppy, 1889; Smith, 1900a, 1911; Hanitsch, 1908 (as Tridacna gigantea
[see Rosewater, 1965]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a, 1911]; Wells,
1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Coleman, 2006a,
2006b; Elliot et al., 2009; Huber, 2010
Tomlin, 1935 (as Tridacna compressa [see Rosewater, 1965]); Rosewater,
1965 (as Tridacna (Chametrachea) maxima); Maes, 1967; Wells et al.,
1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010
Gibson-Hill, 1946; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Smith, 1909 [probably Tridacna maxima according to Tomlin, 1935]
Maes, 1967 (as Trachycardium alternatum [see Vidal, 1999]); Wells, 1994
(as Acrosterigma alternatum [see Vidal, 1999]); Huber, 2010
Tomlin, 1935 (as Cardium (Trachycardium) philippinense); Wells et
al., 1990 (as Trachycardium orbita [see Vidal, 1997]); Wells, 1994 (as
Acrosterigma orbita [see Vidal, 1997]); Vidal, 1997 (as Vasticardium
orbita philippinense); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Acrosterigma orbita
[see Vidal, 1997]); ter Poorten, 2009 [after Wells, 1994]; Huber, 2010
330
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Family Chamidae
Chama aspersa Reeve, 1846
Chama brassica Reeve, 1847
+
Chama croceata Lamarck, 1819
CK
Records/Remarks
+
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Huber,
2010
Maes, 1967 (as Chama “imbricata Broderip, 1834” non Lamarck, 1801
[see Raines & Huber, 2012]); Wells, 1994 (as Chama imbricata [after
Maes, 1967]); Huber, 2010
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
Huber, 2010
Wells, 1994 (as Chama cf. iostoma [see Huber, 2010]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Chama iostoma [see Huber, 2010])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b;
Huber, 2010
Maes, 1967 (unidentiied young specimens; may be C. aspersa or C.
brassica); Wells, 1994
+
Chama lazarus Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Chama cf. limbula Lamarck, 1819
+
+
Chama paciica Broderip, 1835
+
+
Chama sp.
+
Family Sportellidae
cf. Anisodonta sp.
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Family Galeommatidae
Barclayia incerta (Deshayes, 1863)
+
Scintillona sp.
+
Maes, 1967 (as Barrimysia incerta); Wells, 1994 (as Barrimysia incerta
[after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Family Lasaeidae
Fronsella cf. fujitaniana (Yokoyama, 1927)
+
Hitia ovalis Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
+
†Erycinacea sp.
+
Family Keliellidae
Nesobornia paciica (Hedley, 1899)
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Besobornia paciica [sic; after Maes, 1967])
Family Tellinidae
Cadella semitorta (Sowerby, 1867)
Exotica triradiata (H. Adams, 1871)
Jactellina obliquaria (Deshayes, 1855)
+
+
+
Loxoglypta clathrata (Deshayes, 1835)
+
Loxoglypta obliquilineata (Conrad, 1837)
Loxoglypta rhomboides (Quoy & Gaimard,
1835)
Loxoglypta sp.
Macoma dispar (Conrad, 1837)
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967])
This study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-no stn]
Maes, 1967 (as Jactellina (Jactellina) obliquaria); Wells, 1994 (as
Tellina obliquaria)
Maes, 1967 (as Jactellina (Loxoglypta) clathrata); Wells, 1994 (as
Tellina clathrata)
Wells, 1994 (as Macoma obliquilineata)
Lynge, 1909 (Tellina (Angulus?) rhomboides)
+
+
Pharaonella perna (Spengler, 1798)
Pharaonella tongana (Quoy & Gaimard,
1835)
Pinguitellina pinguis (Hanley, 1844)
Pinguitellina robusta (Hanley, 1844)
Quadrans gargadia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Quidnipagus palatam (Iredale, 1929)
+
+
+
+
Scissulina sp.
Scutarcopagia linguafelis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scutarcopagia scobinata (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
+
+
+
Maes, 1967 (as Fronsella cf. fugitaniana [sic]); Wells, 1994 (as Fronsella
cf. fugitaniana [after Maes, 1967]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 [after Abbott, 1950]; Wells, 1994 [after Maes,
1967]
Maes, 1967 (undetermined; possibly Hitia ovalis); Wells, 1994 [after
Maes, 1967]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Exotica (? Loxoglypta) sp.)
Maes, 1967 (as Scissulina dispar); Wells, 1994 (as Tellina dispar); this
study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK3]
Wells, 1994 (as Tellina perna)
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Tellina tongana)
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Tellina pinguis [after Maes, 1967])
Wells, 1994 (as Tellina robusta)
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Arcopagia palatam); Wells, 1994 (as Arcopagia palatum
[after Maes, 1967], also as Tellina palatum [sic])
Maes, 1967 (uncertain, as ?Scissulina sp.)
Wells, 1994 (as Tellina linguafelis)
Marrat, 1879 (as Arcopagia scobinata); Smith, 1911; Tomlin, 1935
(as Tellina (Arcopagia) scobinata); Abbott, 1950 (as Arcopagia
(Scutarcopagia) scobinata); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990 (as Tellina
scobinata); Wells, 1994 (as Arcopagia scobinata); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000
331
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Semelangulus tenuilirata (Sowerby II,
1867)
Tellina chariessa Salisbury, 1934
Tellina sp.
Tellinella crassiplicata (Sowerby II, 1869)
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Tellina tenuilirata)
+
+
+
Tellinella crucigera (Lamarck, 1818)
Tellinella pulcherrima (Sowerby I, 1825)
Tellinella virgata (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Abbott, 1950 (as Tellina (Tellinella) crassiplicata); Maes, 1967: Wells,
1994 (as Tellina crassiplicata)
Wells, 1994 (as Tellina crucigera)
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Tellina pulcherrima [after Maes, 1967])
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Tellina virgata)
+
Family Psammobiidae
Asaphis violascens (Forsskål, 1775)
Gari maculosa (Lamarck, 1818)
Gari pennata (Deshayes, 1855)
Gari sp.
Family Semelidae
Abra sp.
Semele australis (Sowerby I, 1833)
Semele crenulata (Sowerby I in Reeve,
1853)
Semele sp.
Thyellisca hargravesi (H. Adams, 1873)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Abbott, 1950 (as Asaphis delorata [see Maes, 1967; see also Willan,
1993]); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010
Wells, 1994
+
+
Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967
Maes, 1967 (as Thyella cf. lamellosa [see Huber, 2010]); Wells, 1994
(as Thyella cf. lamellosa [after Maes, 1967; see Huber, 2010]); Huber,
2010 (as Thyellisca hargravesi) [after Maes, 1967]
Family Ungulinidae
Diplodonta sp.
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Family Veneridae
Antigona albocancellata Huber, 2010
+
Antigona crispata (Deshayes, 1853)
Antigona lacerata (Hanley, 1844)
+
+
Antigona laqueata (Sowerby II, 1853)
Antigona puerpera (Linnaeus, 1771)
Antigona reticulata (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
Abbott, 1950 (as Venus (Periglypta) puerpera [see Maes, 1967]); Maes,
1967 (as Periglypta clathrata [see Huber, 2010]); Wells, 1994 (as
Periglypta clathrata [after Maes, 1967])
Wells, 1994 (as Periglypta crispata)
Whitehead, 1997 (as Periglypta lacerata [see Coan & Kabat, 2012;
Huber, 2010])
Wells, 1994 (as Periglypta chemnitzii [see Huber, 2010])
Wells, 1994 (as Periglypta puerpera)
Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990 (as Periglypta reticulata); Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Pteriglypta reticulata); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
(as Periglypta reticulata); Huber, 2010
This study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK-no stn., West Island, beach next
to golf course, seagrass bed]
Maes, 1967 (as Ventricolaria toreuma); Wells et al., 1990 (as Venus
toreuma); Wells, 1994 (as Ventricolaria toreuma); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Venus toreuma); Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island:
CI-D15-2011; CI3-D02]
Wells, 1994; Lamprell & Healy, 2002
Maes, 1967 (as Katelysia cf. striata [see Abbott & Dance, 1986]); Wells,
1994 (as Katelysia cf. striata [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (with some doubt as Pitar ? afinis); Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Lioconcha hebraea); Wells, 1994 (as Lioconcha hebraea)
Abbott, 1950 (as Pitar (Pitarina) prora); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994;
Lamprell & Healy, 1997 (as Pitar (Pitarina) prora)
Lamprell & Healy, 1997 (as Pitar (Pitarina) sophiae); Huber, 2010;
ANSP (as Pitar (Pitarina) sophiae)
Abbott, 1950 (as Paphia (Tapes) literata); Maes, 1967 (as Tapes literata)
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Protothaca marica); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells, 1994 (as Glycodonta sp. [sic; Glycydonta])
Newton, 1900
+
+
Gafrarium pectinatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Globivenus toreuma (Gould, 1850)
+
+
+
Lioconcha castrensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Marcia cf. japonica (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Pitar cf. afinis (Gmelin, 1791)
Pitar hebraeus (Lamarck, 1818)
Pitar prora (Conrad, 1837)
+
+
+
Pitar sophiae (Angas, 1877)
Tapes literatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tapes cf. literatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Timoclea marica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Timoclea sp.
Venus verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
+
+
+
+
332
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Venus sp.
+
Family Corbulidae
Corbula sp.
Potamocorbula nimbosa (Hanley, 1843)
CK
Newton, 1900 [possibly Antigona sp.]
+
+
Family Teredinidae
Bankia rochi Moll in Moll & Roch, 1931
+
Spathoteredo obtusa (Sivickis, 1928)
+
Teredo sp.
+
†Xylotrya sp. “1”
+
†Xylotrya sp. “2”
+
†Xylotrya sp. “3”
+
Xylotrya sp. 1
Xylotrya sp. 2
+
+
Family Gastrochaenidae
Gastrochaena cuneiformis Spengler, 1783
Gastrochaena sp.
+
Records/Remarks
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (as Corbula ustulata [see Huber, 2010]); Wells, 1994 (as
Corbula ustulata [after Maes, 1967])
Moll & Roch, 1931 (type locality: Christmas Island, south of Java); Turner,
1966 [after Moll & Roch, 1931]; Tan, 1970 [after Moll & Roch, 1931]
Moll & Roch, 1931 (as Teredo murrayi [see Turner, 1966]; type locality:
Christmas Island off Java); Roch, 1955 (as Teredo (Spathoteredo)
bataviana [see Turner, 1966])
Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]
Smith, 1909, 1911 (two or three unidentiied species mentioned [most
species attributed to this genus are presently Bankia; see Turner, 1966]);
Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]
Smith, 1909, 1911 (two or three unidentiied species mentioned [most
species attributed to this genus are presently Bankia; see Turner, 1966]);
Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]
Smith, 1909, 1911 (two or three unidentiied species mentioned [most
species attributed to this genus are presently Bankia; see Turner, 1966]);
Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
CLASS GASTROPODA
Family Eoacmaeidae
Eoacmaea profunda (Deshayes, 1863)
Family Patellidae
Scutellastra lexuosa (Quoy & Gaimard,
1834)
Family Fissurellidae
Diodora granifera (Pease, 1861)
Diodora singaporensis (Reeve, 1850)
Diodora ticaonica (Reeve, 1850)
Emarginula sp. “1”
Emarginula sp. “2”
Emarginula sp.
?Megatebennus sp.
Montfortula rugosa (Quoy & Gaimard,
1834)
Monfortula sp.
Scutus unguis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Fissurellidae sp.
+
Tomlin, 1935 (as Cellana profunda); Wells et al., 1990 (as Patelloida
profunda); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as both Cellana profunda and
Patelloida profunda); Kirkendale & Meyer, 2004 (as Patelloida cf.
profunda); this study [Christmas Island: CI-33; CI-04-2011; CI-09-2011;
CI-17-2011; CI3-24]
+
This study [Christmas Island: CI-22-2011]
+
+
This study [Christmas Island: CI-D02-2011]
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Glyphis singaporensis); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith,
1909, 1911]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967 (two unidentiied species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967];
Maes, 1967 (two unidentiied species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967];
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Emarginula sp.)
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as ? Megatebennus sp.)
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Family Haliotidae
Haliotis clathrata Reeve, 1846
+
Haliotis planata Sowerby, 1882
+
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Clypidina (Monfortula) sp.)
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967 (not determined to genus or species)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Haliotis venusta [see Geiger & Owen, 2012]);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Haliotis venusta [see Geiger & Owen,
2012]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-D17-2011; CI3-D01]
Colman, 1985; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Colman, 1985]
333
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
Haliotis pustulata Reeve, 1846
Haliotis varia Linnaeus, 1758
Haliotis sp. (juv.)
+
+
+
Family Scissurellidae
Scissurellidae sp.
Satondella cachoi Luque, Geiger & Rolan,
2011
Sinezona plicata (Hedley, 1899)
Trogloconcha ohashii Kase & Kano, 2002
CK
Records/Remarks
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
This study [Christmas Island: CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-23]
Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]
+
+
+
+
Maes, 1967 (not identified to genus or species); Wells, 1994 [after
Maes, 1967]
Luque et al., 2011
Geiger & Jansen, 2004b
Kase & Kano, 2002
Family Anatomidae
Thieleella equatoria (Hedley, 1899)
+
Geiger & Jansen, 2004a
Family Angariidae
Angaria cf. aculeata (Reeve, 1843)
Angaria delphinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Angaria cf. A. aculeata)
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Family Seguenziidae
Anxietas perplexa Iredale, 1917
+
Seguenzia sp.
+
Iredale, 1917 (type locality: Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 (as
Amphithalamus (Anxietas) perplexus); Ponder, 1985 [after Iredale, 1917];
Marshall, 1991 [after Iredale, 1917]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Amphithalamus perplexus) [after Tomlin, 1935]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Family Chilodontidae
Herpetopoma cf. instrictum (Gould, 1849)
+
Hybochelus cancellatus (Krauss, 1848)
+
Vaceuchelus foveolatus (A. Adams, 1853)
+
Family Trochidae
Broderipia rosea (Broderip, 1834)
Chrysostoma paradoxum (von Born, 1778)
Clanculus clanguloides (Wood, 1828)
Trochus intextus Kiener, 1850
Trochus maculatus Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
+
+
+
+
Trochus sp.
Ethalia striolata (A. Adams, 1855)
+
+
+
Monilea nucleus (Philippi, 1849)
Monilea cf. nucleus (Philippi, 1849)
Pseudostomatella sp.
Stomatella impertusa (Burrow, 1815)
+
+
+
Stomatella varia (A. Adams, 1850)
Stomatia phymotis Helbling, 1779
+
+
+
Stomatolina rubra (Lamarck, 1822)
+
+
+
Stomatolina cf. rubra (Lamarck, 1822)
+
Stomatia sulcata (Lamarck, 1816)
Synaptocochlea sp.
+
+
Maes, 1967 (as Euchelus cf. instrictus); Wells, 1994 (as Euchelus cf.
instrictus [after Maes, 1967])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas
Island: CI3-D01]
Maes, 1967 (as Euchelus foveolatus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Euchelus
foveolatus); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Euchelus foveolatus); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D16-2011]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D19-2011]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
ANSP
Abbott, 1950 (as Trochus (Infundibulum) maculatus); Maes, 1967; Wilson,
1993; Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2; CK22;
CK2-05; CK2-07; CK2-19]
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Lamprostoma, sp. (young) [see
Herbert, 1993])
Maes, 1967 [incorrect and probably Trochus lifuanus Fischer, 1878
(= Monilea lifuana) according to Herbert, 1992]; Wells et al., 1990;
Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study
[Christmas Island: CI-D19-2011]
Maes, 1967
Wells, 1994
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967 (as Stomatella impertussa [sic]); Wells, 1994 (as Stomatella
impertussa [after Maes, 1967]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D01]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990 (as Pseudostomatella rubra); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Pseudostomatella rubra)
Maes, 1967 (as Stomatia cf. rubra); Wells, 1994 (as Stomatia cf. rubra
[after Maes, 1967])
ANSP
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967])
334
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Family Turbinidae
†Astraea petrosa (Wood)
+
CK
Records/Remarks
Astralium calcar (Linnaeus, 1758)
Astralium cf. rhodostomum (Lamarck,
1822)
+
Collonista ilifera (Deshayes, 1863)
+
Parviturbo parvissima (Hedley, 1899)
Tectus conus (Gmelin, 1791)
+
Tectus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1767)
+
+
Tectus pyramis (Born, 1778)
Tectus virgatus (Gmelin, 1791)
†cf. Tectus sp.
Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
+
+
+
Turbo lajonkairii (Deshayes, 1839)
+
+
Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
†cf. Turbo sp.
+
Tomlin, 1935 [= Cerithium petrosa of Wood (1828)?; no turbinid with
the speciic epithet of petrosa is known, nor has any similarly named
taxon of Wood been located; could also be referring to Trochus petrosus
Martyn, 1784, the figure of which somewhat resembles Australium
rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822)]
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Astraea helicina [see Meyer et al., 2005]); Wells et al.,
1990 (as Astralium rhodostoma [see Meyer et al., 2005]); Wells, 1994 (as
Astraea helicina [see Meyer et al., 2005]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Astraea rhodostoma [see Meyer et al., 2005]); this study [Christmas
Island: CI-D03-2011; CI3-D03]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Leptothyra ilifera); this study [Christmas Island: CID19-2011; CI3-17; CI3-D05]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Tectus (Rochia)
conus); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D11-2011; CI-D15-2011; CID18-2011; CI3-26]
Smith, 1911 (as Trochus niloticus); Tomlin, 1935 (as Trochus (Rochia)
niloticus [after Smith, 1911]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Tectus (Rochia) niloticus); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Newton, 1900
Tomlin, 1935 (as Trochus (Cardinalia) vigatus)
Newton, 1900 (as Tectus?; tentatively identiied from a fragmentary cast)
Abbott, 1950 (as Turbo (Marmorostoma) argyrostomus); Maes, 1967 (as
Turbo (Marmorostoma) argyrostomus [after Abbott, 1950, and possibly
juvenile Turbo lajonkairii]); Armstrong, 1991; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
(as Turbo argyrostoma); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2]
Reeve, 1848; Paetel, 1883; Smith, 1887, 1900a, 1911 (as Turbo lajonkairei
[sic]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Turbo (Senectus) lajonkairii); Smith, in WoodJones, 1910, 1912; Gibson-Hill, 1946 (as Turbo (Senectus) lajonkairii);
Abbott, 1950 (as Turbo (Marmorostoma) iajonkairii [sic]); Maes, 1967
(as Turbo (Marmorostoma) lajonkairii); Tomlinson, 1969 (as Turbo
lajonkairi [sic; from Wake Island]; Abbott & Dance, 1986; Wells et al.,
1990; Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study
[Christmas Island: CI-D03-2011; CI-D16-2011; CI3-26; CI3-D01. Cocos
(Keeling) Islands: CK18]
Smith in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Turbo
(Turbo) petholatus); Maes, 1967 (as Turbo (Turbo) petholatus); Wells
et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a,
2006b; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D13-2011; CI-D15-2011; CI-D162011; CI-D19-2011; CI3-D05. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-03; CK2-07]
Newton, 1900 (uncertain, as Turbo?)
Family Liotiidae
Liotina sp.
+
This study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05]
+
+
+
Family Phasianellidae
Tricolia variabilis (Pease, 1861)
+
Maes, 1967 (as Hiloa variabilis); Wells, 1994 (as Hiloa variabilis [after
Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Tricolia sp. cf. Tricolia
variabilis)
Family Colloniidae
Leptothyra solida Preston, 1908
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Family Hydrocenidae
Georissa williamsi Godwin-Austen, 1889
Georissa aff. williamsi Godwin-Austen,
1889
Georissa sp.
Family Neritiliidae
Laddia traceyi (Ladd, 1965)
+
Laidlaw, 1935 (as Georissa javana [see Thompson & Dance, 1983]);
Beeton et al., 2010
Beeton et al., 2010
+
Beeton et al., 2010
+
Kano & Kase, 2008
+
335
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
Pisulina adamsiana G. Nevill & H. Nevill,
1869
Pisulina maxima Kano & Kase, 2000
Pisulina tenuis Kano & Kase, 2000
+
+
+
CK
Records/Remarks
+
Loch, 1994; Dekker, 2000 [after Loch, 1994]; Kano & Kase, 2000; Kano
& Kase, 2002; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D04-2011]
Kano & Kase, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D04; CI3-D06]
Kano & Kase, 2008
Family Neritidae
Clithon corona (Linnaeus, 1758)
Clithon chlorostoma (Sowerby I, 1833)
Neripteron bensoni (Récluz, 1850
Nerita albicilla Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
+
+
+
Nerita chamaeleon Linnaeus, 1758
Nerita costata Gmelin, 1791
+
+
+
Nerita grossa Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Nerita histrio Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Nerita incerta Von dem Busch in Philippi,
1844
Nerita insculpta Récluz, 1841
+
Nerita maxima Gmelin, 1791
+
Nerita nigrita Röding, 1798
Nerita ocellata Le Guillou, 1841
†Nerita pica Gould, 1859
+
+
+
Nerita plicata Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Nerita polita Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
+
+
Nerita undata Linnaeus, 1758
Nerita sp.
