Academia.eduAcademia.edu
Download Free PDF
paper cover icon
Download Free PDF
paper cover thumbnail

Obsessed with shells: John L. Staid-Staadt (1886-1969) as a life-long and ardent collector

Obsessed with shells: John L. Staid-Staadt (1886-1969) as a life-long and ardent collector

Profile image of Bram BreureBram Breure

2019, Folia Conchyliologica

J.L. Staadt (also known as John L. Staid or J.L. Staid-Staadt) was a Frenchman who started collecting shells at a young age. Firstly he collected fossils around Reims until he left for London in 1911. There he started to amass a collection which eventually grew to around 53,000 species by the time of his death. His legacy also includes 15 catalogues, covering the period 1924-1940, which are herein discussed. They present a detailed view on the contents and growth via exchanges of his collection, but are also an archive of personal and social history. Key words-Biography, bibliography, new taxa introduced, eponyms, correspondents. Résumé-J.L. Staadt (aussi connu sous le nom de John L. Staid ou J.L. Staid-Staadt) était un Français qui a commencé à ramasser des coquillages dès son jeune âge. Tout d'abord, il collectionne les fossiles autour de Reims jusqu'à son départ pour Londres en 1911. C'est là qu'il a commencé à amasser une collection qui a fini par atteindre environ 53 000 espèces au moment de sa mort. Son legs comprend également 15 catalogues, couvrant la période 1924-1940, qui sont ici discutés. Ils présentent une vision détaillée du contenu et de l'évolution de sa collection par le biais d'échanges, mais sont aussi des archives de l'histoire personnelle et sociale.

Related Papers

Conference: 82. Congresso dell'Unione Zoologica Italiana. Simposio: Tassonomia, Filogenesi e Biodiversità: l’importanza e il ruolo dei musei zoologici.

THE SEA-SHELLS ECOLOGICAL COLLECTION OF PIETRO PARENZAN. INVENTORY, CONSERVATION RENEWAL AND CATALOGUING ACTIVITIES USEFUL TO MANAGE DATA ON BIODIVERSITY ACCESSIBLE TO SCIENTISTS.

2023 •

Marcello Emilio Posi

Introduction. Historical biodiversity memory is a fundamental asset for the study and comprehension of present-day biodiversity. It is therefore imperative that museums’ historical collections are thoroughly investigated, studied, preserved and, if possible, “rebuilt” in their purity (MEREGALLI et al., 2023). In fact, despite their enormous potential value to society, the information embedded in the collections housed in museums is largely inaccessible (JOHNSON and OWENS, 2023). The historical sea-shells ecological collection of Pietro Parenzan, who founded the Marine Biology Museum in Porto Cesareo, was composed of 1556 species (most of which from the Mediterranean Sea) represented by thousands of specimens mainly obtained dredging sea bottoms along the coasts of Apulia and through specimens exchange activities. Since 2007 to 2010 was carried out the analysis of the 3 typescript historical catalogues and the photographic documentation, conservation renewal and digital cataloguing of at least one lot for each species among a total of the (known by the time) 6438 mono specific shells groups being part of the Collection, organizing a directly accessible representative collection made by 2928 lots (POSI et al., 2012). The present work represents the second contribution to the accessibility of this historical and documentary heritage. Methods. According to the best practices to prevent or arrest the long-term physical deterioration of natural history specimens and associated documents to preserve their scientific worth (CHALMERS et al., 1999), missing and never listed or not revised shells lots were recovered to the Collection. Their containers were restored or replaced, preserving also the accompanying tags. On each plastic container for shells was marked the new numeric inventory code (n. SBM) identifying the lots within the digital (Excel) catalogue, which was updated ensuring the maximum protection for useful historical data, providing corrections of previous errors (mostly due to collector mistakes), including lots never listed within the historical catalogues and adding reviewer notes suitable to reconstruct the collecting history. Results and conclusions. By the time the 7751 catalogued shells lots of the “Parenzan” Collection are accessible to researchers for deeper taxonomic or ecological studies, according to the original aim of the collector and to the present needs for providing crucial information for the management of natural systems.

View PDF

Colligo 3 (3) - Hors - série n°2

Paleontological collections in the making – an introduction to the special issue

2020 •

Irina Podgorny, Maria Margaret Lopes

View PDF

Conservation and Management of Archaeological …

L'art avant l'histoire. La conservation de lart prehistorique. 10es journées d'études de la SFIIC (Section française de l'institut international de conservation)

2003 •

Valerie Magar

View PDF

Adansonia

1802–2018 : 220 ans d'histoire des périodiques au Muséum

2018 •

Laurence Bénichou

View PDF
Some bibliographic findings on “Muséum d’Histoire naturelle des Pays‐Bas. – Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement” (1862‐1881) edited by Hermann Schlegel

2011 •

Florence Pieters

This incomplete catalogue of the Leiden collection, initiated by Hermann Schlegel in 1862, was made up of monographs, most of them on birds, treating Schlegel’s systematic apportionment of bird species to what today we would call orders or families. These monographs were grouped for issue several at a time to make up a numbered ‘Livraison’ (or part). The wrappers of

View PDF

Centaurus

Of Names, Labels, and Books in 19th-Century Tuscan Palaeontological Collections

2023 •

Pietro Corsi

In early 19th-century pre-Unity Italy, provincial collectors and provincial experts all faced the same fundamental problem: how to identify specimens. In the fields of geology and palaeontology, the problem was particularly felt in Tuscany, where the Gulf of La Spezia was attracting the attention of prestigious British and French geologists. The hills that plunged into the sea were rich in ammonites, and the complex stratigraphy of the area was the subject of heated debates. Socially diverse networks—local boys, amateur naturalists, rich aristocrats, and professors at the University of Pisa—tried to obtain financial and reputational gain from the commerce and the study of fossils. Yet, the main worry of collectors and naturalists was not the gathering of fossils, but their identification. I argue that putting forward a name that the national and international community would accept and validate required complex negotiations, which were rendered dramatically more difficult by the lack of books and journals in provincial settings. The risk of proposing as new the identification of a fossil already described in the literature loomed large over the daily work of naturalists and collectors. The role of books and printed images in the practice of palaeontological, and natural history collections in general, has too often been neglected.

View PDF
History and value of the malacological collections of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences

1997 •

Thierry Backeljau

View PDF

Quaerendo

De l’argile au nuage : une archéologie des catalogues (II e millénaire av. J.-C. – XXI e siècle) , written by Frédéric Barbier, Thierry Dubois & Yann Sordet

2016 •

Claire Madl

View PDF
Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Marseille

Kees Rookmaaker

View PDF
DUPONT C., LAPORTE L., COURTAUD P., DUDAY H., GRUET Y., 2014– « Personal shell adornments » ? at La Vergne (Charente-Maritime, France): from acquisition to wear.

Catherine Dupont

Dupont C., Laporte L., Courtaud P., Duday H., Gruet Y., 2014– « Personal shell adornments » ? at La Vergne (Charente-Maritime, France): from acquisition to wear. In: Szabó K., Dupont C., Dimitrijevic V., Gastélum Gómez L. G., Serrand N., (eds.), Archaeomalacology: Shells in the Archaeological Record. Proceedings of the 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris - Archaeomalacology Working group, 23-28 August 2010, France, BAR International Series 2666. Archeopress, Oxford, ISBN 978 1 4073 1308 5. 43-52. More than three thousand perforated shells were discovered in association with Early Mesolithic burials (ca. 8500-8000 cal BC) at La Vergne (Charente-Maritime, western France). Despite the status of this excavation (an archaeological rescue operation), the locations of all the artefacts were recorded three dimensionally. This initial information is fundamental to understanding how the shells were associated with the individual human bodies. The determination of species is also important in showing where and how these shells were gathered. The condition of their surfaces allows those marks related to marine erosion, animal and anthropogenic perforations to be distinguished. Identification of use-wear and the degree of wear, in combination with spatial information, permits the reconstruction not only of body ornaments but also of objects associated with them during burial. This paper presents an overview of the different stages in the study of the ornaments from La Vergne, from the excavation to the reconstruction of the original position of the shells.