+
+
Smaragdia rangiana (Récluz, 1841)
Smaragdia souverbiana (Montrouzier,
1863)
+
+
Family Phenacolepadidae
Plesiothyreus elongatus (Thiele, 1909)
+
Plesiothyreus cf. senta (Hedley, 1899)
+
Plesiothyreus sp.
+
This study [Christmas Island: CI-09; CI-22-2011; CI3-03]
This study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011]
This study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011]
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Nerita
(Theliostyla) albicilla); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994;
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011;
CI-22-2011; CI3-07; CI3-13; CI3-23. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK7;
CK16; CK2-02; CK2-21]
This study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011]
Smith, 1900a, 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Nerita (Cymostyla)
costata); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-27-2011;
CI-33-2011; CI3-13; CI3-25]
Smith, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1911]; Wilson, 1993; this study
[Christmas Island: CI-07]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Nerita squamulata [see Mienis, 2004]);
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Nerita squamulata [see Mienis, 2004])
This study [Christmas Island: CI3-23]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Nerita georgina [see Kabat & Finet, 1992]); Wells et
al., 1990 (as Nerita squamulata [the igure of Wells et al. (1990: pl. 6,
ig. 26) clearly shows a Nerita insculpta]); this study [Christmas Island:
CI-03-2011; CI3-03; CI3-04]
Smith, 1887; von Martens, 1889; Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Wells et
al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al.,
1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI3-07; CI3-23; CI3-25]
This study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-22-2011]
This study [Christmas Island: CI3-23]
Tomlin, 1935 [presently a synonym of Nerita japonica Dunker, 1860,
an East Asian endemic; possibly referring to either Nerita incerta or
Nerita ocellata]
Smith, 1887; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Nerita (Ritena) plicata);
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
this study [Christmas Island: CI-01-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-272011; CI3-07. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK16; CK2-02; CK2-10; CK2-16]
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Smith, 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott,
1950 (as Nerita (Amphinerita) polita); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990;
Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island:
CI-01; CI-03-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-39-2011; CI3-07; CI3-13; CI3-15;
CI3-16. Cocos (keeling) Islands: CK16]
Abbott, 1950 (as Nerita (Ritena) undata); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (unidentiied young specimens [probably one or more of the
species listed above]); Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Phenacolepas elongata (A. Adams) [nomen nudum made
available by Thiele, 1909]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Phenacolepas
elongata [after Tomlin, 1935])
Maes, 1967 (as Phenacolepas cf. senta); Wells, 1994 (as Phenacolepas
cf. senta [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Phenacolepas sp.); Wells, 1994 (as Phenacolepas sp.
[after Maes, 1967])
336
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Family Neritopsidae
Neritopsis radula (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D04-2011; CI-D06-2011; CI3-D02;
CI3-D03; CI3-D04; CI3-D04; CI3-D06; CI3-D06; CI3-D09]
Family Cyclophoridae
Leptopoma cf. wallacei (Pfeiffer, 1857)
+
Leptopoma sp.
+
Family Cerithiidae
Bittium glareosum Gould, 1861
Bittium sp. “1”
Bittium sp. “2”
Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886)
Smith, 1889, 1900b (as Leptopoma mouhoti Pfeiffer, 1861 var. [see
Laidlaw, 1935]); Laidlaw, 1935 (as Japonia (?) wallacei subspecies)
[apparently a yet unnamed if valid subspecies, herein regarded as L.
wallacei for convenience]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-34-2011]
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (with uncertainty as ?L. mouhoti [very
likely to be the same as Leptopoma cf. wallacei listed above]; see also
Laidlaw, 1935])
+
+
+
+
Cerithium atromarginatum Dautzenberg &
Bouge, 1933
+
+
Cerithium citrinum Sowerby II, 1855
Cerithium columna Sowerby I, 1834
+
+
+
+
Cerithium echinatum Lamarck, 1822
+
+
Cerithium egenum Gould, 1849
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cerithium ianthinum Gould, 1849
Cerithium cf. ianthinum Gould, 1849
Cerithium nesioticum Pilsbry & Vanatta,
1906
Cerithium nodulosum Bruguière, 1792
+
Cerithium punctatum Bruguière, 1792
+
+
Cerithium
II, 1855
Cerithium
Cerithium
Cerithium
+
+
rostratum A. Adams in Sowerby
tenellum Sowerby II, 1855
traillii Sowerby II, 1855
zebrum Kiener, 1841
Cerithium zonatum (Wood, 1828)
+
+
+
+
Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935])
Maes, 1967 (two species); Wells, 1994 (as Bittum [sic] sp.)
Maes, 1967 (two species); Wells, 1994 (as Bittum [sic] sp.)
Maes, 1967 (as Obtortio diplax); Wells, 1994 (as Obtortio diplax [after
Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Conocerithium) atromarginatum); Wells et
al., 1990; Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this
study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011; CI3-14; CI3-23]
Wells et al., 1990; Houbrick, 1992; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Contumax) columna); Maes, 1967; Wells
et al., 1990; Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
[after Wells et al., 1990]
Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Contumax) echinatum);
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D16-2011; CI3-D01.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK21; CK2-08; CK2-13; CK2-18; CK2-18]
Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Conocerithium) egenum); Wells et al., 1990
(also as Cerithium rarimaculatum [see Houbrick, 1992]); Houbrick,
1992; Rehder, 1980 (as Cerithium (Thericium) egenum); Wells, 1994
(also as Cerithium rarimaculatum [see Houbrick, 1992]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Cerithium egenum and Cerithium rarimaculatum [see
Houbrick, 1992]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-17. Cocos (Keeling)
Islands: CK2-18]
Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Semivertagus) ianthinum)
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Semivertagus) nesioticum); Barash & Danin,
1986 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells et al., 1990 (as Cerithium spiculum [see
Houbrick, 1992]); Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Cerithium nesioticum and Cerithium spiculum [see Houbrick,
1992]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-272011; CI3-D01; CI3-D05; CI3-17]
Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Cerithium) nodulosum); Maes, 1967;
Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-19]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Cerithium piperitum [see Houbrick, 1992]); Maes, 1967
(as Cerithium (Semivertagus) piperitum [see Houbrick, 1992]); Wells
et al., 1990 (as Cerithium alveolus [see Houbrick, 1992]); Houbrick,
1992; Wells, 1994 (as Cerithium piperitum [after Maes, 1967]); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cerithium alveolus [see Houbrick, 1992); this
study [Christmas Island: CI3-17. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-15]
Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Ischnocerithium) rostratum); Houbrick, 1992;
Wells, 1994
Houbrick, 1992
Wells, 1994
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Cerithium zebra var.); Tomlin, 1935; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Bittium zebrum) [after Tomlin, 1935]
Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium purpurascens [see Houbrick, 1992]); Houbrick,
1992; Wells, 1994 (as Cerithium purpurascens [after Maes, 1967] [see
Houbrick, 1992])
337
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Cerithium sp.
Clypeomorus bifasciata (Sowerby II, 1855)
Clypeomorus nympha Houbrick, 1985
+
+
+
Gourmya gourmyi (Crosse, 1861)
Pictorium koperbergi (Schepman, 1907)
Rhinoclavis articulata (A. Adams &
Reeve, 1850)
+
+
+
+
Rhinoclavis aspera (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Rhinoclavis diadema Houbrick, 1978
Rhinoclavis fasciata (Bruguière, 1792)
+
+
+
Rhinoclavis sinensis (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Royella sinon (Bayle, 1880)
+
Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Clypeomorus) sp.)
Wells, 1994
Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Clypeomorus) sejunctum [see Houbrick,
1985]; Houbrick, 1985 (as Clypeomorus nympha [replacement name for
sejunctum Iredale, 1929 (non Zekeli, 1852)]); Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium
sejunctum [after Abbott, 1950])
Wells, 1994 (as Gourmya gourmyii)
Strong & Bouchet, 2013
Wells et al., 1990 (as Rhinoclavis articulatus); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Rhinoclavis articulatus); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D04.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2]
Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Rhinoclavis) asper); Maes, 1967 (as
Rhinoclavis asper); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Rhinoclavis asper);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Rhinoclavis asper)
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967 (as Rhinoclavis procera [see Wells, 1994]); Wells, 1994 (as
Rhinoclavis fasciatus)
Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Rhinoclavis) sinensis); Maes, 1967; Wells et
al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas
Island: CI-27-2011]
Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Rhinoclavis) vertagus); Maes, 1967; Wells,
1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK3; CK2-01; CK2-22]
Tomlin, 1935
Family Turritellidae
Turritella concava von Martens, 1880
+
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Colman, 1985]
Family Dialidae
Diala albugo (Watson, 1886)
Diala semistriata (Philippi, 1849)
Diala sulcifera sulcifera (A. Adams, 1862)
+
+
Family Modulidae
Modulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791)
Family Planaxidae
Angiola fasciata (Pease, 1868)
Rhinoclavis vertagus (Linnaeus, 1767)
+
+
Maes, 1967; Ponder & de Keyzer, 1992; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Ponder & de Keyzer, 1992
Ponder & de Keyzer, 1992
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000
+
+
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas
Island: CI-22-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-21]
Maes, 1967 (as Planaxis lineatus); Wells, 1994 (as Planaxis lineatus
[after Maes, 1994])
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Planaxis longispira); Tomlin, 1935 (as Planaxis
longispira)
Maes, 1967 (as Couthouyia stoliczkanus); Wells, 1994 (as Couthouyia
stoliczkanus [after Maes, 1967])
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Maes, 1967
Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study
[Christmas Island: CI3-13]
Angiola lineata (da Costa, 1778)
Angiola longispira (Smith, 1872)
+
+
Fossarus stoliczkanus (Nevill & Nevill,
1871)
Fossarus trochlearis (A. Adams, 1853)
Planaxis niger Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
+
Family Plesiotrochidae
Plesiotrochus ischeri Smith, 1909
+
Smith, 1909 (type locality: Christmas Island), 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]
Family Scaliolidae
Finella rugosa (Laseron, 1956)
+
Laseron, 1956b (as Obtortio rugosa; type locality: Christmas Island)
Family Cypraeidae
Arestorides argus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea argus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cypraea argus [after Wells et al., 1990])
ANSP
Bistolida goodalli (Gray in Sowerby I,
1832)
Bistolida kieneri (Hidalgo, 1906)
+
+
+
+
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea kieneri); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cypraea kieneri [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas Island:
CI-17-2011; CI3-16]
338
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Bistolida stolida (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea stolida); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea stolida);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea stolida [after Wells et al., 1990]);
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea stolida)
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea hirundo); Abbott, 1950
(as Cypraea (Blasicrura) hirundo); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea hirundo);
Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea hirundo)
Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Callistocypraea) testudinaria); Maes, 1967
(as Cypraea testudinaria); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea testudinaria);
Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea testudinaria); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cypraea testudinaria)
Marrat, 1879; Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea
(Cypraea) tigris); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; this study [Christmas Island:
CI-D05-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK8; CK2-05]
Newton, 1900 [probably belonging to the Lyncina group]
Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea boivinii); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea boivinii
[after Maes, 1967])
Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea erosa); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Erosaria)
erosa); Schilder & Schilder, 1938 (as Erosaria (Erosaria) phagedaina)
[see Lorenz & Fehse, 2009]; Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea erosa); Wells et
al., 1990 (as Cypraea erosa); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea erosa); Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea erosa); this study [Christmas Island:
CI-D08-2011; CI3-D02]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea helvola); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Erosaria)
helvola); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea helvola); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea
helvola); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea helvola); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cypraea helvola); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D03-2011; CI3-D02]
Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea labrolineata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea
labrolineata); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea labrolineata); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Cypraea labrolineata); this study [Christmas Island:
CI-D18-2011]
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Cypraea poraria); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea
poraria [after Smith, 1909, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Erosaria)
poraria); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea poraria); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea
poraria); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea poraria); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Cypraea poraria [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas
Island: CI-D07-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-13]
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea caurica); Maes, 1967 (as
Cypraea caurica); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea caurica [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea errones); Schilder & Schilder, 1938 (as Erronea
(Erronea) errones)
Tomlin, 1935 (as Pustularia childreni); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea
childreni); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea childreni)
Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea isabella); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912
(as Cypraea isabella); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Luria) isabella); Maes,
1967 (as Cypraea isabella); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea isabella); Wells,
1994 (as Cypraea isabella); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea
isabella); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D04-2011]
Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) carneola); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea
carneola); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea carneola); Wells, 1994 (as
Cypraea carneola); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea carneola);
this study [Christmas Island: CI-D08-2011; CI3-D02; CI3-D06]
Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea lynx); Smith, 1900a, 1911(as Cypraea lynx);
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea lynx); Oostingh, 1925 (as
Cypraea (Cypraea) lynx [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea
lynx [after Smith, 1900a, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Cypraea)
lynx); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea lynx); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea
lynx); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea lynx); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cypraea lynx); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D03-2011; CI-D08-2011;
CI3-D02. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-03]
Colman, 1985; Kay, 1990; Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea ventriculus);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea ventriculus)
Meyer, 2004 (as Lyncina sp. nov. cf. ventriculus)
Blasicrura hirundo (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Chelycypraea testudinaria (Linnaeus,
1758)
+
+
Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
†Cypraea sp.
Erosaria boivinii (Kiener, 1843)
+
Erosaria erosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Erosaria helvola (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Erosaria labrolineata (Gaskoin, 1849)
+
+
Erosaria poraria (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
Erronea caurica (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Erronea errones (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Ipsa childreni (Gray, 1825)
+
Luria isabella (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Lyncina carneola (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Lyncina lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Lyncina ventriculus (Lamarck, 1810)
+
Lyncina sp.
+
339
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Lyncina vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Mauritia arabica (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Mauritia depressa dispersa Schilder &
Schilder, 1939
+
+
Mauritia histrio (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Mauritia mauritiana (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Mauritia scurra (Gmelin, 1791)
+
Monetaria annulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Monetaria caputserpentis (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea vitellus); Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Cypraea
vitellus); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea vitellus); Tomlin,
1935 (as Cypraea vitellus [after Smith, 1900a, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as
Cypraea (Cypraea) vitellus); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea vitellus); Wells
et al., 1990 (as Cypraea vitellus); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea vitellus);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea vitellus [after Wells et al.,
1990]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea vitellus); this study [Cocos
(Keeling) Islands: CK2-07]
Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea arabica); Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Cypraea
arabica); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea arabica);
Oostingh, 1925 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) arabica [after Smith, 1911]);
Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea arabica [after Smith, 1900a, 1911); Maes,
1967 (as Cypraea arabica); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea arabica);
Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea arabica); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cypraea arabica); this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-23;
CI3-23; CI3-25]
Smith, 1911 (as Cypraea arabica var. gillei [misidentiication; a junior
synonym of Mauritia maculifera which does not occur in the Indian
Ocean; see Lorenz & Hubert, 2000]); Schilder & Schilder, 1934 (as
Cypraea depressa); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea arabica var. gillei [after
Smith, 1911; see also discussion under Cypraea (Mauritia) depressa in
Abbott, 1950]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Mauritia) depressa); Maes,
1967 (as Cypraea depressa dispersa); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea
depressa); Wilson, 1993 (as Mauritia depressa); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea
depressa); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea depressa); this study
[Christmas Island: CI3-07]
Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea histrio); Smith, 1900a (as Cypraea arabica
var. reticulata [a junior synonym of Mauritia maculifera which does not
occur in the Indian Ocean (see Lorenz & Hubert, 2000); Smith’s record
is this species according to Abbott, 1950]; Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea
histrio [purportedly after Smith, 1900a, but record not located]); Abbott,
1950 (as Cypraea (Mauritia) histrio); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea histrio);
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea histrio); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea histrio);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea histrio); this study [Cocos
(Keeling) Islands: CK7]
Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea mauritiana); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912
(as Cypraea mauritiana); Smith, 1911 (as Cypraea mauritiana); Oostingh,
1925 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) mauritiana [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935
(as Cypraea mauritiana [after Smith, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea
(Mauritia) mauritiana); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea mauritiana); Wells et
al., 1990 (as Cypraea mauritiana); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea mauritiana);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea mauritania [sic] [after Wells et
al., 1990]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea mauritiana); this study
[Christmas Island: CI-04-2011; CI-17-2011; CI3-07. Cocos (Keeling)
Islands: CK2-09]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea scurra); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cypraea scurra)
Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Cypraea annulus); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910,
1912 (as Cypraea annulus); Oostingh, 1925 (as Cypraea (Cypraea)
annulus [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea annulus [after
Smith, 1900a, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Monetaria) annulus);
Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea annulus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea annulus);
Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea annulus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea
annulus); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-16.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK-no stn; CK2-19]
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea caput-serpentis); Tomlin,
1935 (as Cypraea caput-serpentis); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Erosaria)
caputserpentis); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea caputserpentis); Tissot, 1998;
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea caputserpentis); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea
caputserpentis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea caputserpentis);
this study [Christmas Island: CI-05-2011; CI-17-2011; CI3-07; CI3-14;
CI3-14; CI3-15]
340
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Monetaria moneta (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Notadusta punctata (Linnaeus, 1771)
Nucleolaria nucleus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
Ovatipsa chinensis (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Ovatipsa coloba (Melvill, 1888)
Palmadusta asellus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Palmadusta clandestina (Linnaeus, 1767)
+
Palmadusta contaminata (Sowerby I, 1832)
+
Palmadusta ziczac (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Purpuradusta imbriata (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Purpuradusta microdon (Gray, 1828)
+
+
Purpuradusta cf. microdon (Gray, 1828)
Purpuradusta minoridens (Melvill, 1901)
+
+
Pustularia bistrinotata bistrinotata Schilder
& Schilder, 1937
+
Pustularia cicercula (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Pustularia globulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Staphylaea limacina (Lamarck, 1810)
Staphylaea staphylaea (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
Talostolida teres (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Talparia talpa (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Cypraea moneta); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910,
1912 (as Cypraea moneta); Oostingh, 1925 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) moneta
[after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea moneta [after Smith, 1900a,
1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Monetaria) moneta); Maes, 1967 (as
Cypraea moneta); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea moneta); Wells, 1994
(as Cypraea moneta); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea moneta);
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea moneta); this study [Christmas
Island: CI-22-2011; CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-15. Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
CK2; CK3; CK16; CK2-01; CK2-19]
Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea punctata)
Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Staphylaea) nucleus); Maes, 1967 (as
Staphylaea nucleus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea nucleus); Wells,
1994 (as Cypraea nucleus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea
nucleus and Cypraea staphylaea)
Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea chinensis); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea
chinensis); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea chinensis [after Maes, 1967]); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea chinensis [after Wells et al., 1990]);
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea chinensis)
Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea coloba)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea asellus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cypraea asellus [after Wells et al., 1990])
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea clandestina); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Cypraea clandestina [after Wells et al., 1990])
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea contaminata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Cypraea contaminata [after Wells et al., 1990])
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea ziczac); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cypraea ziczac [after Wells et al., 1990])
Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea imbriata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea
imbriata); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea imbriata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Cypraea imbriata [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas
Island: CI3-D01]
Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea microdon); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea
microdon); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea microdon); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Cypraea microdon [after Wells et al., 1990])
This study [Christmas Island: CI-D18-2011]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea minoridens); Wilson, 1993; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Cypraea minoridens)
Schilder & Schilder, 1940 (as Pustularia bistrinotata keelingensis
Schilder & Schilder, 1940 [see Lorenz & Hubert, 2000]); Wells et al.,
1990 (as Cypraea bistrinotata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea
bistrinotata); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05]
Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea cicerula [sic]
[after Tomlin, 1935])
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea globulus); Wells et al.,
1990 (as Cypraea globulus); Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea
globulus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea globulus [after Wells
et al., 1990])
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea limacina)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea staphylaea); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as
Cypraea staphylaea); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea teres); Wilson, 1993 (as Cypraea teres);
Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea teres); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea
teres); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea teres); this study [Christmas
Island: CI3-D02]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea talpa); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea talpa);
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea talpa); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Cypraea talpa [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas Island:
CI-D05-2011]
Family Ovulidae
Calpurnus verrucosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula ovum (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
+
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes,
1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman,
2006a, 2006b
341
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Phenacovolva nectarea Iredale, 1930
+
+
Procalpurnus lacteus (Lamarck, 1810)
+
+
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Phenacovolva tokioi [see Lorenz & Fehse,
2009])
Maes, 1967 (as Calpurnus lacteus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Calpurnus
lacteus); Wells, 1994 (as Calpurnus lacteus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Calpurnus lacteus [after Wells et al., 1990])
Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea-ovula adamsonii); Maes, 1967 (as Pseudocypraea
adamsoni); Wells, 1994 (as Pseudocypraea adamsoni [after Maes, 1967])
Schilder & Schilder, 1938 (as Pustularia (Ipsa) lemuria [see Lorenz &
Fehse, 2009]); Lorenz & Fehse, 2009
Pseudocypraea adamsonii (Sowerby I,
1832)
Volva volva (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Family Littorinidae
Echinolittorina reticulata (Anton, 1838)
+
+
Echinolittorina wallaceana Reid, 2007
+
+
+
Littoraria coccinea (Gmelin, 1791)
+
Littoraria scabra (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Littoraria subvittata Reid, 1986
Littoraria undulata (Gray, 1839)
+
+
+
Family Pickworthiidae
Chrystella islandica Laseron, 1956
+
Discrevinia balba Laseron, 1956
+
Microliotia koizumii Kase, 1998
Microliotia mirabilis (Kuroda & Habe,
1991)
Reynellona natalis Iredale, 1917
+
+
+
Smith, 1887 (as Littorina granicostata [see discussion in Reid, 2007];
type locality: Christmas Island); Smith, 1889 (as Littorina insularis,
proposed replacement name for Littorina granicostata in footnote [see
also Reid, 2007]); Smith, 1891 (as Littorina grano-costata [sic] [see Reid,
2007]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Littorina granocostata [sic]); Maes, 1967 (as
Tectarius granularis [see Reid, 2007]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Nodilittorina
millegrana [see Reid, 2007]); Wells, 1994 (as Tectarius granularis [after
Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Nodolittorina millegrana
[see Reid, 2007]); Reid, 2007; this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011;
CI3-22]
Smith, 1887 (as Littorina moluccana [error for malaccana according to
Reid, 2007]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Tectarius malaccanus [see Reid, 2007]);
Maes, 1967 (as Nodilittorina pyramidalis [see Reid, 2007]); Wells et al.,
1990 (as Nodilittorina pyramidalis [see Reid, 2007]); Wells, 1994 (as
Nodilittorina pyramidalis [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Nodilittorina pyramidalis [see Reid, 2007]); Reid, 2007; this study
[Christmas Island: CI-01-2011; CI-D07-2011; CI3-22]
Abbott, 1950 (as Littorina obesa [see Reid, 1986]); Maes, 1967 (also
as Littoraria glabrata [see Reid et al., 2010]); Rosewater, 1970; Wells,
1994 [after Abbott, 1950, and glabrata after Maes, 1967]); Low & Tan,
2014 (after Rosewater, 1970)
Abbott, 1950 (as Littorina scabra); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990;
Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Littorina scabra); this study
[Christmas Island: CI-03-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-06; CK2-10]
Reid, 1986 (as Littoraria (Littorinopsis) subvittata)
Smith, 1887 (as Littorina picta [synonym of Echinolittorina hawaiiensis,
see Reid, 2007; referring to this species according to Tomlin, 1935]);
Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Littorina undulata); Maes, 1967; Wells
et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Littorina
undulata); this study [Christmas Island: CI-01-2011; CI-03-2011; CI04-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-33-2011; CI3-22. Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
CK2-05; CK2-09; CK2-10]
Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island); Warén, 1983a [after
Laseron, 1956b]; Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003; Moolenbeek & Mussai,
2010 [after Laseron, 1956b]
Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island); Le Renard & Bouchet,
2003 [after Laseron, 1956b]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D03;
CI3-D06]
This study [Christmas Island: CI3-D06]
Takano & Kano, 2014; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D04; CI3-D06]
Iredale, 1917 (type locality: Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 (as Sansonia
(Reynellona) natalis [after Iredale, 1917]); Shikano, 1990 (as Sansonia
(Reynellona) natalis) [Shikano’s (1990) record from Okinawa means that
this species is no longer endemic]); Kase, 1998 [after Shikano, 1990];
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Sansonia natalis) [after Tomlin, 1935];
Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003 [after Iredale, 1917]
342
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Sansonia andamanica (Preston, 1908)
+
Iredale, 1917 (as Pickworthia andrewsi [see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003];
type locality: Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 (as Sansonia sansonia [see
Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Sansonia
sansonia [see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003] [after Tomlin, 1935]); Le
Renard & Bouchet, 2003
Sansonia kirkpatricki (Iredale, 1917)
+
Sansonia umbilicata Jousseaume, 1921
Sansoniella minuta (Hornung & Mermod,
1927)
+
+
Sherbornia mirabilis Iredale, 1917
+
Iredale, 1917 (as Pickworthia kirkpatricki; type locality: Christmas
Island); Tomlin, 1935 [after Iredale, 1917]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
[after Tomlin, 1935]; Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003
Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003
Laseron, 1956b (as Merelina hians [see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003;
see also Moolenbeek, 2008]; type locality: Christmas Island); Le Renard
& Bouchet, 2004 (as Clatrosansonia minuta) [after Laseron, 1956b];
Moolenbeek, 2008 (as Sansoniella minuta) [after Laseron, 1956b]
Iredale, 1917 (type locality: Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 [after Iredale,
1917]; Cernohorsky, 1981 [after Iredale, 1917]; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003
Family Naticidae
Eunaticina papilla (Gmelin, 1791)
Mammilla melanostoma (Gmelin, 1791)
CK
Records/Remarks
Tectonatica robillardi (Sowerby III, 1894)
+
Wells, 1994
Abbott, 1950 (as Polinices melanostoma); Maes, 1967 (as Polinices
melanostoma); Wells, 1994 (as Polinices melanostomus)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Polinices sebae); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Polinices sebae); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011]
Maes, 1967 (as Polinices simiae); Wells, 1994 (as Polinices simiae [after
Maes, 1967])
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (two undetermined species)
Maes, 1967 (two undetermined species)
Maes, 1967 (as Natica lineozona); Wells, 1994 (as Natica lineozona
[after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Natica orientalis); Kilburn, 1976 (as Natica (Naticarius)
orientalis [after Maes, 1967]; Wells, 1994 (as Natica orientalis [after
Maes, 1967]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Natica orientalis)
Maes, 1967 (as Natica lemniscata [see Kilburn, 1976; Rehder, 1980]);
Kilburn, 1976 (as Natica (Natica) cernica [after Maes, 1967]; Wells,
1994 (as Natica lemniscata [after Maes, 1967]) [Natica lemniscata
Philippi, 1852, is a junior synonym of Natica marochiensis which is
not an Indo-West Paciic species, and Maes’ (1967) record from the
Cocos-Keeling Islands was identiied as Notocochlis cernica by Kilburn
(1976) and Rehder (1980)]
Abbott, 1950 (as Natica marochiensis [see Kabat, 2000]); Wells, 1994
(also as Natica marochiensis [after Maes, 1967])
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Polinices tumidus [see Kabat,
2000; also after Maes, 1967])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Natica areolata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Natica
areolata) [after Tomlin, 1935]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Natica picta); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Natica
picta); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-15; CI3-23]
Maes, 1967 (as Natica robillardi); Wells, 1994 (as Natica robillardi)
Family Atlantidae
Atlanta sp.
+
Maes, 1967
Mammilla sebae (Récluz, 1844)
+
+
+
Mammilla simiae (Deshayes, 1838)
+
Natica fasciata (Röding, 1798)
Natica sp. “1”
Natica sp. “2”
Naticarius lineozona (Jousseaume, 1874)
+
+
+
+
Naticarius orientalis (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Notocochlis cernica (Jousseaume, 1874)
+
Notocochlis gualtieriana (Récluz, 1844)
+
Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Tanea areolata (Récluz, 1844)
+
Tanea picta (Récluz, 1844)
+
Family Rissoidae
Alvania isolata (Laseron, 1956)
+
+
Laseron, 1956b (as Haurakia isolata; type locality: Christmas Island);
Maes, 1967 (as Haurakia isolata); Kay, 1979 (as Alvinia isolata); Wells,
1994 (as Haurakia isolata [after Maes, 1967]); Chang & Wu, 2004 [after
Laseron, 1956; Maes, 1967]; Hasegawa, 2006 [after Laseron, 1956b]
Family Rissoinidae
Rissoina ambigua (Gould, 1849)
+
+
Rissoina andamanica Weinkauff, 1881
+
+
Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Rissoina) ambigua); Wells, 1994
(as Rissoina ambigua [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
ANSP (as Rissoina (Rissoina) andamanica)
343
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
Rissoina
Rissoina
Rissoina
Rissoina
CI
balteata Pease, 1869
exasperata Souverbie, 1866
isolata (Laseron, 1956)
modesta Gould, 1861
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Laseron, 1956b (as Costalynia isolata; type locality: Christmas Island)
Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Zebinella) cf. tenuistriata [see Hasegawa,
2006]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Kase, 1998 (as Rissoina (Rissoina)
modesta); Hasegawa, 2006; {Hasegawa (2006) discussed that Maes’ (1967)
identiication of material from the Cocos-Keeling Islands as “Rissoina
(Zebinella) cf. tenuistriata” was probably of Rissoina modesta Gould,
1861, or a “closely allied but different species”}
Laseron, 1956b (as Austrosina evanida [see Sleurs, 1992]; type locality:
Christmas Island); Sleurs, 1992; Chang & Wu, 2004 (as Rissoina evanida
(Laseron, 1956), not Rissoina evanida G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874 [see
Sleurs, 1992]); ANSP (as Rissoina (Rissoina) perita); {Laseron (1956b)
described Austrosina evanida from Christmas Island. This species, now
referable to the genus Rissoina, becomes a junior secondary homonym
of Rissoina evanida G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874. Sleurs (1992) proposed
the replacement name Rissoina perita}
Laseron, 1956b (as Austrosina quinita; type locality: Christmas Island);
Chang & Wu, 2004 [after Laseron, 1956b]
Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Leal & Moore, 1989 [after Maes, 1967];
Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Laseron, 1956b (as Pandalosia delicatula; type locality: Christmas Island)
Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Rissolina) ephamilla); Wells, 1994 (as Rissoina
ephamilla [after Maes, 1967])
Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island)
Laseron, 1956b (as Pandalosia oceanica; type locality: Christmas Island)
Tomlin, 1935 (as Rissoina triticea); Abbott, 1950 (as Rissoina plicata
[see Maes, 1967]); Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Schartziella) triticea); Wells,
1994 (as Rissoina triticea [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Rissoina tritica [sic]); Chang & Wu, 2004 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Schartziella) sp.
Tomlin, 1935 (as Bittium hiloense); Kay, 1979 (as Isselia hiloense [after
Tomlin, 1935]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]
Laseron, 1956b (as Isselia incisa; type locality: Christmas Island)
Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Isselia) polytropa); Wells, 1994 (as Rissoina
polytropa [after Maes, 1967])
Ponder, 1985 (as Zebina (Tomlinella) miranda)
Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island); Sleurs, 1991 [after
Laseron, 1956b]
Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island)
Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island); Chang & Wu, 2004
[after Laseron, 1956b]; Hasegawa, 2006 [after Laseron, 1956b]
Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island); Sleurs & van Goethem,
2002 [after Laseron, 1956b]
Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]
Sleurs & van Goethem, 2002 (as Zebina (Zebina ?) malagazzae)
+
+
Rissoina quinita (Laseron, 1956)
+
Rissoina turricula Pease, 1861
+
Rissoina sp.
Schwartziella delicatula (Laseron, 1956)
Schwartziella ephamilla (Watson, 1886)
+
+
Schwartziella lata Laseron, 1956
Schwartziella oceanica (Laseron, 1956)
Schwartziella triticea (Pease, 1861)
+
+
+
Schwartziella sp.
Stosicia hiloense (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1908)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Tomlinella miranda Viader, 1938
Zebina acicula Laseron, 1956
+
Zebina constricta Laseron, 1956
Zebina isolata Laseron, 1956
+
+
Zebina linearis Laseron, 1956
+
Zebina lis Tomlin, 1918
Zebina malagazzae Sleurs & van Goethem,
2002
Zebina semiplicata (Pease, 1862)
Zebina tridentata (Michaud, 1830)
Rissoinidae sp.
+
+
Family Assimineidae
Assiminea sp.
Paludinella andrewsiana (Smith, 1900)
Records/Remarks
+
Rissoina perita Sleurs, 1992
Stosicia incisa (Laseron, 1956)
Stosicia polytropa (Hedley, 1899)
CK
+
+
+
+
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (as Rissoidae sp.; several dead collected specimens determined
only to family); Wells et al., 1990 (not identiied to genus or species;
probably several species unidentified [a representative Rissoina sp.
igured]); Wells, 1994 (as Rissoina sp. [after Maes, 1967])
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Smith, 1900b (as Assiminea andrewsiana; type locality: Christmas
Island); Laidlaw, 1935; Dammermann, 1948; Abbott, 1958 (as Assiminea
andrewsiana [after Smith, 1900b]); Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001
(tentatively as ?A. andrewsiana [herein regarded provisionally as
conspeciic])
344
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CK
Records/Remarks
Family Caecidae
Meioceras sp.
+
Maes, 1967 (as Caecum (Meioceras) sp.); Wells, 1994 (as Caecum sp.
[after Maes, 1967])
Family Tornidae
Teinostoma sp.
Tornidae sp.
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (not identiied to genus or species, as Vitrinellidae sp. [see
Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005]); Wells, 1994 (as Vitrinella sp. [after Maes, 1967]
+
+
Smith, 1889, 1900b, 1909, 1911 (as Truncatella valida [see Clench &
Turner, 1948]); Oostingh, 1923 (as Truncatella valida [after Smith, 1900]);
Laidlaw, 1935 (as Truncatella valida [see Clench & Turner, 1948]); Maes,
1967; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Truncatella sp. cf. T.
guerinii); Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001; Tan & Low, 2014; this study
[Christmas Island: CI3-22]
Family Strombidae
Canarium microurceus Kira, 1959
+
+
Canarium mutabile (Swainson, 1821)
+
+
Conomurex luhuanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Wells et al., 1990 (as Strombus microurceus); Wells, 1994 (as Strombus
microurceus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Strombus microurceus);
this study [Christmas Island: CI3-23]
Abbott, 1950 (as Strombus flammeus [non Link, 1807; see Abbott,
1960]; Abbott, 1960 (as Strombus mutabilis); Maes, 1967 (as Strombus
mutabilis); Wells et al., 1990 (as Strombus mutabilis); Wells, 1994 (as
Strombus mutabilis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Strombus mutabilis);
this study [Christmas Island: CI3-15]
Maes, 1967 (as Strombus luhuanus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Strombus
luhuanus); Wells, 1994 (as Strombus luhuanus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Strombus luhuanus); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Strombus luhuanus)
Maes, 1967 (as Strombus aurisdianae); Wells, 1994 (as Strombus
aurisdianae)
Abbott, 1950 (as Strombus gibberulus); Abbott, 1960 (as Strombus
gibberulus gibberulus); Maes, 1967 (as Strombus gibberulus gibberulus);
Wells, 1994 (as Strombus gibberulus); this study [Cocos (Keeling)
Islands: CK2-01]
Abbott, 1950 (as Lambis chiragra); Maes, 1967 (as Lambis chiragra);
Wells et al., 1990 (as Lambis chiragra); Wells, 1994 (as Lambis chiragra);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Lambis chiragra) [after Wells et al., 1990]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994;
Williams, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b;
Bellchambers et al., 2011; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-19]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990];
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Marrat, 1879 (as Heptadactylus radix-bryoniae [sic; see Wilson, 1993]);
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Lambis truncata truncata); Wells et al.,
1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
ANSP
Tomlin, 1935 (as Strombus lentiginosus); Abbott, 1950 (as Strombus
lentiginosus); Abbott, 1960 (as Strombus lentiginosus); Maes, 1967 (as
Strombus lentiginosus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Strombus lentiginosus);
Wells, 1994 (as Strombus lentiginosus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Strombus lentiginosus)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Strombus dentatus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Strombus dentatus [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
(as Strombus dentatus)
Family Truncatellidae
Truncatella guerinii A. Villa & J. Villa,
1841
CI
Euprotomus aurisdianae (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Gibberulus gibberulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Harpago chiragra (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Lambis lambis (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Lambis millepeda (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lambis scorpius (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
Lambis truncata truncata (Lightfoot, 1786)
+
+
Lambis truncata sebae (Kiener, 1843)
Lentigo lentiginosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
Tridentarius dentatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Family Tonnidae
Malea pomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Tonna canaliculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Marrat, 1879 (as Dolium pomum); Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Quimalea
pomum); Wells, 1994
Marrat, 1879 (as Dolium oleareum [sic; see Beu, 2005]); Abbott, 1950
(as Tonna olearium [see Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
345
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Tonna perdix (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Abbott, 1950; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; this study [Cocos
(Keeling) Islands: CK-2]
Family Cassidae
Casmaria erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Tomlin, 1935 (as Phalium vibex [see Kreipl, 1997]); Abbott, 1950 (as
Casmaria vibex [see Kreipl, 1997]); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990;
Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Casmaria
erinacea); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] (and also
as Casmaria vibex [after Tomlin, 1935]); this study [Christmas Island:
CI-D05-2011]
Abbott, 1950 (as Cassis (Cypraecassis) rufa); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
[after Maes, 1967]
Cypraecassis rufa (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Family Bursidae
Bursa bufonia (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Bursa cruentata (Sowerby II, 1835)
+
+
Bursa granularis (Röding, 1798)
+
+
Bursa lamarckii (Deshayes, 1853)
+
+
Bursa rhodostoma (Sowerby II, 1835)
+
+
Bursa tuberosissima (Reeve, 1844)
Tutufa nigrita Mühlhäusser & Blöcher,
1979
Tutufa rubeta (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
Family Personidae
Distorsio anus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Distorsio reticularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Family Ranellidae
Charonia tritonis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Maes, 1967; Beu, 1981 (as Bursa (Bursa) bufonaria); Wells et al., 1990;
Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et
al., 1990]
Smith, 1887 (as Ranella cruentata); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1887];
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Newton, 1900 (as Tutufa granifera [see Beu, 1998]); Maes, 1967; Wells et
al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas
Island: CI-27-2011; CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-16]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Bursa lamarcki [sic]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Wells et al., 1990 (as Bursa nigrita); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Bursa nigrita [after Wells et al., 1990])
Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-18]
+
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island:
CI-D05-2011; CI-D08-2011]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Distorsio reticulata [see Beu, 1998]); Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Ditorsio reticulata [see Beu, 1998] [after Wells
et al., 1990])
+
+
Cymatium lotorium (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Gelagna succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
+
+
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994
[after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Abbott, 1950 (as Linatella (Gelagna) clandestinum [see Beu, 1998]); Maes,
1967 (as Linatella clandestinum [see Beu, 1998]); Beu & Cernohorsky,
1986 (as Linatella (Gelagna) succincta); Wells et al., 1990 (as Linatella
succincta); Wells, 1994 (also as Linatella clandestina [after Abbott,
1950]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Linatella succincta [after Wells
et al., 1990]); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Island: CK2-08]
Abbott, 1950 (as Cymatium muricinum); Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium
muricinum); Wells, 1994
Tomlin, 1935 (as Bursa tuberculata [see Beu, 1998])
Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium aquatile); this study [Christmas Island:
CI3-D02; CI-D05;]
Abbott, 1950 (as Cymatium gemmatum); Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium
gemmatum); Wells, 1994 (as Septa gemmata); this study [Cocos (Keeling)
Islands: CK2-05]
This study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-05]
Gutturnium muricinum (Röding, 1798)
Gyrineum natator (Röding, 1798)
Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844)
+
+
+
+
Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844)
+
Monoplex mundus (Gould, 1849)
+
346
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Monoplex nicobaricus (Röding, 1798)
+
+
Smith, 1887 (as Triton chlorostoma [see Beu, 1998]); Tomlin, 1935 (as
Cymatium chlorostoma [after Smith, 1887]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cymatium
chlorostoma [see Beu, 1998]); Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium nicobaricum);
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cymatium nicobaricum); Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium
nicobaricum); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island:
CI-09-2011; CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-D01]
Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium pileare); Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium pileare
[after Maes, 1967])
Abbott, 1950 (as Cymatium vespaceum): Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium
vespaceum); Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium vespaceum [after Maes, 1967])
Abbott, 1950 (as Cymatium pyrum); Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium pyrum);
Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium pyrum)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cymatium hepaticum); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Cymatium hepaticum [after Wells et al., 1990])
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cymatium rubeculum); Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium
rubeculum); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cymatium rubeculum [after
Wells et al., 1990]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cymatium rubeculum);
this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-18]
Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Monoplex vespaceus (Lamarck, 1822)
+
Ranularia pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Septa hepatica (Röding, 1798)
+
Septa rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Family Vanikoridae
Vanikoro cancellata (Lamarck, 1822)
Vanikoro distans (Récluz, 1845)
Vanikoro helicoidea (Le Guillou, 1842)
+
+
Family Hipponicidae
Antisabia foliacea (Quoy & Gaimard,
1834)
Cheilea diaphana (Reeve, 1858)
+
+
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
+
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
+
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Mitrularia diaphana); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith,
1909, 1911; synonymy with Cheilea equestris suggested]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
this study [Christmas Island: CI-22-2011]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Amalthea australis); Tomlin, 1935 (as Amalthea
australis [after Smith, 1909, 1911]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Amalthea australis [after Tomlin, 1935]; this study [Christmas Island:
CI3-07]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-27-2011; CI-D13-2011;
CI3-14. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-17]
Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Cheilea hipponiciformis (Reeve, 1858)
Sabia australis (Lamarck, 1819)
+
Sabia conica (Schumacher, 1817)
+
Family Velutinidae
Coriocella tongana (Quoy & Gaimard,
1832)
Lamellaria sp.