View PDF
Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Obsessed with shells: John L. Staid-Staadt (1886-1969) as a life-long and ardent collector Abraham S.H. Breure1,2 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels (Belgium) Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O.Box 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden (the Netherlands) ashbreure@protonmail.com 1 2 Abstract – J.L. Staadt (also known as John L. Staid or J.L. Staid-Staadt) was a Frenchman who started collecting shells at a young age. Firstly he collected fossils around Reims until he left for London in 1911. There he started to amass a collection which eventually grew to around 53,000 species by the time of his death. His legacy also includes 15 catalogues, covering the period 1924-1940, which are herein discussed. They present a detailed view on the contents and growth via exchanges of his collection, but are also an archive of personal and social history. Key words – Biography, bibliography, new taxa introduced, eponyms, correspondents. Résumé – J.L. Staadt (aussi connu sous le nom de John L. Staid ou J.L. Staid-Staadt) était un Français qui a commencé à ramasser des coquillages dès son jeune âge. Tout d'abord, il collectionne les fossiles autour de Reims jusqu'à son départ pour Londres en 1911. C'est là qu'il a commencé à amasser une collection qui a fini par atteindre environ 53 000 espèces au moment de sa mort. Son legs comprend également 15 catalogues, couvrant la période 1924-1940, qui sont ici discutés. Ils présentent une vision détaillée du contenu et de l'évolution de sa collection par le biais d'échanges, mais sont aussi des archives de l'histoire personnelle et sociale. Mots clés – Biographie, bibliographie, nouveaux taxons introduits, éponymes, correspondants. Introduction A formal biography of the person mentioned as John L. Staid-Staadt (in COAN & KABAT, 2019: 1406; hereafter JLS) has never appeared. VISKER (1968, translated 1971) seems to be the only person who documented a meeting with this conchologist, and apart from a short obituary note by FISCHER-PIETTE (1969) hardly anything is known about him. He was only indirectly mentioned in a paper on the Bravo collection (MOGOLLÓN AVILA & BREURE, 2009), but recently I had the opportunity to see some documents that came along with his collection to the Paris museum. Quite unexpectedly these documents proved to be full of details, not only about persons with whom JLS was in contact with, but also the expenditures he made in order to gather his collection. These details may be interesting from a historical point of view, as to my knowledge no such detailed accounts have been published for the period involved (1924-1940). Since the documents found can only give a view of the activities during the years covered, additional research was made in an attempt to gather data from the years preceding 1924 and following after 1940. The aim is to present a concise overview of the life and conchological activities of this collector, who seems to have been gathering shells during most of his life and whose activities may be illustrative of amateur cabinet collectors during the first half of the 20th century. Methods The documentation, consisting of 15 books (hereafter ‘catalogues’ and abbreviated JLSxx, with xx the number referring to the year; see Appendix 1), was analysed for contacts and expenditures of JLS. Supplementary data were extracted from VISKER (1968), through archive search, and from literature. It may be noted that JLS wrote each catalogue after the year had ended, often with a delay of more than 12 months (JLS38: 47). However, given the very detailed data presented, it is assumed that JLS compiled each book on the basis of notes made during the year concerned. Museum abbreviations used are Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), and Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)], London (NHM) A brief sketch of his life Despite the assertion in VISKER (1971: 11) that JLS was “originally of British nationality”, he was born as Jean Louis Léon Staadt on 13th November 1886 in Reims, France as the son of Godefroy Staadt and Marguerite Marie Louise Audry. In the ‘Dénombrement de la population 1886’ (made up before the birth of JLS) the family name was written as ‘Staad’, five years later it appeared as ‘Staadt’ as in the birth register -5– Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 (Fig. 1). The family lived in 123, Rue Clovis in Reims until at least 1896, but likely also afterwards (see below). Fig. 1 – Birth certificate of Staadt stating his official first names (Archives départementales de la Marne - Reims (naissances) 1886 - 2E 534/301 - acte n°2581). We do not know how he first got interested in shell collecting, but apparently from a young age he became involved in a circle of local fossil collectors in the Paris Basin around Reims. The well-known and productive palaeontologist Cossmann gave JLS his first eponym in 1901; a sign that they were in contact. BELLEVOYE (1903) mentioned his name as a person, although not a member of the Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, known as being interested in natural history. In an overview of works that got awarded during an exhibition in Reims in 1903, JLS received a “Mention honorable” for a “Liste des fossiles du Thanétien à Châlons-sur-Vesle, Chenay, Merfy, etc.” (ANONYMOUS, 1904). The earliest reference to his malacological activities is from around the same time when he is acknowledged by LHOMME (1905: 54) for his help with identifications of fossils. In 1906 JLS was mentioned as collecting fossils around Reims (LHOMME, 1908: 9), and also in GUILLAUME (1907: 5). In 1907 