+
+
+
+
+
+
Family Triviidae
†Dolichupis cf. producta (Gaskoin, 1836)
+
Eratoena sulcifera (Sowerby I, 1832)
+
Trivirostra hordacea (Kiener, 1843)
+
Trivirostra oryza (Lamarck, 1810)
+
Trivirostra pellucidula (Gaskoin, 1846)
+
Trivirostra scabriuscula (Gray, 1827)
+
Family Vermetidae
Dendropoma maximum (Sowerby, 1825)
+
+
Serpulorbis grandis (Gray, 1850)
+
+
Wells et al., 1990 (as Chelynotus tonganus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Chelynotus tonganus)
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Marrat, 1879 (as Trivia producta with uncertainty; specimen in bad
condition); Maes, 1967 (as Trivia (Dolichupis) producta [after Marrat,
1879]); Wells, 1994 (as Trivia producta [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Proerato [sic] sulcifera); Wells, 1994 (as Proterato
sulcifera [after Maes, 1967])
Marrat, 1879 (as Trivia insecta [see Cate, 1979]); Maes, 1967 (as Trivia
(Trivirostra) insecta [see Cate, 1979]); Wells, 1994 (as Trivia insecta
[after Maes, 1967])
Marrat, 1879 (as Trivia oryza); Maes, 1967 (as Trivia (Trivirostra) oryza);
Wells, 1994 (as Trivia oryza [after Maes, 1967])
Marrat, 1879 (as Trivia pellucidula); Maes, 1967 (as Trivia (Trivirostra)
pellucidula); Wells, 1994 (Trivia pellucidula [after Maes, 1967])
Marrat, 1879 (as Trivia scabriuscula)
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Dendropoma maxima); Coleman, 2006a,
2006b (as Dendropoma maxima)
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
347
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
Vermetidae sp.
Vermetidae sp.
+
Family Epitoniidae
Amaea martinii (Wood, 1828)
CK
Records/Remarks
+
Maes, 1967 (several unidentiied species determined only to family)
Wells et al., 1990 (probably several species present); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-23]
+
Opalia bicarinata (Sowerby II, 1844)
+
Maes, 1967 (as Epitonium martinii); Wells, 1994 (as Epitonium martinii
[after Maes, 1967])
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Epitonium billeeanum [but see A. Gittenberger
& E. Gittenberger, 2005; possibly Epidendrium aureum])
Page & Willan, 1988 (as Epitonium billeeanum [see A. Gittenberger &
E. Gittenberger, 2005]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D02]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Epitonium perplexa [see Kilburn, 1972]); Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Epitonium cf. perplexa [see Kilburn, 1972]); this
study [Christmas Island: CI-22-2011; CI-27-2011]
Maes, 1967 (as Epitonium “muricatum Risso” (of Kiener, 1838–39))
; Wells, 1994 (as Epitonium “muricatum Risso” (of Kiener, 1838–39)
[after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Epitonium cf. symmetrica); Wells, 1994 (as Epitonium
symmetrica [after Maes, 1967]); Weil et al., 1999 (as Epitonium
(Sodaliscala) symmetricum)
Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells et al., 1990
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967 (as this species with doubt); Wells, 1994 (as Nodiscala?
attenuata [after Maes, 1967])
ANSP (as Opalia (Nodiscala) bicarinata)
Family Janthinidae
Janthina exigua Lamarck, 1816
Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822
+
+
ANSP
Maes, 1967
Family Eulimidae
Balcis sp. “1”
+
Balcis sp. “2”
+
Balcis sp. “3”
+
Balcis sp. “4”
+
Echineulima mittrei (Petit de la Saussaye,
1851)
+
Maes, 1967 (four unidentiied species [may no longer be regarded as
belonging to this genus]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (four unidentiied species [may no longer be regarded as
belonging to this genus]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (four unidentiied species [may no longer be regarded as
belonging to this genus]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (four unidentiied species [may no longer be regarded as
belonging to this genus]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Abbott, 1950 (as ?Stylifer dubius [see Warén, 1980]); Maes, 1967 (as
?Stilifer dubia [after Abbott, 1950]); Wells, 1994 (as ?Stilifer dubia
[after Abbott, 1950])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Balcis vitrea [see Warén, 1983b]); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Balcis vitrea [after Tomlin, 1935])
Maes, 1967 (as Balcis cumingi); Wells, 1994 (as Balcis cumingi)
Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island)
Warén, 1983a
Maes, 1967 (as Pyramidelloides cf. miranda); Wells, 1994 (as
Pyramidelloides cf. miranda [after Maes, 1967]); Warén, 1983a
Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island)
Wells, 1994 (not identiied to genus or species)
†Epidendrium billeeanum (DuShane &
Bratcher, 1965)
Epidendrium aureum A. Gittenberger & E.
Gittenberger, 2005
Epitonium alata (Sowerby II, 1844)
Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822)
+
+
+
+
+
Epitonium muricatum (Risso, 1826)
+
Epitonium symmetricum (Pease, 1867)
+
Epitonium sp. “1”
Epitonium sp. “2”
Epitonium sp. “3”
Epitonium sp.
Epitonium sp.
Nodiscala cf. attenuata (Pease, 1860)
+
+
+
Melanella acicula (Gould, 1849)
Melanella cumingii (A. Adams, 1851)
Palisadia subulata Laseron, 1956
Pyramidelloides angusta (Hedley, 1898)
Pyramidelloides miranda (A. Adams,
1861)
Pyramidelloides viticula Laseron, 1956
Eulimidae sp.
Family Aclididae
Cyclonidea labiata (A. Adams, 1860)
Family Triphoridae
Cautotriphora alveolata (A. Adams &
Reeve, 1850)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Laseron, 1956b (as Cyclonidea carina [see Mimoto & Nakao, 2013]; type
locality: Christmas Island); Mimoto & Nakao, 2013 (as Cyclonidea labiata)
+
+
Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Notosinister) alveolata); Wells, 1994 (as
Triphora alveolata [after Maes, 1967])
348
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Euthymella concors (Hinds, 1843)
+
Euthymella regalis (Jousseaume, 1884)
Inella verrucosa (A. Adams & Reeve,
1850)
Iniforis ordinata Laseron, 1958
+
+
+
Iniforis progressa (Laseron, 1958)
+
Iniforis tuberia Laseron, 1958
+
Iniforis violacea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
+
Liniphora restis Laseron, 1958
+
Mastonia anomala Laseron, 1958
+
Mastonia rubra (Hinds, 1843)
+
Mastoniaeforis decorata (Laseron, 1958)
+
Mastoniaeforis insulana (Laseron, 1958)
+
Mastoniaeforis projecta (Laseron, 1958)
Mastoniaeforis radix (Laseron, 1958)
+
+
Mesophora rufosutura (Laseron, 1958)
Mesophora ustulata (Hervier, 1897)
+
Nanaphora minuta Laseron, 1958
+
Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Triphora) concors); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora
concors [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Euthymella) regalis)
Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Inella) verrucosa); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora
verrucosa [after Maes, 1967]); Chang & Wu, 2005 [after Maes, 1967]
Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Laseron, 1958]
Laseron, 1958 (as Coriophora progressa; type locality: Christmas
Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Coriophora progressa [after
Laseron, 1958])
Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Iniforis tuberia [after Laseron, 1958])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Triphora violacea); Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Iniforis)
violacea); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora violacea [after Maes, 1967]); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Iniforis violaceus [after Tomlin, 1935])
Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Laseron, 1958])
Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Laseron, 1958])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Triphora rubra); Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Mastonia)
rubra); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora rubra [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Chang & Wu, 2005 [after Maes, 1967]
Laseron, 1958 (as Epiforis decorata; type locality: Christmas Island);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Epiforis decorata [after Laseron, 1958])
Laseron, 1958 (as Contraforis insulana; type locality: Christmas Island);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Contraforis insulana [after Laseron, 1958])
ANSP [Laseron (1958: 615) does not list this from CI]
Laseron, 1958 (as Epiforis radix; type locality: Christmas Island); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Epiforis radix [after Laseron, 1958])
ANSP (as Triphora rufosutura)
Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Mastonia) ustulata); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora
ustulata [after Maes, 1967])
Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Laseron, 1958])
Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Nanaphora) sp.); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora
sp. [after Maes, 1967])
Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Kosuge, 1963 (as
Notosinister coralinus [Kosuge’s (1963) record from Japan means that this
species is not endemic]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Laseron, 1958])
Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Laseron, 1958])
Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Laseron, 1958])
Marshall, 1983; ANSP
Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Laseron, 1958])
Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Kay, 1979 [after Smith, 1909; Tomlin,
1935]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Mastonia triticea [after Tomlin,
1935] and Rissoina tritica [sic] [after Tomlin, 1935]); Chang & Wu,
2005 (as Mastonia triticea)
Maes, 1967; Ladd, 1972; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
ANSP
Ladd, 1972; Chang & Wu, 2005
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Chang & Wu, 2005 (as
Viriola interilatus [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Laseron, 1958])
+
Opimaphora coralina Laseron, 1958
+
Subulophora indianica Laseron, 1958
+
Subulophora marginata Laseron, 1958
+
Subulophora rutilans (Hervier, 1897)
Subulophora virgina Laseron, 1958
+
+
Triphora triticea Pease, 1961
+
cancellata (Hinds, 1843)
corrugata (Hinds, 1843)
incisa (Pease, 1861)
interilata (Gould, 1861)
Viriola intergranosa (Hervier, 1897)
Viriola oceanica Laseron, 1958
Family Cerithiopsidae
Cerithiopsis cf. catenaria Melvill &
Standen, 1896
+
+
Nanaphora sp.
Viriola
Viriola
Viriola
Viriola
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Tomlin, 1935 (attributed to this species with doubt); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Cerithiopsis catenaria [after Tomlin, 1935])
349
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
Cerithiopsis sp. “1”
Cerithiopsis sp. “2”
Horologica macrocephala Laseron, 1956
Joculator sp.
Potenatomus secundus Laseron, 1956
Spicula sp.
CI
CK
+
+
+
+
+
+
Family Buccinidae
Caducifer truncatus (Hinds, 1844)
+
Clivipollia fragaria (Wood, 1828)
+
+
Clivipollia cf. fragaria (Wood, 1828)
Clivipollia pulchra (Reeve, 1846)
+
+
+
Engina alveolata (Kiener, 1836)
Engina farinosa (Gould, 1850)
+
+
Engina lauta (Reeve, 1846)
Engina lineata (Reeve, 1846)
+
+
+
Engina mendicaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Engina phasinola (Duclos, 1840)
Engina zonalis (Lamarck, 1822)
+
+
+
Nassaria pusilla (Röding, 1798)
Pisania fasciculata (Reeve, 1846)
+
+
+
+
Pisania ignea (Gmelin, 1791)
Pisania luctuosa (Tapparone-Canefri, 1880)
Pollia fumosa (Dillwyn, 1817)
+
Pollia incarnata (Deshayes, 1830)
+
+
Pollia undosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Prodotia iostoma (Gray, 1834)
+
+
+
+
Records/Remarks
Maes, 1967 (two species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (two species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Laseron, 1956a
Maes, 1967 (as Cerithiopsis (Joculator) sp.)
Laseron, 1956a (type locality: Christmas Island)
Maes, 1967 (as Cerithiopsis (Spicula) sp.)
Maes, 1967 (as Pisania (Caducifer) truncata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells,
1994 (as Pisania truncata [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Pisania truncata [after Wells et al., 1990])
Abbott, 1950 (as Peristernia fragaria); Maes, 1967 (as Peristernia
fragaria); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cantharus fragaria); Wells, 1994 (as
Peristernia fragaria [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cantharus fragum [after Wood et al., 1990])
Wells, 1994 (as Cantharus cf. fragaria)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cantharus pulcher [sic]); Wells, 1994 (as Cantharus
pulcher [sic]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cantharus pulcher [sic]
after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-12]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-17]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cantharus farinosus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Cantharus farinosus [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas
Island: CI-D03-2011; CI-D17-2011; CI-D17-2011; CI3-D01]
Maes, 1967; Wells [after Maes, 1967]
Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994;
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011;
CI-17-2011; CI-27-2011; CI3-15; CI3-23;]
Smith, 1887 (as Columbella (Pusiostoma) mendicaria), 1900a, 1911);
Smith, 1891 (as Engina (Pusiostoma) mendicaria); Tomlin, 1935; Wells et
al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas
Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-13; CI3-15; CI3-16;
CI3-23; CI3-25]
This study [Christmas Island: CI3-17; CI3-23]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Engina melanozona [see Wilson, 1994]); Maes, 1967
(as Engina melanozona [see Wilson, 1994]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells,
1994 (also as Engina melanozona [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011;
CI3-23; CI3-25]
Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Tomlin, 1935 (as Pisania crenilabrum [see Wilson, 1994]); Maes, 1967;
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
ANSP (as Pisania (Pisania) luctuosa)
Abbott, 1950 (as Cantharus (Pollia) fumosus); Maes, 1967 (as Cantharus
fumosus); Wells, 1994 (as Cantharus fumosus)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Engina incarnata); Wells, 1994 (as Engina
incarnata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Engina incarnata [after
Wells et al., 1990])
Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911 (as Tritonidea undosa); Tomlin, 1935; Abbott,
1950 (as Cantharus (Pollia) undosus); Maes, 1967 (as Cantharus undosus);
Wells et al., 1990 (as Cantharus undosus); Wells, 1994 (as Cantharus
undosus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cantharus undosus); this study
[Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; (2 juv.)CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-14;
CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-25]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Pollia marmorata and Pollia gracilis [see Wells et al.,
1990]); Maes, 1967 (as Pollia marmorata [see Wilson, 1994]); Wells et
al., 1990 (as Cantharus iostomus); Wells, 1994 (as Cantharus iostomus,
also as Pisania marmorata [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Cantharus iostomus)
350
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Family Colubrariidae
Colubraria ceylonensis (Sowerby I, 1833)
Colubraria muricata (Lightfoot, 1786)
+
+
+
+
Colubraria nitidula (Sowerby I, 1833)
Colubraria tortuosa (Reeve, 1844)
Colubraria sp.
+
+
+
+
Tomlin, 1935; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-13]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells
et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D01]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Family Columbellidae
†Aesopus clausiliformis (Kiener, 1834)
+
Aesopus cumingii (Reeve, 1859)
+
+
Euplica turturina (Lamarck, 1822)
+
+
Euplica varians (Sowerby I, 1832)
+
+
Metanachis marquesa (Gaskoin, 1851)
+
Mitrella albina (Kiener, 1841)
Mitrella cf. loyaltyensis (Hervier, 1899)
Pardalinops testudinaria (Link, 1807)
Pyrene obtusa (Sowerby I, 1832)
+
+
+
+
Pyrene punctata (Bruguière, 1789)
Pyrene sp.
Seminella peasei (Martens & Langkavel,
1871)
Zafra hervieri (Pace, 1902)
+
+
+
+
+
Zafra troglodytes (Souverbie in Souverbie
& Montrouzier, 1866)
Zafra sp.
+
Family Fasciolariidae
Dolicholatirus lancea (Gmelin, 1791)
Latirolagena smaragdula (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Latirus barclayi (Reeve, 1847)
Latirus nodatus (Gmelin, 1791)
+
Latirus polygonus (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
+
Latirus sp.
Peristernia nassatula (Lamarck, 1822)
+
Peristernia venusta Smith, 1911
+
Peristernia ustulata (Reeve, 1847)
+
+
+
+
Wells et al., 1990 (as Aesopus spiculum [a synonym that has also been
confused with Aesopus cumingii (see Monsecour & Monsecour, 2007);
igure in Wells et al., (1990: 46, ig. 160) clearly shows Aesopus cumingii]);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Aesopus spiculum)
Tomlin, 1935 (as Pyrene cumingii); Maes, 1967 (as Aesopus cumingi):
Wells, 1994 (as Aesopus cumingi [after Maes, 1967]); this study [Christmas
Island: CI-D05; CI-D18-2011; CI3-17]
Abbott, 1950 (as Columbella turturina); Maes, 1967 (as Columbella
turturina): Wells et al., 1990 (as Pyrene turturina); Wells, 1994 (as
Pyrene turturina); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Pyrene turturina
[after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-03;
CK2-08; CK2-18; CK2-18]
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Columbella varians, var.); Tomlin, 1935 (as Pyrene
varians [after Smith, 1909, 1911); Maes, 1967 (as Columbella varians);
Sleurs, 1985 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells et al., 1990 (as Pyrene varians);
Wells, 1994 (as Pyrene varians); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Pyrene
varians); this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-25]
Maes, 1967 (as ‘Pyrene’ marquesa); Wells, 1994 (as Mitrella marquesa
[after Maes, 1967])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
This study [Christmas Island: CI3-17]
This study [Christmas Island: CI3-15]
Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994;
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; this study [Christmas
Island: CI3-D05. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-05; CK2-13; CK2-18]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967
Tomlin, 1935 (as Seminella nanisca [see Sleurs, 1987]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Seminella nanisca [see Sleurs, 1987] [after Tomlin, 1935])
Tomlin, 1935 (identiied with uncertainty as Seminella hervieri); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Seminella hervieri [after Tomlin, 1935])
Maes, 1967 (as Zafra sinensis [see Sleurs, 1987]); Wells, 1994 (as Zafra
sinensis [after Maes, 1967])
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Leucozonia smaragdula); Tomlin, 1935 (as
Leucozonia smaragdula); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011]
Abbott, 1950 (as Latirus polygonus barclayi)
Smith, 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990;
Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Abbott, 1950 (as Latirus polygonus polygonus); Maes, 1967; Wells,
1994; Wilson, 1994
Wells, 1994
Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et
al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this
study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-D03-2011; CI-D05-2011; CID08-2011; CI-D19-2011; CI3-D01. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-12]
Smith, 1911 (type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); Tomlin,
1935 ; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D06-2011; CI3-D04; CI3-D05]
Wells, 1994
351
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
Peristernia sp. “1”
Peristernia sp. “2”
Turrilatirus craticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Turrilatirus turritus (Gmelin, 1791)
+
Family Nassariidae
Nassarius arcularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Nassarius concinnus (Powys, 1835)
+
Nassarius exulatus (Smith, 1911)
+
+
+
Maes, 1967 (two undetermined species)
Maes, 1967 (two undetermined species)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Latirus craticulatus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Latirus craticulatus [after Wells et al., 1990])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Latirus turritus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Latirus turritus);
Wells, 1994 (as Latirus turritus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Latirus
turritus)
+
+
+
Nassarius margaritifer (Dunker, 1847)
+
+
Nassarius oneratus (Deshayes, 1863)
Nassarius papillosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Nassarius pauperus (Gould, 1850)
+
Nassarius reeveanus (Dunker, 1847)
+
Nassarius splendidulus (Dunker, 1846)
†“Nassa” lucida Marrat, 1874
+
Family Muricidae
Aspella anceps (Lamarck, 1822)
Aspella producta (Pease, 1861)
Chicoreus microphyllus (Lamarck, 1816)
Records/Remarks
+
Nassarius gaudiosus (Hinds, 1844)
Nassarius graniferus (Kiener, 1834)
CK
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Chicoreus brunneus (Link, 1807)
Chicoreus ramosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Chicoreus saulii (Sowerby II, 1841)
+
+
Chicoreus torrefactus (Sowerby II, 1841)
Coralliophila erosa (Röding, 1798)
+
+
+
+
ANSP (as Nassarius (Nassarius) arcularia arcularia)
Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; this study
[Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011; CI-D12-2011; CI-D13-2011]
Smith, 1911 (as Nassa exulata; type locality: off Margaret Beaches,
Christmas Island) [unique type specimen is regarded by Tomlin, 1935,
to be a worn and faded marrati (= reeveanus); but see discussion in
Cernohorsky, 1984]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling)
Islands: CK2-05; CK2-21]
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Nassa granifera); Abbott, 1950;
Maes, 1967; Ladd, 1977 (as Nassarius (Arcularis) graniferus); Wells et
al., 1990 (as Nassarius granifer [sic]); Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Nassarius granifer [sic] [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study
[Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08; CK2-12]
Wells, 1994 (as Nassarius margaritiferus); this study [Cocos (Keeling)
Islands: CK2-01; CK2-02]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994
Smith, 1909 (as Nassa papillosa), 1911 (as Nassa papillosa); Tomlin,
1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al.,
1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas
Island: CI-D05-2011; CI-D10-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK17]
Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990 (as Nassarius pauperus); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study
Tomlin, 1935 (as Nassarius marratii [see Cernohorsky, 1984]); Wells
et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this
study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011; CI3-07; CI3-13; CI3-14; CI3-14;
CI3-15; CI3-16; CI3-23]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Marrat, 1874; Tomlin, 1940; Cernohorsky, 1984 [Marrat (1874: 70)
described Nassa lucida (non Gould, 1850) from “Keelings Island”. The
types are lost and it is considered a nomen dubium (see Tomlin, 1940;
Cernohorsky, 1984)]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Murex (Chicoreus) microphyllus); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Abbott, 1950 (as Murex (Chicoreus) ramosus); Maes, 1967 (as Murex
(Chicoreus) ramosus); Wells, 1994 [after Abbott, 1950]
Maes, 1967 (as Murex (Chicoreus) torrefactus [see Wells, 1994]); Wells
et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994 (as Chicoreus palmarosae [the
igure of Wilson (1990: pl. 3, ig. 3a, b) clearly shows a Chicoreus
saulii); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study
[Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011; CI-D08-2011; CI-D16-2011; CI-D182011; CI3-D02]
Abbott, 1950 (as Murex (Chicoreus) torrefactus)
Abbott, 1950; Maes 1967 (as Coralliophila deformis [see Oliverio,
2009]); Wells, 1994 (also as Coralliophila deformis [after Maes, 1967]);
this study [Christmas Island: CI3-15; CI3-D01]
352
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Coralliophila monodonta (Blainville, 1832)
+
+
Coralliophila robillardi (Liénard, 1870)
Coralliophila violacea (Kiener, 1836)
+
+
+
Cytharomorula eximius (Reeve, 1844)
+
Drupa albolabris (Blainville, 1832)
+
+
Drupa clathrata miticula (Lamarck, 1822)
+
+
Drupa morum Röding, 1798
+
+
Drupa ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Drupa rubusidaeus Röding, 1798
+
+
Drupella cornus (Röding, 1798)
+
+
Maes, 1967 (as Quoyula madreporarum [see Oliverio, 2009]); Wells et al.,
1990 (as Quoyula madreporarum [see Oliverio, 2009]); Wells, 1994 (as
Quoyula madreporarum [see Oliverio, 2009]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Quoyula madreporarum [see Oliverio, 2009]); this study [Christmas
Island: CI-D18-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-07; CK2-12]
Wells, 1994
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Coralliophila neritoides [a junior homonym of
Murex neritoideus Linnaeus, 1767; see also Oliverio, 2009]); Tomlin,
1935; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D14-2011; CI3-D01; CI3-D01.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-03; CK2-08]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Caducifer eximius [present taxonomic status uncertain;
attributed to Cytharamorula (sic) by Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986, but
the shell igured and the description provided do not seem to match the
original description]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Caducifer eximius
[after Tomlin, 1935])
Smith, 1887 (as Sistrum ricinus var. albolabris [see Claremont et al.,
2012]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1887]; this study [Christmas Island:
CI-03-2011; CI-04-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-13; CI3-14; CI3-25. Cocos
(Keeling) Islands: CK2-17; CK2-17]
Smith, 1911 (as Drupa clathrata [see Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973]);
Tomlin, 1935 (as Drupa rubus-idaeus [after Smith, 1911]); Maes, 1967
(as Drupa clathrata); Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973; Wells et al., 1990
(as Drupa clathrata); Wells, 1994 (as Drupa clathrata [after Maes,
1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa clathrata [after Wells et
al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D17-2011]
Smith, 1911 (as Drupa horrida [see Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973]);
Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1911]; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Emerson
& Cernohorsky, 1973; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-13-2011;
CI-17-2011; CI3-07; CI3-23]
Smith, 1900a (as Sitrum ricinus); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a];
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973 (as Drupa
ricinus ricinus [see Claremont et al., 2012]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells,
1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-092011; CI-27-2011; CI3-07; CI3-15; CI3-23]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Drupa rubusidaea); Emerson &
Cernohorsky, 1973 (as Drupa (Ricinella) rubusidaeus); Wells et al., 1990
(as Drupa rubusidaea); Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Drupa rubusidaea); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D06-2011. Cocos
(Keeling) Islands: CK2-08]
Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Drupella) cornus); Wells et al., 1990; Wells,
1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa cornus); this study [Cocos
(Keeling) Islands: CK19]
Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) fusconigra [synonym of Semiricinula
squamosa (Pease, 1868)?]); Wells, 1994 (as Morula fusconigra [after
Maes, 1994])
Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Drupina) grossularia); Emerson & Cernohorsky,
1973 (as Drupa (Drupina) grossularia); Taylor, 1983 (as Drupa
grossularis); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Drupa grossularia [after
Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa glossularia)
Tomlin, 1935 [as Abbott, 1950 (as Drupa (Drupina) grossularia lobata
[supposedly after Tomlin, 1935, but not record found]); Maes, 1967 (as
Drupa (Drupina) lobata); Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973 (as Drupa
(Drupina) lobata) [supposedly after Tomlin, 1935, but no record found];
Wells, 1994 (as Drupa lobata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa
lobata)
Wells, 1994 (as Morula margariticola); this study [Christmas Island:
CI3-15. Cocos (Keeling) Island: CK2-21]
Wells, 1994 (as Cronia crassulnata); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
CK2-05]
Tomlin, 1935 (identified with doubt as Drupa martensi Dall [non
Schepman, 1892; = Ergalatax junionae?; see Houart, 1996, 2008])
Drupella fusconigra (Dunker, 1871)
+
Drupina grossularia (Röding, 1798)
+
+
Drupina lobata (Blainville, 1832)
+
+
Drupella margariticola (Broderip in
Broderip & Sowerby, 1833)
Drupella crassulnata (Hedley, 1915)
+
+
†Ergalatax martensi (Dall, 1923)
+
+
353
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Favartia cf. cyclostoma (Sowerby, 1841)
Favartia sykesi (Preston, 1904)
+
+
+
Maculotriton digitale (Reeve, 1844)
+
+
Maculotriton serriale (Deshayes, 1834)
+
+
+
+
+
+
Magilus antiquus (Monfort, 1810)
Morula anaxares (Kiener, 1836)
Morula andrewsi (Smith, 1909)
Morula biconica (Blainville, 1832)
Morula cernohorskyi Houart & Tröndlé,
1997
+
+
Morula granulata (Duclos, 1832)
+
+
Morula nodicostata (Pease, 1868)
+
+
Morula nodulifera (Menke, 1829)
+
Morula porphyrostoma (Reeve, 1846)
+
Morula purpureocincta (Preston, 1909)
Morula spinosa (H. Adams & A. Adams,
1853)
Morula uva (Röding, 1798)
+
+
+
Muricodrupa fenestrata (Blainville, 1832)
+
+
Muricodrupa iscella (Gmelin,1791)
Naquetia triqueter (Born, 1778)
+
+
+
Nassa serta (Bruguière, 1789)
+
+
Orania archaea Houart, 1995
Orania taeniata Houart, 1995
Pascula ochrostoma (Blainville, 1832)
+
+
Phrygiomurex sculptilis (Reeve, 1844)
+
+
+
Records/Remarks
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990];
this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-18]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Maculotriton digitalis); Maes, 1967 (as Maculotriton
digitalis); Wells, 1994 (as Maculotriton digitalis); this study [Christmas
Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-23]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Maculotriton bracteatus [see Wilson, 1994]); Maes,
1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this
study [Christmas Island: CI-22-2011; CI-27-2011; CI3-23. Cocos (Keeling)
Islands: CK19; CK2-21]
Ladd, 1977
Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) anaxeres); Wells, 1994
Smith, 1909 (as Sistrum andrewsi; type locality: Christmas Island), 1911
(as Drupa andrewsi); Tomlin, 1935 (as Drupa andrewsi [after Smith,
1909, 1911); Wells et al., 1990 (as Morula coronata [see Houart, 2004]);
Houart, 1994 (as Habromorula andrewsi); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Morula coronota [after Wells et al., 1990]); Houart, 2004 (as Morula
(Habromorula) andrewsi); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-15; CI3-D01;
CI3-D05. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-13]
Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) biconica); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1994]
Maes, 1967 (as Engina parva Pease, 1867 [non Reeve, 1845; see
Houart & Tröndlé, 2008]); Wells, 1994 (as Engina parva [see Houart
& Tröndlé, 2008])
Abbott, 1950 (as Drupa (Morula) granulata); Maes, 1967 (as Drupa
(Morula) granulata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-17-2011;
CI-27-2011; CI3-13; CI3-23; CI3-25]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Engina nodicostata); Maes, 1967 (Drupa (Morula)
nodicostata); Cernohorsky, 1987 (as Morula parvissima); Wells et al.,
1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa nodicostata
and Engina nodicostata [after Tomlin, 1935]); this study [Christmas
Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-14; CI3-17]
Maes, 1967 (identiied with doubt as Drupa (Drupella) chaidea [see
Houart, 2004]); Wells, 1994 (as Drupella chaidea [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (?Morula) pophyrostoma [sic] with some doubt);
Wells, 1994 (as Drupa pophyrostoma [sic])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Engina purpureocincta); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(Engina purpureocincta [after Tomlin, 1935])
Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Smith, 1900a, 1909 (as Sistrum morus), 1911 (as Drupa morus [see
Wilson, 1994]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Drupa uva [after Smith, 1900a, 1909,
1911); Abbott, 1950 (as Drupa (Morula) uva); Maes, 1967 (as Drupa
(Morula) uva); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-D032011; CI3-13; CI3-14; CI3-15]
Abbott, 1950 (as Drupa (Cronia) fenestrata); Maes, 1967 (as Drupa
(Morula) cariosa [see Houart, 2004]); Wilson, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) iscella); Wells, 1994 (as Morula iscella)
Tomlin, 1935 (as Murex (Naquetia) triqueter); Wells et al., 1990 (as
Naquetia triquetra [sic]); Wells, 1994 (as Naquetia triquetra [sic]);
Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Naquetia triquetra [sic])
Smith, 1900a; Tomlin, 1935 (as Nassa sertum); Abbott, 1950 (as Nassa
francolinus [see Maes, 1967]); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994
[after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 2000]
Houart, 1995; Houart & Tröndlé, 2008
Houart, 1995 (type locality: Indian Ocean); Houart & Tröndlé, 2008
Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Drupella) ochrostoma); Wells, 1994 (as Drupella
ochrostoma [after Maes, 1967]); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
CK2-08]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Caducifer sculptilis); Maes, 1967 (as Maculotriton
sculptilis); Wells, 1994 (as Maculotriton sculptilis [after Maes, 1967]);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Caducifer sculptilis [after Tomlin, 1935])
354
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Phyllocoma convoluta (Broderip, 1833)
+
Pterynotus martinetanus (Röding, 1798)
+
Pterynotus tripterus (Born, 1778)
Purpura persica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rapa rapa (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
+
Reishia armigera (Link, 1807)
+
+
Semiricinula marginatra (Blainville, 1832)
CK
+
Thais intermedia (Kiener, 1835)
+
Thais virgata (Dillwyn, 1817)
+
Muricidae sp.
+
+
Family Costellariidae
Thala violacea Garrett, 1872
+
Vexillum aureolatum (Reeve, 1844)
+
+
Vexillum cadaverosum (Reeve, 1844)
Vexillum cancellarioides (Anton, 1838)
+
+
+
+
Vexillum
Vexillum
Vexillum
Vexillum
catenatum (Broderip, 1836)
consanguineum (Reeve, 1845)
cf. corallina (Reeve, 1845)
crocatum (Lamarck, 1811)
+
+
Vexillum
Vexillum
Vexillum
Vexillum
Vexillum
Vexillum
Vexillum
millecostatum (Broderip, 1836)
moelleri (Küster, 1840)
modestum (Reeve, 1845)
mutabile (Reeve, 1845)
paciicum (Reeve, 1845)
pardalis (Küster, 1840)
patriarchale (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
+
Vexillum speciosum (Reeve, 1844)
+
+
+
+
+
+
Vexillum turrigerum (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum unifasciale (Lamarck, 1811)
Vexillum zelotypum (Reeve, 1845)
Vexillum sp.
Zierliana oleacea (Reeve, 1844)
Zierliana woldemarii (Kiener, 1838)
Zierliana ziervogelii (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Records/Remarks
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990];
this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D01]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Marchia martinetana); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Marchia martinenata [after Wells et al., 1990])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-13]
Smith, 1911 (as Thais armigera); Tomlin, 1935 (as Thais armigera);
Abbott, 1950 (as Thais (Mancinella) armigera); Maes, 1967 (as Thais
armigera); Wells et al., 1990 (as Thais armigera); Wells, 1994 (as Thais
armigera); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Thais armigera); this study
[Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-07]
Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) marginatra); Wells, 1994 (as Morula
marginatra [after Maes, 1967])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990];
this study [Christmas Island: CI-04-2011; CI3-15; CI3-25]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Thais pseudohippocastaneum [see Middelfart, 1997]);
Maes, 1967 (as Thais (Mancinella) hippocastanum [see Middelfart, 1997;
also a suppressed name in Opinion 911 (ICZN, 1970)]); Wells, 1994
(as Thais aculeata [see Middelfart, 1997], also as Thais hippocastanum
[after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Thais aculeata [see
Middlefart, 1997])
Maes, 1967 (2 unidentiied lots of small muricids)
Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Thala) brevicula [see Salisbury, 1999]); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Vexillum brevicula [after Tomlin, 1935] [see
Tomlin, 1935])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Callithes) aureolata); Maes, 1967 (as Pusia
aureolata); Wells, 1994 (as Pusia areolata [sic; after Maes, 1967]); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Vexillum aureolata [sic] [after Tomlin, 1935])
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Pusia) nodosa [see Cernohorsky, 1967]); Maes,
1967 (as Pusia cancellarioides); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (also as
Pusia cancellarioides [after Maes, 1967]); Wilson, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells, 1994
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells
et al., 1990]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells, 1994
Wells et al., 1990 (as Vexillum patriarchalis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Vexillum patriarchalis [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells
et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967 (as Vexillum armigera [see Salisbury, 1999]); Wells, 1994
(as Vexillum armigera [after Maes, 1967])
Wells et al., 1990 (as Vexillum unifascialis); Wells, 1994 (as Vexillum
unifascialis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Vexillum unifascialis)
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967
Wells, 1994 (as Mitra oleacea)
This study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011]
This study [Christmas island: CI3-13]
355
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Family Harpidae
Harpa amouretta Röding, 1798
+
+
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Family Marginellidae
Pugnus sp.
Volvarina hirasei (Bavay, 1917)
+
+
Maes, 1967
Tomlin, 1935 (as Marginella hirasei); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Marginella hirasei [after Tomlin, 1935])
Maes, 1967 (as Marginella (Hyalina) micans)
Volvarina micans (Petit de la Saussaye,
1851)
Volvarina nevilli (Jousseaume, 1875)
+
Family Mitridae
Domiporta carnicolor (Reeve, 1844)
Domiporta ilaris (Linnaeus, 1771)
+
Domiporta granatina (Lamarck, 1811)
+
Maes, 1967 (as Marginella nevilli); Wells, 1994 (as Marginella neville
[sic])
+
Wells, 1994 (as Cancilla carnicolor); Wilson, 1994 (as Cancilla
carnicolor)
Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Cancilla) ilaris); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cancilla
ilaris); Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells, 1994 (as Cancilla ilaris [after Maes,
1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cancilla ilaris [after Wells et
al., 1990])
Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Scabricola) granatina); Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells,
1994 (as Scabricola granatina [after Maes, 1967])
Wells et al., 1990 (as Scabricola bicolor); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Scabricola bicolor [after Wells et al., 1990])
Maes, 1967 (as Imbricaria virgo [see Cernohorsky, 1991]); Wells et al.,
1990; Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells, 1994 (also as Imbricaria virgo [after
Maes, 1967]); Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et
al., 1990]; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-13]
Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Swainsonia) olivaeformis); Wells et al., 1990;
Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after
Wells et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967; Rehder, 1980; Wells et al., 1990; Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells,
1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990];
this study [Christmas Island: CI3-16; CI3-23]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
+
+
Imbricaria bicolor (Swainson, 1824)
+
Imbricaria conovula (Quoy & Gaimard,
1833)
+
+
Imbricaria olivaeformis (Swainson, 1821)
+
+
Imbricaria punctata (Swainson, 1821)
+
+
Imbricaria vanikorensis (Quoy & Gaimard,
1833)
Mitra acuminata Swainson, 1824
+
+
Mitra ambigua Swainson, 1829
Mitra coffea Schubert & Wagner, 1829
+
+
Mitra colombelliformis Kiener, 1838
+
Mitra contracta Swainson, 1820
+
Mitra coronata Lamarck, 1811
+
Mitra decurtata Reeve, 1844
+
Mitra edentula Swainson, 1823
+
Mitra eremitarum Röding, 1798
Mitra fastigium Reeve, 1845
Mitra fraga Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
+
+
+
+
+
+
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells
et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Chrysame) ambigua); Cernohorsky, 1976 [after
Maes, 1967]; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Smith, 1911 (as Mitra fulva [see Cernohorsky, 1976]); Tomlin, 1935 (as
Mitra (Chrysame) fulva [after Smith, 1911]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Abbott, 1950 (as Mitra columbelliformis [sic]); Cernohorsky, 1976; Wells,
1994 (as Mitra columbelliformis [sic])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
[after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D18-2011]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Chrysame) tiarella [see Cernohorsky, 1976]);
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Strigatella) colombelliformis [see Cernohorsky,
1976]); Cernohorsky, 1976; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson,
1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-032011; CI3-07; CI3-13; CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-16; CI3-25. Cocos (Keeling)
Islands: CK2-17]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Dibaphus) edentula); Wells et al., 1990; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Chrysame) eremitarum); Cernohorsky, 1976 [after
Maes, 1967]; Wells, 1994
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Chrysame) fraga); Cernohorsky, 1976; Ladd, 1977
(as Mitra (Nebularia) fraga); Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling)
Islands: CK2-21]
356
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Mitra imperialis Röding, 1798
Mitra incompta (Lightfoot, 1786)
Mitra litterata Lamarck, 1811
+
+
Mitra mitra (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Mitra paupercula (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Mitra cf. pellisserpentis Reeve, 1844
Mitra retusa Lamarck, 1822
+
+
Mitra rosacea Reeve, 1845
Mitra scabricula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mitra ticaonica Reeve, 1844
Mitra tuberosa Reeve, 1845
Mitra turgida Reeve, 1845
Mitra ustulata Reeve, 1844
Mitra sp. (juv.)
Neocancilla papilio (Link, 1807)
Pterygia nucea (Gmelin, 1791)
Pterygia scabricula (Linnaeus, 1767)
Scabricola eximia (A. Adams, 1853)
Scabricola issurata (Lamarck, 1811)
Records/Remarks
+
Maes, 1967; Cernohorsky, 1976 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells, 1994 [after
Maes, 1967]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Mitra literata [sic]); Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967
(as Mitra (Strigatella) litterata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island:
CI3-14; CI3-17; CI3-25. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2]
Abbott, 1950 (as Mitra episcopalis [suppressed name in Opinion 885
(ICZN, 1969)]); Maes, 1967; Cernohorsky, 1976; Wells, 1994 [after
Maes, 1967]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Mitra papilis [sic]
[after Wells et al., 1990]
Smith, 1900a (as Mitra paupercula var.), 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott,
1950; Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Strigatella) paupercula); Cernohorsky,
1976; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; this
study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-13]
This study [Christmas Island: CI3-17]
Smith, 1887 (as Mitra virgata [see Cernohorsky, 1976; also Tomlin,
1935]), 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1887]; Cernohorsky, 1976
[after Smith, 1909]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after
Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-25]
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Scabricola) scabricula); Wells, 1994 (as Scabricola
scabricula [after Maes, 1967])
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967; Cernohorsky, 1976; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-13]
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Pusia tuberosa); Wells, 1994 (as Vexillum tuberosa)
Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Chrysame) turgida); Maes, 1967 (as Mitra
(Chrysame) turgida); Cernohorsky, 1976 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells et
al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Smith, 1909, 1911
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
ANSP
Cernohorsky, 1991
ANSP (as Scabricola (Scabricola) eximia)
Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Swainsonia) issurata); Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells,
1994; Wilson, 1994;
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Cancilla) annulata); Cernohorsky, 1991 (as “Ziba”
annulata); Wells, 1994 (as Subcancilla annulata)
+
+
Mitra multiplicata (Pease, 1865)
Mitra papalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mitra scutulata (Gmelin, 1791)
Mitra stictica (Link, 1807)
CK
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Scabricola fusca (Swainson, 1824)
Ziba annulata (Reeve, 1844)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Family Turbinellidae
Vasum ceramicum (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
Vasum turbinellus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Family Olividae
Oliva annulata Gmelin, 1791
+
+
Oliva caerulea (Röding, 1798)
+
+
Oliva carneola (Gmelin, 1791)
Oliva nitidula Duclos, 1835
+
+
Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study
[Christmas Island: CI-D07-2011]
Abbott, 1950 (as Vasum turbinellum); Maes, 1967; Barash & Danin, 1986
[after Abbott, 1950]; Wells et al., 1990 (as Vasum turbinellum); Wells,
1994 (as Vasum turbinellum); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Vasum
turbinellum); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08; CK2-12]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D08-2011]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Oliva episcopalis [see Sterba, 2003]); Wells
et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (also as Oliva episcopalis [after Maes, 1967]);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Tomlin, 1935 (as Oliva paxillus [see Sterba, 2003]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Oliva paxillus [see Sterba, 2003] [after Tomlin, 1935])
357
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
Oliva panniculata Duclos, 1835
Oliva sericea (Röding, 1798)
Oliva tricolor Lamarck, 1811
+
+
Family Conidae
Conus achatinus Gmelin, 1791
+
Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
+
+
Conus aulicus Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Conus aureus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus barthelemyi Bernardi, 1861
+
Conus betulinus Linnaeus, 1758
Conus capitaneus Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
+
Conus canonicus Hwass in Bruguière,
1792
Conus catus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
+
+
+
+
Conus chaldaeus (Röding, 1798)
+
+
Conus coronatus Gmelin, 1791
+
+
Conus cylindraceus Broderip & Sowerby
I, 1830
Conus distans Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
+
+
+
Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
+
+
Conus lavidus Lamarck, 1810
+
+
Conus frigidus Reeve, 1848
+
+
Conus geographus Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Conus cf. geographus Linnaeus, 1758
Conus glans Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus imperialis Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
+
+
Conus legatus Lamarck, 1810
+
Conus
Conus
1792
Conus
Conus
CK
+
+
+
leopardus (Röding, 1798)
litoglyphus Hwass in Bruguière,
+
+
+
litteratus Linnaeus, 1758
lividus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
+
+
+
Records/Remarks
Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells et al., 1990 (as Conus ranunculus [see Röckel et al., 1995]); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Conus ranunculus [after Wells et al., 1990])
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes,
1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman,
2006a, 2006b
Wilson, 1994
Colman, 1985; Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
[after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08]
Wells et al., 1990; Debelius, 1996 [igured specimen appears to be Conus
magniicus]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994;
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Conus catus and also Conus catus [after
Tomlin, 1935]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-25.
Cocos (Keeling) Island: CK2-17]
Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Conus hebraeus var. vermiculatus [see Röckel et
al., 1995]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Conus hebraeus var. vermiculatus [after
Smith, 1909, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Conus chaldeus); Maes, 1967 (as
Conus chaldeus); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Conus chaldeus);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-25]
Smith, 1900a; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a]; Maes, 1967; Wells et
al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas
Island: CI3-07; CI3-07; CI3-14; CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-25]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Conus cylindricus
[after Wells et al., 1990])
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911 (as Conus hebraeus [sic]); Oostingh, 1925 (as
Conus (Conus) ebraeus [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith,
1900a, 1909, 1911]; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells,
1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-032011; CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-27-2011; CI3-07; CI313; CI3-15; CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-25. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-09]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
[after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011; CI3-07]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14; CI3-16; CI3-25]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990];
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
This study [Christmas Island: CI-D03-2011]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes,
1967]; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990];
this study [Christmas Island: CI-D18-2011]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
[after Wells et al., 1990]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-14;
CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-16]
358
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Conus luteus Sowerby I, 1833
Conus magniicus Reeve, 1843
+
+
Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758
Conus miles Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
+
Conus miliaris Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
+
+
†Conus minimus Linnaeus, 1758
+
Conus moreleti Crosse, 1858
Conus muriculatus Sowerby I, 1833
Conus musicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
+
Conus
1792
Conus
Conus
Conus
Conus
+
mustelinus Hwass in Bruguière,
nussatella Linnaeus, 1758
obscurus Sowerby I, 1833
parvatus Walls, 1979
pertusus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
CK
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Conus planorbis Born, 1778
+
+
Conus pulicarius Hwass in Bruguière,
1792
+
+
+
+
+
Conus quercinus Lightfoot, 1786
Conus rattus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus retifer Menke, 1829
Conus sanguinolentus Quoy & Gaimard,
1834
Conus sponsalis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
+
+
Conus stercusmuscarum Linnaeus, 1758
+
Conus striatellus Link, 1807
Conus striatus Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
+
Conus tenuistriatus Sowerby II, 1858
Conus terebra Born, 1778
+
+
+
Conus tessulatus Born, 1778
+
+
Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Conus tulipa Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Conus varius Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Conus virgo Linnaeus, 1758
Conus vexillum Gmelin, 1791
+
+
+
Conus zonatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
+
+
+
+
Records/Remarks
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after
Wells et al., 1990]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Debelius, 1996
Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D17-2011; CI3-D01;
CI3-D05]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-22-2011]
Smith, 1911 [a rejected name in Opinion 753 (ICZN, 1965); probably
Conus miliaris or a similar looking species]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
ANSP
Maes, 1967; Kohn, 1968 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells,
1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
ANSP
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Colman, 1985]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells
et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967 (as Conus vitulinus [see Röckel et al., 1995]); Wells et al.,
1990 (also as Conus vitulinus); Wells, 1994 (as Conus vitulinus [after
Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Conus planorbis [after
Wells et al., 1990] and also Conus vitulinus)
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011. Cocos
(Keeling) Islands: CK2-05; CK2-12]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-16]
Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-09-2011;
CI-17-2011; CI3-14; CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-25]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Conus stercmuscarum
[sic] [after Wells et al., 1990])
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
[after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells, 1994
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas
Island: CI3-26. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-18]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
this study [Christmas Island: CI-D19-2011]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes,
1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes,
1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967 (as Conus hevassi [see Röckel et al., 1995]); Wells et al.,
1990; Wells, 1994 (as Conus hevassi [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells, 1994
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
359
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
Family Clathurellidae
Acrista sp.
Etrema scalarina (Deshayes, 1863)
Lienardia roseotincta (Montrouzier in
Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1872)
Lienardia sp.
†“Lienardia” sp.
Family Mitromorphidae
Anarithma metula (Hinds, 1843)
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
+
+
Maes, 1967 (as Lienardia (Acrista) sp.)
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Abbott, 1950 [probably not a clathurellid, see Maes, 1967]
+
Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967 (as Mitromorpha (Lovellona) lachryma [see
Tucker, 2004], and Mitromorpha (Lovellona) stepheni [see Kilburn, 1986]);
Wells, 1994 (as Mitromorpha lachryma, and Mitromorpha stepheni [after
Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]
Maes, 1967 (as Mitromorpha (Lovellona) atramentosa); Wells, 1994 (as
Mitromorpha atramentosa); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Mitromorpha
atramentosa [after Wells et al., 1990])
+
+
Lovellona atramentosa (Reeve, 1849)
+
Family Mangeliidae
Eucithara delacouriana (Crosse, 1869)
+
Eucithara gracilis (Reeve, 1846)
+
Eucithara souverbiei (Tryon, 1884)
+
Family Raphitomidae
Daphnella atractoides Hervier, 1897
Daphnella cf. boholensis (Reeve, 1843)
Daphnella cf. delicata (Reeve, 1846)
+
+
+
Daphnella lammea (Hinds, 1843)
+
Daphnella reeveana (Deshayes, 1863)
+
Daphnella rissoides (Reeve, 1843)
+
Daphnella cf. thiasotes (Melvill &
Standen, 1896)
Daphnella sp.
Kermia barnardi (Brazier, 1876)
+
Kermia lutea (Pease, 1860)
+
+
+
Kermia pustulosa (De Folin, 1867)
+
Microdaphne morrisoni Rehder, 1980
+
Philbertia cf. felina(Hinds in Reeve, 1843)
†Philbertia lata (Hinds, 1843)
Philbertia sp.
Pseudodaphnella granicostata (Reeve,
1846)
Pseudodaphnella nexa (Reeve, 1845)
+
+
+
+
+
Pseudodaphnella tincta (Reeve, 1846)
Tritonoturris sp.
+
+
Maes, 1967 (as Eucithara stromboides [see Kilburn, 1992]); Wells, 1994
(as Eucithara stromboides [after Maes, 1967] [see Kilburn, 1992])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Cythara gracilis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Cyathara gracilis [sic] [after Tomlin, 1935])
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Eucithara souverbii [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (two undetermined species identiied only as “Daphnella
? delicata yg.” the other as ?Daphnellinae [= Microdaphne morrisoni
Rehder, 1980, see remarks under that species])
Maes, 1967 (as Daphnella delicata [see Tucker, 2004]); Wells, 1994 (as
Daphnella delicata [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Hemidaphne reeveana); Wells, 1994 (as Hemidaphne
reeveana [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Hemidaphne rissoides); Wells, 1994 (as Hemidaphne
rissoides [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as Macteola cf. thiasotes); Wells, (as Macteola cf. thiasotes
[after Maes, 1967])
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Philbertia (Kermia) barnardi); Wells, 1994 (as Philbertia
barnardi [after Maes, 1967])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Pseudoraphitoma lutea); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Pseudoraphitoma lutea [after Tomlin, 1935])
Maes, 1967 (as Philbertia (Kermia) pustulosa); Wells, 1994 (as Philbertia
pustulosa [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967 (as ?Daphellinae [see Rehder, 1980]); Rehder, 1980 [Maes
(1967) tentatively identiied two species of “?Daphnellinae” based on four
specimens. One was conditionally identiied as “Daphnella ? delicata yg.”
[listed herein as Daphnella cf. delicata] and the other as “Daphnellinae
sp.”, which Rehder (1980: 89) identiied as Microdaphne morrisoni]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990 [the description of this taxon, attributed to Hinds, 1843,
cannot be located]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Philbertia (Pseudodaphnella) granicostata); Wells, 1994
(as Philbertia granicostata [after Maes, 1967])
Tomlin, 1935 (as Pseudoraphitoma nexa); Wells et al., 1990 (as
Philbertia nexa); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Philbertia nexa and
also Pseudoraphitoma nexa [after Tomlin, 1935])
Maes, 1967 (as Philbertia (Pseudodaphnella) tincta); Wells, 1994 (as
Philbertia tincta [after Maes, 1967]
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
360
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Family Horaiclavidae
Carinapex papillosa (Garrett, 1873)
+
CK
Carinapex sp.
Clavus exilis (Pease, 1868)
+
+
Clavus lamberti (Montrouzier, 1860)
Clavus sp.
Drillia pulchella (Reeve, 1845)
Iredalea sp.
Splendrillia laeta (Hinds, 1843)
+
+
+
Tylotiella pica (Reeve, 1843)
+
+
Family Pseudomelatomidae
Crassispira sp.
Family Terebridae
Hastula albula (Menke, 1843)
+
Hastula hectica (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Tomlin, 1935 (as Pseudoraphitoma papillosa); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Pseudoraphitoma papillosa [after Tomlin, 1935])
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (as Iredalea pygmaea [see Kilburn, 1988]); Wells, 1994 (as
Iredalea pygmaea [after Maes, 1967])
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Wells, 1994
Tomlin, 1935
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Clavus laeta); Wells et al., 1990 (as Clavus laetus); Wells,
1994 (as Clavus laeta); Wilson, 1994 (as Clavus laetus); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Clavus laetus); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05]
Tomlin, 1935 (as Drillia pica); Wells et al., 1990 (as Clavus pica); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Clavus pica)
+
Wells, 1994
+
Maes, 1967 (as Terebra casta [see Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1987]);
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Terebra casta [after Maes, 1967]);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Abbott, 1950 (as Terebra (Impages) hectica); Maes, 1967 (as Terebra
hectica [after Abbott, 1950]); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra hectica [after
Abbott, 1950])
Maes, 1967 (as Terebra lanceata); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra lanceata)
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D12-2011]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Terebra solida); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967 (as Terebra afinis); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra afinis);
Wells, 1994 (as Terebra afinis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra
afinis); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-03; CK2-08]
Maes, 1967 (as Terebra columellaris); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra
columellaris); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra columellarisaris [sic]); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra columellaris); this study [Christmas
Island: CI3-D02]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra lavofasciata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Terebra lavofasciata [after Wells et al., 1990])
Maes, 1967 (as Terebra nebulosa); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra nebulosa);
this study [Christmas Island: CI-D06-2011; CI-D08-2011; CI-D17-2011]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra parkinsoni); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Terebra parkinsoni [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas
Island: CI3-D02]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra paucistriata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Terebra paucistriata [after Wells et al., 1990])
Smith, 1911 (as Terebra undulata); Tomlin, 1935 (as Terebra undulata
[after Smith, 1911]); Maes, 1967 (as Terebra cf. undulata); Wells et al.,
1990 (as Terebra undulata); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra undulata); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra undulata)
Maes, 1967 (as Terebra cerithina); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra cerithina)
Maes, 1967 (as Terebra chlorata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra
chlorata);Wells, 1994 (as Terebra chlorata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Terebra chlorata)
Marrat, 1879 (as Terebra crenulata); Smith, 1887 (as Terebra crenulata);
Tomlin, 1935 (as Terebra crenulata [after Smith, 1900a], and Terebra
interlineata [see Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1987]); Abbott, 1950 (as
Terebra (Subula) crenulata); Maes, 1967 (as Terebra crenulata); Wells
et al., 1990 (as Terebra crenulata); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra crenulata);
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra crenulata [after Wells et al., 1990])
Abbott, 1950 (as Terebra (Subula) dimidiata); Maes, 1967 (as Terebra
dimidiata); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra dimidiata)
+
Hastula lanceata (Linnaeus, 1767)
Hastula penicillata (Hinds, 1844)
+
+
+
Hastula solida (Deshayes, 1857)
+
+
Myurella afinis (Gray, 1834)
+
+
Myurella columellaris (Hinds, 1844)
+
+
Myurella lavofasciata (Pilsbry, 1921)
+
Myurella nebulosa (Sowerby I, 1825)
+
Myurella parkinsoni (Cernohorsky &
Bratcher, 1976)
+
Myurella paucistriata Smith, 1873
+
Myurella undulata (Gray, 1834)
+
+
Oxymeris cerithina (Lamarck, 1822)
Oxymeris chlorata (Lamarck, 1822)
+
+
+
Oxymeris crenulata (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Oxymeris dimidiata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Records/Remarks
+
+
361
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Oxymeris felina (Dillwyn, 1817)
+
+
Oxymeris maculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Maes, 1967 (as Terebra felina); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra felina); Wells,
1994 (as Terebra felina); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra felina)
Abbott, 1950 (as Terebra (Subula) maculata); Maes, 1967 (as Terebra
maculata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra maculata); Wells, 1994 (as
Terebra maculata); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Terebra maculata); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra maculata)
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000;
this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-12]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967 (as Terebra pertussa [sic]); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra pertussa
[sic])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Marrat, 1879; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Terebra
Terebra
Terebra
Terebra
Terebra
areolata (Link, 1807)
argus Hinds, 1844
babylonia Lamarck, 1822
funiculata Hinds, 1844
guttata (Röding, 1798)
Terebra laevigata Gray, 1834
Terebra pertusa (Born, 1778)
Terebra raphanula Lamarck, 1822
Terebra subulata (Linnaeus, 1767)
+
+
+
Terenolla pygmaea (Hinds, 1844)
+
+
Family Turridae
Iotyrris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822)
+
Turridrupa astricta (Reeve, 1843)
Turridrupa bijubata (Reeve, 1843)
+
+
Turridrupa cerithina (Anton, 1838)
Turridrupa cincta (Lamarck, 1822)
Turridrupa sp.
Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843)
Xenuroturris kingae Powell, 1964
+
+
Family Acteonidae
Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822)
Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
+
+
+
Wells et al., 1990 (as Xenoturris cingulifera); Wells, 1994 (as Xenoturris
cingulifera); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Xenoturris cingulifera)
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Tomlin, 1935 (as Drillia bijubata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells et al., 1990 (as Xenoturris [sic] kingae); Wells, 1994 (as Xenoturris
[sic] kingae); Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (as Pupa glabra [see Wells, 1994]); Wells, 1994; Coleman,
2008
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Pupa sp.
+
Family Aplustridae
Aplustrum amplustre (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990 (as Hydatina amplustre); Wells, 1994 (as
Hydatina amplustre [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Hydatina amplustre); this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-23]
Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008 (as Micromelo undata)
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Hydatina physis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Micromelo guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard,
1825)
Micromelo undatus (Bruguière, 1792)
Family Bullinidae
Bullina sp.
Family Architectonicidae
Heliacus variegatus (Gmelin, 1791)
Heliacus sp.
Psilaxis radiatus (Röding, 1798)
Family Omalogyridae
Omalogyra sp.
+
+
+
+
+
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Philippia radiata); Robertson, 1970 (as Philippia (Psilaxis)
radiata); Scheltema & Williams, 1983 (as Philippia radiata); Wells et
al., 1990 (as Philippia radiata); Wells, 1994 (as Philippia radiata); Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Philippia radiata); this study [Cocos (Keeling)
Islands: CK2-05]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
362
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Family Pyramidellidae
Evalea peasei (Dautzenberg & Bouge,
1933)
Herviera gliriella (Melvill & Standen,
1896)
Odostomia sp. “1”
Odostomia sp. “2”
Odostomia sp. “3”
Odostomia sp. “4”
Odostomia sp. “5”
Odostomia sp. “6”
Otopleura auriscati (Holten, 1802)
Otopleura mitralis (A. Adams, 1855)
CK
Records/Remarks
+
Maes, 1967 (as “Odostomia” peasei); Wells, 1994 (as Odostomia peasei
[after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Turbonilla peasei)
Maes, 1967 (as Turbonilla sp. [Maes (1967) listed two unidentiied species
as “Turbonilla, 2 spp.”, one of which was identiied as Herviera gliriella,
see Shasky (1987)]); Shasky, 1987 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells
& Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967 (as Pyramidella dolabrata terebellum [see Wells, 1994]);
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-01]
Maes, 1967 (1 unidentiied species)
Maes, 1967 (as Turbonilla (Lancea) peasei Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1906
[authorship in error; synonymy see Odé, 1998])
Maes, 1967 (as Turbonilla sp. [Maes (1967) listed two unidentiied species
as “Turbonilla, 2 spp.”, one of which was identiied as Herviera gliriella,
see Shasky (1987)]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Pyramidella acus (Gmelin, 1791)
Pyramidella dolabrata (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Pyramidella sulcata (A. Adams, 1854)
Pyramidellidae sp.
Turbonilla aulica Dall & Bartsch, 1906
+
+
+
Turbonilla sp. “1”
+
Family Rissoellidae
Rissoellidae sp. “1”
+
Rissoellidae sp. “2”
+
Rissoellidae sp. “3”
+
Family Bullidae
Bulla ampulla Linnaeus, 1758
Bulla orientalis Habe, 1950
Bulla vernicosa Gould, 1859
Family Diaphanidae
Colpodaspis thompsoni Brown, 1979
Family Haminoeidae
Atys cylindrica (Helbling, 1779)
Atys semistriata Pease, 1860
Diniatys sp.
Haminoea cymbalum (Quoy & Gaimard,
1832)
Haminoea sp.
Phanerophthalmus cylindricus (Pease,
1861)
Smaragdinella calyculata (Broderip &
Sowerby, 1829)
Smaragdinella viridis (Rang in Quoy &
Gaimard, 1832)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Chelidonura electra Rudman, 1970
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Atys cylindricus)
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967 (as Cylichna (Diniatys) sp.); Wells, 1994 (as Cylichna sp.
[after Maes, 1967])
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman,
2006a, 2006b, 2008 (as Haminoea simillina [see Rudman, 1971; but see
also discussion in Yonow, 2012])
Maes, 1967
Wells, 1994
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [supposedly after, but not listed in Tomlin
(1935)]
Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911];
this study [Christmas Island: CI-13-2011]
+
Family Aglajidae
Chelidonura amoena Bergh, 1905
Abbott, 1950; Barash & Danin, 1986 [after Abbott, 1950]; Maes, 1967;
this study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011; CI3-15; CI3-17; CI3-D01]
Malaquias & Reid, 2008
Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2]
Coleman, 2008
+
+
Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species, determined only to family level);
Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species, determined only to family level);
Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species, determined only to family level);
Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
+
Wells et al., 1990; Willan & Cattaneo-Vietti, 1995; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000; Coleman, 2008
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
363
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Records/Remarks
Chelidonura inornata Baba, 1949
Chelidonura varians Eliot, 1903
Odontoglaja guamensis Rudman, 1978
+
+
+
+
+
Philinopsis gardineri (Eliot, 1903)
Philinopsis speciosa Pease, 1860
+
+
+
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells et al., 1990; Debelius, 1996; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after
Wells et al., 1990]
Wells, 1994
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Philinopsis cyanea [see Yonow, 2012])
+
+
Wells, 1994
Debelius, 1996
+
+
+
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Debelius, 1996; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Maes, 1967
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Stylochelus [sic]
longicaudus); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Family Oxynoidae
Lobiger sp.
Oxynoe delicatula Nevill & Nevill, 1869
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Family Juliidae
Julia borbonica (Deshayes, 1863)
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Family Volvatellidae
Ascobulla sp.
Volvatella cincta Nevill & Nevill, 1869
Volvatella vigourouxi (Montrouzier, 1861)
Volvatella sp.
+
+
+
+
Wells, 1994
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Burn, 1998; Huang et al., 2007 [after Burn, 1998]
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Family Gastropteridae
Gastropteron sp.
Siphopteron brunneomarginatum (Carlson
& Hoff, 1974)
Family Aplysiidae
Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828
Dolabella auricularia (Lightfoot, 1786)
Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828)
Dolabrifera sp.
Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy & Gaimard,
1825)
Family Plakobranchidae
Elysia rufescens (Pease, 1871)
Elysia sp.
Elysia sp.
Elysia sp.
Plakobranchus ocellatus van Hasselt, 1824
Thuridilla sp.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Family Umbraculidae
Umbraculum sinicum (Gmelin, 1791)
Gosliner et al., 2008
Wells et al., 1990
Wells, 1994
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells, 1994 (as Placobranchus ocellatus)
Debelius, 1996
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
+
+
+
+
+
+
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman,
2006a, 2006b
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
+
Wells, 1994
+
+
+
+
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells et al., 1990
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
+
+
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Family Dorididae
Dorididae sp. “1”
+
Dorididae sp. “2”
+
Maes, 1967 (2 undetermined species; identiied only to family level, as
Doridae sp.); Wells, 1994 (not determined to genus or species, as Dorid sp.)
Maes, 1967 (2 undetermined species; identiied only to family level, as
Doridae sp.); Wells, 1994 (not determined to genus or species, as Dorid sp.)
Family Pleurobranchidae
Berthella martensi (Pilsbry, 1896)
Berthellina citrina (Rüppell & Leuckart,
1828)
Pleurobranchus forskalii (Rüppell &
Leuckart, 1831)
Pleurobranchus cf. forskalii (Rüppell &
Leuckart, 1831)
Pleurobranchus grandis Pease, 1868
Pleurobranchus sp.
Pleurobranchus sp. 1
Family Caliphyllidae
Cyerce nigricans (Pease, 1866)
364
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
CK
Dorididae sp.
+
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Dorid sp.)
Family Chromodorididae
Chromodoris annae Bergh, 1877
Chromodoris aspersa (Gould, 1852)
Chromodoris boucheti Rudman, 1982
Chromodoris decora (Pease, 1860)
Chromodoris elisabethina Bergh, 1877
+
+
+
+
+
Rudman, 1982; Gosliner et al., 2008
Rudman, 1983; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Rudman, 1986b; Yonow, 2012 [after Rudman, 1986b]
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as
Chromodoris cf. elisabethina); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Chromodoris
elizabethina [sic]), 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Glossodoris atromarginata)
+
+
Chromodoris lochi Rudman, 1982
Chromodoris sp. 1
Chromodoris sp. 2
Chromodoris sp. 3
Doriprismatica atromarginata (Cuvier,
1804)
Glossodoris cincta (Bergh, 1888)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Glossodoris hikuerensis (Pruvot-Fol, 1954)
+
Goniobranchus albopunctatus Garrett,
1879
+
Goniobranchus geometricus (Risbec, 1928)
Goniobranchus gleniei (Kelaart, 1858)
Goniobranchus geminus (Rudman, 1987)
+
+
+
Goniobranchus kuniei (Pruvot-Fol, 1930)
+
Goniobranchus setoensis (Baba, 1938)
Goniobranchus tritos (Yonow, 1994)
Hypselodoris bullockii (Collingwood,
1881)
Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871)
+
+
+
Hypselodoris cf. maculosa (Pease, 1871)
Hypselodoris maridadilus Rudman, 1977
Hypselodoris tryoni (Garrett, 1873)
Noumea simplex (Pease, 1871)
Noumea varians (Pease, 1871)
Thorunna australis (Risbec, 1928)
+
+
+
+
+
+
Family Discodorididae
Atagema spongiosa (Kelaart, 1858)
Discodoris sp.
Halgerda tessellata (Bergh, 1880)
Halgerda wasinensis Eliot, 1904
Halgerda sp.
Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859)
Jorunna rubescens (Bergh, 1876)
Peltodoris murrea (Abraham, 1877)
Platydoris cruenta (Quoy & Gaimard,
1832)
Platydoris scabra (Cuvier, 1804)
Platydoris striata (Kelaart, 1858)
Platydoris sp.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Records/Remarks
Rudman, 1986a; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman,
2006a, 2006b
Rudman, 1986a; Debelius, 1996; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000; Coleman, 2008
Wells et al., 1990 (as Chromodoris albopunctata); Debelius, 1996 (as
Chromodoris albopunctata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chromodoris
albopunctata [after Wells et al., 1990])
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Chromodoris geometrica)
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Chromodoris gleniei)
Rudman, 1987 (as Chromodoris geminus); Coleman, 2008 (as Chromodoris
geminus); Gosliner et al., 2008 (as Chromodoris geminus)
Rudman, 1987 (as Chromodoris kuniei); Wells et al., 1990 (as Chromodoris
kuniei); Debelius, 1996 (as Chromodoris kuniei); Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Chromodoris kuniei [after Wells et al., 1990]); Coleman, 2008 (as
Chromodoris kunei [sic]); Gosliner et al., 2008 (as Chromodoris kuniei)
Gosliner et al., 2008
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008 (as Chromodoris tritos)
Wells et al., 1990 (as Chromodoris bullockii); Debelius, 1996; Wells &
Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chromodoris bullocki); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Rudman, 1986b; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Yonow,
2012 [after Rudman, 1986b]
Coleman, 2008 (as Hypselodoris cf. ‘maculosa’)
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Coleman, 2008 (as Risbecia tryoni)
Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008
Rudman, 1986b; Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008
Rudman, 1986b; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman,
2008; Gosliner et al., 2008
Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008; Apte et al., 2010
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells, 1994
Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 (as Halgerda wasiniensis [sic])
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells, 1994; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Kentrodoris rubescens)
Dayrat, 2010
Wells, 1994; Apte, 2009
Smith, 1900a (as Doris coriacea [see Mulliner & Sphon, 1974]); Tomlin,
1935 (as Doris coriacea [after Smith, 1900a]); Wells, 1994
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2008
Maes, 1967
365
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
Family Dendrodorididae
Dendrodoris albopurpura Burn 1957
Dendrodoris fumata (Rüppell & Leuckart,
1831)
Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855)
CI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Phyllidia marindica (Yonow & Hayward,
1991)
+
+
Phyllidia picta (Pruvot-Fol, 1957)
Phyllidia varicosa Lamarck, 1801
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Phyllidia sp.
Phyllidia sp. “1”
Phyllidia sp. “2”
Phyllidia sp. “3”
Phyllidia sp. 1
Phyllidia sp. 2
Phyllidiella lizae Brunckhorst, 1993
Phyllidiella meandrina (Pruvot-Fol, 1957)
Phyllidiella pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804)
Phyllidiella cf. pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804)
Phyllidiella rosans (Bergh, 1873)
Phyllidiella striata (Bergh, 1889)
Phyllidiella zeylanica (Kelaart, 1858)
+
+
+
+
+
Phyllidiopsis burni Brunckhorst, 1993
Phyllidiopsis issurata Brunckhorst, 1993
Reticulidia fungia Brunckhorst & Gosliner
in Brunckhorst, 1993
+
+
+
Family Polyceridae
Nembrotha nigerrima Bergh, 1877
Plocamopherus imperialis Angas, 1864
Plocamopherus sp.
Plocamopherus sp.
Polycera risbeci Odhner, 1941
Thecacera paciica (Bergh, 1884)
Family Aegiridae
Aegires citrinus (Bergh, 1875)
Aegires gardineri (Eliot, 1906)
Aegires minor (Eliot, 1904)
Aegires sp.
Family Gymnodorididae
Gymnodoris ceylonica (Kelaart, 1858)
Gymnodoris sp.
Family Hexabranchidae
Hexabranchus sanguineus (Rüppell &
Leuckart, 1830)
+
+
+
Records/Remarks
Gosliner et al., 2008
Gosliner et al., 2008; Sreeraj et al., 2012
+
+
Dendrodoris sp.
Family Phyllidiidae
Phyllidia coelestis Bergh, 1905
Phyllidia elegans Bergh, 1869
CK
+
+
+
+
+
Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Brodie et al., 1997; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000; Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008
Maes, 1967
Wells, 1994 (as Phyllidia coelistis [sic]); Yonow, 2011
Wells et al., 1990; Brunckhorst, 1993; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008; Gosliner
et al., 2008; Yonow, 2011
Wells et al., 1990 (as Reyfria ruppelii [see Brunckhorst, 1993]);
Brunckhorst, 1993 (as Fryeria marindica); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
(as Reyfria ruppelii [see Brunckhorst, 1993] [after Wells et al., 1990]);
Gosliner et al., 2008; Yonow, 2012 [after Brunckhorst, 1993]
Yonow, 1996 (as Fryeria picta); Yonow, 2012 [after Yonow, 1996]
Smith, 1900a; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a]; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000 (as Phyllidia cf. varicosa); Yonow, 1996 (as Phyllidia arabica [see
Yonow, 2012]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Maes, 1967 (several unidentiied lots)
Wells, 1994 (three undetermined species)
Wells, 1994 (three undetermined species)
Wells, 1994 (three undetermined species)
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Eliot, 1910 (as Phyllidia nobilis [see Yonow, 2012]); Coleman, 2008
Coleman, 2008; Yonow, 2012
Wells, 1994 (as Phyllidia cf. pustulosa)
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Yonow, 2012
Wells et al., 1990 (as Phyllidia honloni [see Brunckhorst, 1993]); Yonow,
1996; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008; Yonow, 2012
[after Yonow, 1996]
Coleman, 2008
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Brunckhorst, 1993; Debelius, 1996; Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008
+
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Nembrotha kubaryana [see Pola et al., 2008])
Eliot, 1910
Wells et al., 1990 (as Plocamophorus [sic] sp.)
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Plocamophorus [sic] sp.)
Wells et al., 1990; Debelius, 1996; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2008
+
+
+
+
Wells, 1994 (as Notodoris citrinus)
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Notodoris gardineri)
Wells, 1994 (as Notodoris minor); Coleman, 2008 (as Notodoris minor)
Coleman, 2008 (as Notodoris sp.)
+
+
+
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Wells et al., 1990
+
+
Rudman, 1986b (as Hexabranchus sp. [see Yonow, 2012]); Wells et al.,
1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b,
2008; Yonow, 2012 [after Rudman, 1986b]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
366
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Family Embletoniidae
Embletonia gracilis Risbec, 1928
+
Family Bornellidae
Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864
Bornella stellifer (A. Adams & Reeve in A.
Adams, 1848)
CK
Records/Remarks
Gosliner et al., 2008
+
Gosliner et al., 2008
Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
+
Wells, 1994
+
+
+
+
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008
Family Tergipedidae
Phestilla lugubris (Bergh, 1870)
Phestilla melanobrachia Bergh, 1874
+
+
+
Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Phestilla melanobranchia [sic])
Family Facelinidae
Caloria indica (Bergh, 1896)
Phidiana lottinia (Lesson, 1831)
+
+
+
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008 (as Phidiana indica); Gosliner et al., 2008
Eliot, 1910 (as Phydiana inca [see García & Troncoso, 2003])
Family Siphonariidae
Siphonaria atra Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
+
+
Siphonaria ferruginea Reeve, 1856
+
+
+
+
+
Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; this study [Christmas
Island: CI3-25]
Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]; this study
[Christmas Island: CI-13-2011; CI3-no stn., Flying Fish Cove, on stranded
rope, 15 Feb.2012]
Maes, 1967 (as Siphonaria cf. normalis); Wells, 1994
Wells et al., 1990 (probably at least two species)
Wells et al., 1990 (probably at least two species)
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
+
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
+
+
Family Tethydidae
cf. Melibe sp.
Family Flabellinidae
Flabellina bilas (Gosliner & Willan, 1991)
Flabellina exoptata Gosliner & Willan,
1991
Siphonaria
Siphonaria
Siphonaria
Siphonaria
Siphonaria
cf. normalis Gould, 1846
sp. “1”
sp. “2”
sp. 1
sp. 2
Family Trimusculidae
Trimusculus sp.
+
Family Ellobiidae
Auriculodes sp.
Ellobium tornatelliforme (Petit de la
Saussaye, 1842)
Marinula sp.
†Melampus caffar Kürler
+
+
+
+
Melampus castaneus (von Mühlfeld, 1818)
+
+
Melampus fasciatus (Deshayes, 1830)
+
+
Melampus lavus (Gmelin, 1791)
+
+
Maes, 1967 (as Auricula (Auriculodes) sp.); Wells, 1994 (as Auricula
sp. [after Maes, 1967])
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Auricula tornatelliformis)
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 {nomen dubium; no such authority
can be located and it may be an incorrect spelling of Melampus coffea,
a West Indies species; Wood-Jones’ (1910: 348; 1912: 348) entry may
be a misidentiication of Melampus castaneus or Melampus fasciatus;
Kürler may be an error for Küster}
Smith, 1909; Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Abbott, 1950 (as
Melampus fuscus); Maes, 1967 (as Melampus (Melampus) castaneus);
Wells, 1994; Beeton et al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011]
Smith, 1887, 1889, 1900b; Oostingh, 1923 (as Melampus fasciatus [after
Smith, 1900]); Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Melampus (Pira) fasciatus);
Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Beeton et al., 2010; this study [Christmas
Island: CI3-03. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-10]
Smith, 1887, 1889, 1900b (as Melampus luteus [see Cernohorsky, 1972]);
Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Melampus luteus [see Cernohorsky,
1972]); Abbott, 1950 (as Melampus luteus [see Cernohorsky, 1972]); Maes,
1967 (as Melampus (Melampus) lavus); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994;
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Beeton et al., 2010 (as Melampus luteus);
this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-33-2011; CI3-03; CI3-04]
367
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
Pythia scarabaeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
CK
+
Pythia sp.
Records/Remarks
Smith, 1889, 1900b; Oostingh, 1925 [after Smith, 1900]; Laidlaw, 1935
(as Pythia nux [herein regarded provisionally as synonymous; see also
discussion under the species in Laidlaw (1935)]; Wells et al., 1990;
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001; this study;
[Christmas Island: CI-15; CI-27-2011; CI-33-2011; CI3-22]
Abbott, 1950 [probably Pythia scarabaeus]; Maes, 1967 [after Abbott,
1950]; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]
Dayrat et al., 2011 (as Pythia sp.; with molecular data)
Pythia sp.
+
Family Onchidiidae
Peronia peronii (Cuvier, 1804)
+
Smith, 1900a; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a]; Wells & Slack-Smith,
2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011]
Family Veronicellidae
Semperula insularis Thomé, 1983
+
Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874)
+
Semperula sp.
+
Thomé, 1983 (type locality: Christmas Island); Gomes & Thomé, 2004
[after Thomé, 2004]
Thomé, 1983 (as Semperula christmasis [see Gomes & Thomé, 2004];
type locality: Settlement, Christmas Island); Gomes & Thomé, 2004
Beeton et al., 2010 [possibly either of the preceding species]
Family Succineidae
Succinea keelingensis Abbott, 1950
Succinea listeri Smith, 1889
+
Succinea solidula Pfeiffer, 1849
+
Succinea solitaria Smith, 1887
+
Family Achatinellidae
Elasmias manilense (Dohrn, 1863)
Tornatellinops sp.
+
+
Family Vertiginidae
Gastrocopta servilis (Gould, 1843)
Gastrocopta sp.
Nesopupa proscripta (Smith, 1905)
+
Abbott, 1950 (type locality: North Keeling Island, Cocos-Keeling Islands)
Smith, 1889, 1900b (type locality: Christmas Island); Laidlaw, 1930
[after Smith, 1889, 1900b]; Laidlaw, 1935 [after Smith, 1889, 1900b]
Smith, 1887, 1889, 1900b; Laidlaw, 1935 [after Smith, 1889, 1900b);
Beeton et al., 2010
Smith, 1887 (type locality: Christmas Island), 1889, 1900b; Laidlaw,
1935; Quick, 1939; this study [Christmas Island: CI-41-2011]
Beeton et al., 2010
Beeton et al., 2010
+
+
+
Beeton et al., 2010
Abbott, 1950 (only a single damaged specimen seen)
Smith, 1905 (as Jaminia proscripta; type locality: Flying Fish Cove,
Christmas Island); Laidlaw, 1935
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as Nesopupa (?Insulipupa) sp.)
Beeton et al., 2010
Beeton et al., 2010
Nesopupa sp.
Pupisoma orcula (Benson, 1850)
Pupisoma sp.
+
+
+
Family Cerastidae
Rachis punctatus (Anton, 1839)
+
Family Achatinidae
Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822
+
Sproul, 1983; Lake & O’Dowd, 1991; Civeyrel & Simberloff, 1996 [after
Sproul, 1983; Lake & O’Dowd, 1991]; Raut & Barker, 2002; Beeton et
al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-no stn., Irvine Hill Road, turf
beside road, 23 January 2010; CI-02-2011; CI-34-2011; CI3-no stn., at
trailhead to Winifred beach, 15 February 2012]
Family Ferussaciidae
Cecilioides sp.
†Cecilioides sp.
+
+
Beeton et al., 2010
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (uncertain identification [also as
Ochroderma sp. and Prosopeas sp. (Subulinidae)])
Family Subulinidae
Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834)
+
cf. Lamellaxis sp.
+
+
+
Beeton et al., 2010 (as Rachis punctata); this study [Christmas Island:
CI-no stn.-2011, Drumsite, opposite Boong’s Trading, amongst discarded
wood debris, March 2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-04]
Smith, 1900b, 1909, as Opeas subula [see Pilsbry, 1906)]; Laidlaw, 1935,
as Opeas gracilie); Abbott, 1950 (as Lamellaxis (Allopeas) gracilis);
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as Lamellaxis gracilis); Beeton et al,
2010 (as Lamellaxis gracilis); this study [Christmas Island: CI-41-2011]
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as ?Lamellaxis sp.)
368
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
†Ochroderma sp.
+
Opeas pumilim (Pfeiffer, 1840)
Opeas cf. pumilim (Pfeiffer, 1840)
Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846)
†Prosopeas sp.
+
+
+
+
Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1798)
+
†Subulina cf. octona (Bruguière, 1798)
+
cf. Subulina sp.
+
Family Streptaxidae
Huttonella bicolor (Hutton, 1834)
+
Smith, 1909 (as Ennea (Huttonella) bicolor); Laidlaw, 1935; Beeton et
al., 2010 (as Gulella (Huttonella) bicolor)
+
+
Laidlaw, 1935 (as Charopa? sp.); Beeton et al., 2010
Beeton et al., 2010
Family Euconulidae
Kaliella cruda Smith, 1909
+
Lamprocystis mabelae (Smith, 1889)
+
Lamprocystis mildredae (Smith, 1889)
+
Lamprocystis normani (Smith, 1889)
+
Liardetia doliolum (Pfeiffer, 1846)
Liardetia scandens (Cox, 1872)
Liardetia sculpta (von Möllendorff, 1883)
Microcystis sp.
+
+
Smith, 1909 (type locality: Ross Hill, Christmas Island); Laidlaw, 1935
[after Smith, 1909]; Beeton et al., 2010
Smith, 1889 (as Ariophanta (Microcystis) mabelae; type locality:
Christmas Island), 1900b; Laidlaw, 1935 [after Smith, 1889]
Smith, 1889 (as Ariophanta (Microcystis) mildredae; type locality:
Christmas Island); Smith, 1900b; Laidlaw, 1935 [after Smith, 1889]
Smith, 1889 (as Ariophanta (Microcystis) normani; type locality:
Christmas Island); Smith, 1900b; Laidlaw, 1931 (as Sitala ? normani [after
Smith, 1899]); Laidlaw, 1935 (as Sitala(?) normani [after Smith, 1899])
Beeton et al., 2010 (as Liardetia (Belopygmaeus) doliolum)
Beeton et al., 2010 (as Liardetia (Liardetia) scandens)
Abbott, 1950
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001; Beeton et al., 2010
Family Charopidae
Charopa sp.
Discocharopa cf. aperta (Moellendorff,
1888)
Family Bradybaenidae
Bradybaena similaris (Rang, 1831)
CK
+
+
+
Records/Remarks
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (uncertain identiication [also as Cecilioides
sp. (Ferussaciidae), and Prosopeas sp. (Subulinidae)])
Beeton et al., 2010
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as Opeas ?pumilim)
Beeton et al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-34-2011]
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (uncertain identiication [also as Cecilioides
sp. (Ferussaciidae), and Ochroderma sp. (Subulinidae)])
Laidlaw, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001; Beeton et
al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-34-2011; CI-41-2011]
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as Subulina ?octona; uncertain because
anterior end of shell broken)
Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as ?Subulina sp.)
Beeton et al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-34-3011; CI-412011; CI-no stn.-2011, Drumsite, opposite Boong’s Trading, amongst
discarded wood debris, March 2011]
+
CLASS CEPHALOPODA
Family Nautilidae
Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus, 1758
+
+
Rees, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Wani et al., 2005 [after Maes,
1967]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; this study [Christmas Island: CI-no
stn.-2011, Flying Fish Cove, March 2011]
Family Spirulidae
Spirula spirula (Linnaeus, 1758)
+
+
Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Family Sepiidae
Sepia cf. bandensis Adam, 1939
Sepia latimanus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
+
+
+
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Sepia sp. cf. S. bandensis)
Wells, 1994; Reid et al., 2005; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
+
+
Rees, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Family Loliginidae
Sepioteuthis lessoniana Férussac in Lesson,
1830
Family Ommastrephidae
Ommastrephes sp.
+
Smith, 1900a (as Ommatostrephes sp.); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a
(erroneously 1911)]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]
369
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
Family Octopodidae
†Amphioctopus granulatus (Lamarck,
1799)
Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849
†Octopus rugosus Bosc, 1792
Octopus
Octopus
Octopus
Octopus
sp.
sp.
sp.
sp.
CK
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Records/Remarks
Smith, 1909 (as Octopus granulatus); Smith, 1911 (as Polypus granulatus);
[current taxonomic status unresolved, see Norman & Hochberg, 2005]
Rees, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b
Tomlin, 1935 (= granulatus, and possibly also Octopus sp., recorded by
Smith [after Smith, 1909, 1911; current taxonomic status unresolved, see
Norman & Hochberg, 2005])
Smith, 1900a
Maes, 1967
Wells et al., 1990
Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000
370
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Table 3. Species of Mollusca described from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. In the irst column, the
current name is given. In the second and third columns, the endemic status of a species at Christmas Island (CI) and/or the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands (CK) are denoted by a “+”. An endemic species is deined as a species found only at Christmas Island and/or the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands and nowhere else. Species without a “+” in either the second (CI) or third (CK) column are not endemic. In the fourth column,
the name in its original combination when irst described from these localities is given together with references relevant to the endemic
(or taxonomic) status of each species.
Species
CI
Septifer rufolineatus (Smith, 1911)
[Mytilidae]
+
CK
Remarks
Described by Smith (1911) as Brachydontes (Hormomya) rufolineatus
(type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); endemic (see
Huber, 2010)
Afrocardium richardi (Audouin, 1826)
[Cardiidae]
Described by Smith (1911) as Cardium (Fragum) rubescens (type locality:
Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); junior synonym of Afrocardium
richardi (Audouin, 1826) (see ter Poorten, 2009)
Bankia rochi Moll in Moll & Roch, 1931
[Teredinidae]
Described by Moll (in Moll & Roch, 1931) as Bankia rochi (type locality:
Christmas Island); Bankia (Neobankia) roonwali Rajagopalaiengar,
1961 (type locality: India) and possibly Bankia thielei Roch, 1935 (type
locality: Madagascar) are synonyms, which extends the range of this
species beyond Christmas Island (see Turner, 1966)
Spathoteredo obtusa (Sivickis, 1928)
[Teredinidae]
Described by Moll & Roch (1931) as Teredo murrayi (type locality:
Christmas Island); junior synonym of Spathoteredo obtusa (Sivickis,
1928) (type locality: Philippines) (see Turner, 1966)
Anxietas perplexa Iredale, 1917
[Seguenziidae]
+
Described by Iredale (1917) as Anxietas perplexa (type locality: Christmas
Island); endemic
+
+
First recorded by Maes (1967, as Astraea helicina) from the Cocos
(Keeling) Islands, and by Wells et al. (1990, as Astralium rhodostoma)
from Christmas Island. Meyer et al. (2005) have shown that material
previously identified as Astralium cf. helicina and Astralium cf.
rhodostomum from Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
represent an undescribed (and endemic) species
+
First recorded by Reeve (1848) from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and by
Smith (1887) from Christmas Island; although there are records from the
Marshall Islands (see Fosberg, 1990) and Wake Island (see Tomlinson,
1969), genetic studies (G. Paulay, in litt., 19 June 2013) of material from
these locations show that these represent an extreme variation of Turbo
argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758, and that Turbo lajonkairii is endemic to
Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Astralium cf. rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822)
[Turbinidae]
Turbo lajonkairii (Deshayes, 1839)
[Turbinidae]
+
+
First recorded by Smith (1889, 1900b) as a variety of Leptopoma mouhoti
Pfeiffer, 1861; also recorded by Humphreys & Ebenhard (2001) as
Leptopoma sp. (? L. mouhoti); it is likely to represent an undescribed
and endemic subspecies
+
Described by Smith (1909) as Plesiotrochus ischeri (type locality:
Christmas Island); Kay (1979) considered this species to be a synonym
of the widely-distributed Plesiotrochus luteus (Gould, 1861), however,
her igure and description do not agree with that of Smith’s (1909); we
therefore provisionally consider Plesiotrochus ischeri to be a valid and
endemic species
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Obtortio rugosa (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
+
Meyer (2004) discussed that the Christmas Island population of what has
been identiied hitherto as Lyncina ventriculus, represents an undescribed
and endemic species
Leptopoma sp. [Cyclophoridae]
Plesiotrochus ischeri Smith, 1909
[Plesiotrochidae]
Finella rugosa (Laseron, 1956) [Scaliolidae]
Lyncina sp. [Cypraeidae]
Echinolittorina reticulata (Anton, 1838)
[Littorinidae]
Described by Smith (1887) as Littorina granicostata (type locality:
Christmas Island); junior synonym of Echinolittorina reticulata (Anton,
1838) (see Reid, 2007)
371
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
Chrystella islandica Laseron, 1956
[Pickworthiidae]
Discrevinia balba Laseron, 1956
[Pickworthiidae]
CK
Remarks
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Chrystella islandica (type locality:
Christmas Island); this species may be synonymous with Chrystella
inckhi (Hedley, 1899) (type locality: Funafuti, Tuvalu) (see Moolenbeek
& Mussai, 2010), but we herein tentatively consider Chrystella islandica
Laseron, 1956, to be a valid and endemic species
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Discrevinia balba (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Reynellona natalis Iredale, 1917
[Pickworthiidae]
Described by Iredale (1917) as Reynellona natalis (type locality:
Christmas Island); since recorded from French Polynesia (see Tröndlé
& Boutet, 2009) and not endemic
Sansonia andamanica (Preston, 1908)
[Pickworthiidae]
Described by Iredale (1917) as Pickworthia andrewsi type locality:
Christmas Island); junior synonym of Sansonia andamanica (Preston,
1908) (see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003); not endemic
Sansonia kirkpatricki (Iredale, 1917)
[Pickworthiidae]
Described by Iredale (1917) as Pickworthia kirkpatricki (type locality:
Christmas Island); Sansonia andrei Jousseaume, 1921 (type locality:
Red Sea), and Sansonia christinae Selli, 1973 (type locality: Red Sea),
are junior synonyms (see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003); this species
has also been recorded from Japan (see Eakawa, 1993); not endemic
Sansoniella minuta (Hornung & Mermod,
1927) [Pickworthiidae]
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Merelina hians (type locality:
Christmas Island); junior synonym of Sansoniella minuta (Hornung &
Mermod, 1927) (type locality: Red Sea) (see Le Renard & Bouchet,
2003; Moolenbeek, 2008)
Sherbornia mirabilis Iredale, 1917
[Pickworthiidae]
Described by Iredale (1917) as Sherbornia mirabilis (type locality:
Christmas Island); since recorded from French Polynesia (see
Cernohorsky, 1981; Tröndlé & Boutet, 2009) and not endemic
Alvania isolata (Laseron, 1956) [Rissoidae]
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Haurakia isolata (type locality:
Christmas Island); since recorded from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (see
Maes 1967), the Hawaiian Islands (Kay, 1979, as Alvinia isolata), the
Marshall Islands, Hawaii and Lutao, Taiwan (see Chang & Wu, 2004),
the Philippines (see Hasegawa, 2004), and French Polynesia (see Tröndlé
& Boutet, 2009) and not endemic
Rissoina isolata (Laseron, 1956)
[Rissoinidae]
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Costalynia isolata (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Rissoina perita Sleurs, 1992 [Rissoinidae]
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Austrosina evanida (type locality:
Christmas Island), but is now a junior secondary homonym of Rissoina
evanida G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874; replacement name Rissoina perita
proposed by Sleurs (1992); since recorded from the Philippines and
Taiwan (see Chang & Wu, 2004, as Rissoina evanida) and not endemic
Rissoina quinita (Laseron, 1956)
[Rissoinidae]
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Austrosina quinita (type locality:
Christmas Island); since recorded from Lutao, Taiwan (see Chang &
Wu, 2004) and not endemic
Schwartziella delicatula (Laseron, 1956)
[Rissoinidae]
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Pandalosia delicatula (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Schwartziella lata Laseron, 1956
[Rissoinidae]
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Schwartziella lata (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Schwartziella oceanica (Laseron, 1956)
[Rissoinidae]
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Pandalosia oceanica (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Isselia incisa (type locality: Christmas
Island); since recorded from Japan as fossils only (see Kaneko, 1989)
and endemic
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Zebina acicula (type locality: Christmas
Island); endemic
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Zebina constricta (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Stosicia incisa (Laseron, 1956) [Rissoinidae]
Zebina acicula Laseron, 1956 [Rissoinidae]
Zebina constricta Laseron, 1956
[Rissoinidae]
372
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Species
CI
Zebina isolata Laseron, 1956 [Rissoinidae]
CK
Remarks
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Zebina isolata (type locality: Christmas
Island); since recorded from Taiwan (see Chang & Wu, 2004), and Japan
and the Philippines (see Hasegawa, 2006) and not endemic
Zebina linearis Laseron, 1956 [Rissoinidae]
+
Palisadia subulata Laseron, 1956
[Eulimidae]
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Zebina linearis (type locality: Christmas
Island); since recorded from Japan as fossils only (see Mimoto & Nakao,
2013) and endemic
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Palisadia subulata (type locality:
Christmas Island); since recorded from Red Sea (see Tringali & Oliverio,
1995)
Pyramidelloides viticula Laseron, 1956
[Eulimidae]
+
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Pyramidelloides viticula (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Paludinella andrewsiana (Smith, 1900)
[Assimineidae]
+
Described by Smith (1900b) as Assiminea andrewsiana (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic (see Dammerman, 1948)
Cyclonidea labiata (A. Adams, 1860)
[Aclididae]
Described by Laseron (1956b) as Cyclonidea carina (type locality:
Christmas Island); junior synonym of Cyclonidea labiata (A. Adams,
1860) (type locality: Japan) (see Mimoto & Nakao, 2013)
Iniforis ordinata Laseron, 1958
[Triphoridae]
Described by Laseron (1958) as Iniforis ordinata (type locality: Christmas
Island); since recorded from the Hawaiian Islands (see Kay, 1979) and
not endemic
Iniforis progressa (Laseron, 1958)
[Triphoridae]
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Coriophora progressa (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Iniforis tuberia (type locality: Christmas
Island); endemic
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Liniphora restis(type locality: Christmas
Island); endemic
Mastonia anomala Laseron, 1958
[Triphoridae]
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Mastonia anomala (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Mastoniaeforis decorata (Laseron, 1958)
[Triphoridae]
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Epiforis decorata (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Mastoniaeforis insulana (Laseron, 1958)
[Triphoridae]
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Contraforis insulana (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Mastoniaeforis radix (Laseron, 1958)
[Triphoridae]
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Epiforis radix (type locality: Christmas
Island); endemic
Nanaphora minuta Laseron, 1958
[Triphoridae]
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Nanaphora minuta (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Iniforis tuberia Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae]
Liniphora restis Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae]
Opimaphora coralina Laseron, 1958
[Triphoridae]
Described by Laseron (1958) as Opimaphora coralina (type locality:
Christmas Island); since recorded from the Hawaiian Islands (see Kay,
1979) and Japan (see Kosuge, 1963) and not endemic
Subulophora indianica Laseron, 1958
[Triphoridae]
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Subulophora indianica (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Subulophora marginata Laseron, 1958
[Triphoridae]
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Subulophora marginata (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Subulophora virgina Laseron, 1958
[Triphoridae]
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Subulophora virgina (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Viriola oceanica Laseron, 1958
[Triphoridae]
+
Described by Laseron (1958) as Viriola oceanica (type locality: Christmas
Island); endemic
Potenatomus secundus Laseron, 1956
[Cerithiopsidae]
+
Described by Laseron (1956a) as Potenatomus secundus (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic
Peristernia venusta Smith, 1911
[Fasciolariidae]
+
Described by Smith (1911) as Peristernia venusta (type locality: Flying
Fish Cove, Christmas Island); endemic
373
Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Species
CI
CK
Nassarius exulatus (Smith, 1911)
[Nassariidae]
Described by Smith (1911) as Nassa exulata (type locality: off Margaret
Beaches, Christmas Island); the unique type specimen is regarded by
Tomlin (1935) to be a worn and faded marrati (= reeveanus); but it is
herein considered to be a valid and endemic species (see Cernohorsky,
1984)
+
Morula andrewsi (Smith, 1909) [Muricidae]
Orania taeniata Houart, 1995 [Muricidae]
Semperula insularis Thomé, 1983
[Veronicellidae]
+
+
Described by Smith (1909) as Sistrum andrewsi (type locality: Christmas
Island); recorded from Christmas Island in this study; endemic
+
Described by Houart (1995) as Orania taeniata (type locality: Christmas
Island); endemic and known only from the holotype (see Houart, 1995)
+
Described by Thomé (1983) as Semperula insularis (type locality:
Christmas Island); endemic (see Gomes & Thomé, 2004)
Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874)
[Veronicellidae]
Described by Thomé (1983) as Semperula chrismasis (type locality:
Settlement, Christmas Island); junior synonym of Semperula wallacei
(Isselt, 1874) (type locality: Sarawak, Borneo) (see Gomes & Thomé,
2004)
Succinea keelingensis Abbott, 1950
[Succineidae]
+
Succinea listeri Smith, 1889 [Succineidae]
Succinea solitaria Smith, 1887 [Succineidae]
Remarks
Described by Abbott (1950) as Succinea keelingensis (type locality:
North Keeling Island, Cocos-Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean); endemic
Described by Smith (1889) as Succinea listeri (type locality: Christmas
Island); since recorded from Java (see Benthem Jutting, 1932) and not
endemic
+
Described by Smith, 1887 as Succinea solitaria (type locality: Christmas
Island); endemic
+
Described by Smith (1905) as Jaminia proscripta (type locality: Flying
Fish Cove, Christmas Island); endemic
+
Described by Smith (1909) as Kaliella cruda (type locality: Ross Hill,
Christmas Island); endemic
Lamprocystis mabelae (Smith, 1889)
[Euconulidae]
+
Described by Smith (1889) as Ariophanta (Microcystis) mabelae (type
locality: Christmas Island); endemic
Lamprocystis mildredae (Smith, 1889)
[Euconulidae]
+
Described by Smith (1889) as Ariophanta (Microcystis) mildredae (type
locality: Christmas Island); endemic
Lamprocystis normani (Smith, 1889)
[Euconulidae]
+
Described by Smith (1889) as Ariophanta (Microcystis) normani (type
locality: Christmas Island); endemic
Nesopupa proscripta (Smith, 1905)
[Vertiginidae]
Kaliella cruda Smith, 1909 [Euconulidae]
374
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014
Table 4. Publications listing more than ive species from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) or the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. For each of
the two locations, the total number of species recorded, and the species recorded for the irst time (both new records and new taxa) are
given. Seven publications (viz. Laseron, 1956a, 1956b, 1958; Rudman, 1986a, 1986b; Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008) did not focus
only on the fauna of Christmas Island and the species totals reported in these publications are not informative, and are indicated as not
applicable (i.e., “n/a”). In two publications that appeared in the same year, Coleman (2008) and Gosliner et al. (2008) both listed three
species in common that are also new records.
Christmas Island species
Publication
Cocos (Keeling) species
Year
Reported
New records
Marrat (1879)
1879
Smith (1887)
1887
16
16
Smith (1889)
1889
11
7
Smith (1900a, 1900b)
1900
41
34
Smith (1909)
1909
34
29
Smith (in Wood-Jones, 1910)
1910
Smith (1911)
1911
61
18
Iredale (1917)
1917
5
5
Tomlin (1935)
1935
170
93
Abbott (1950)
1950
Laseron (1956a, b)
1956
n/a
21
Laseron (1958)
1958
n/a
14
Maes (1967)
1967
Rudman (1986a, 1986b)
1986
n/a
7
Wells et al. (1990)
1990
379
275
Wells (1994)
1994
Wells & Slack-Smith (2000)
2000
430
62
Humphreys & Eberhard (2001)
2001
15
11
Coleman (2006a, 2006b)
2006
102
49
Coleman (2008)
2008
n/a
8
Gosliner et al. (2008)
2008
n/a
10
Beeton et al. (2010)
2010
31
17
This study
2014
760
35
375
Reported
New records
26
21
25
18
154
129
504
342
610
132
102
54
757
22