he corresponded with Dautzenberg in Paris (BREURE, 2015: 4, fig. 59). In 1908 he described his first new species, Latirus (Latirulus) lhommei, a fossil Buccinid; PACAUD (2000) reported on the rediscovery of the holotype and manuscript. From LHOMME (1905) it becomes clear that Staadt and Cossmann were in close contact and he introduced a number of taxa in Cossmann’s papers (see also below). LE RENARD (1992) has made comments on the species introduced by JLS in the 1913 publications of Cossmann. He left Rheims in 1911 with a collection of 1,800 specimens (JLS28: 256) for England, where he took the name ‘John L. Staid’. As a consequence his name can be found in the literature either as Staadt, Staid, or Staid-Staadt (Fig. 2). Presumably he went directly to London and in the Civil Registration Marriage Index 1837-1915 we find him under his official French name (Jean L.L. Staadt) married to Wilhelmine H. Weber in Islington during the Registration Quarter July-September 1912. VISKER (1971) reported “after completion of his [JLS] studies he worked for several years at the British Museum. At the time he was attached as an assistant to the Department of Mollusca, he came in touch personally with the world famous collections (…). It was here that the solid foundation was laid for his later scientific work”. Research in the NHM archives, however, did not reveal any mention of him in official documents. “He may well have been here as a temporary or even unpaid assistant, but unfortunately we have very few records of those type of staff. He does not appear to have been officially employed by the Museum” (email from C. Silberman [NHM archives] -6– Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 to K. Way [Mollusca curator], 12 November 2008). From the early catalogues it is clear that he frequently visited the NHM for checking identifications; here he became into contact with e.g., Cooper, Davey, Hann, Peile, and Tomlin (see Appendix II). In the London City Directory for 1925 his address was given as 111, Arlington Street and his occupation was mentioned as ‘ticket writer’ [a person who hand painted signs advertising goods or services for sale; such signs were displayed in shop windows to attract passing trade (HEWITT & HEWITT, 2011)]. Fig. 2 – J.L. Staadt at unknown age (probably early 1930s) (Dautzenberg archive, Brussels). He returned to Reims on 23rd June 1930 (JLS39: 39) to live at the previous address, at 123, rue Clovis, and probably shortly afterwards became a member of the Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims; he was listed as “Membre titulaire” at the beginning of 1933, and no occupation was given (ANONYMOUS, 1933). His wife suddenly died, while they were visiting London, on 27th July 1933. He re-married on 14th April 1934 in Islington, London to Maria R.J. Pajares y Fernández. By the end of 1938 his wife decided to leave him (JLS38: 44). Mid 1939 she returned, to finally leave him in March 1940 (JLS40: 17). -7– Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 After the war he is listed as “Membre d’honneur” of the Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, and his occupation is given as “Malacologiste” (ANONYMOUS, 1948). It is not known in which year JLS was awarded this honoured title. In later years he appears to have returned to his youthful love, the fossils. Together with a Spanish palaeontologist he published several papers in the 1960s, including some new taxa. He died, after a long illness, on 11th July 1969 in Reims. The catalogues and collection The catalogues are all handwritten on (white or coloured) pages that vary somewhat in size over the period examined. Catalogues are present for the year 1924-1928, 1931-1940. It is assumed that the missing years during this period were originally also present (at least there are references in the remaining ones to catalogues for 1923, 1929 and 1930), but have since been lost. It is not known if similar catalogues have been made for earlier or later years. The text is written in English, also for those years that JLS was living in France. The structure of each catalogue is roughly the same: activities and correspondence is being presented in a chronological manner, followed in some years by “My own collecting”, a section on fossils, on literature, and a final summary section on expenditures with a conclusion. The conclusions are transcribed in Appendix I, together with a figure of the summary table(s). These catalogues give a detailed overview of the species treated by JLS during a certain year, often with the original letters or lists of specimens received pasted in between the pages. Regularly drawings are also pasted in this way or glued to the pages itself. Despite the fact that earlier and later catalogues are currently absent, close reading of the text has revealed that JLS built up his collection in the years before 1911 and from 1918 onwards. In 1908/1909 he already exchanged “215 specimens of Tertiary mollusks of France” with the Washington museum (RATHBUN, 1909), and “Eocänfossilien aus Frankreich” with the Vienna museum (STEINDACHNER, 1908, 1909), while WOODWARD (1909) reported on “Two hundred and ten species of Mollusca from the Lower Eocene (Thanetian) of France, collected and named by Monsieur L. Staadt” deposited in the Geological Department of the London Museum. WOODWARD (1913) later mentioned again “French teriary shells (L. Staadt Coll.)”. In 1920 he was mentioned as one of the donors of material to the Department of Zoology at the British Museum (Natural History) (TATE REGAN, 1921: 125). SCHLOSSER (1922) referred to material collected by Staadt in the Berlin museum. During his years in London, JLS bought several times at the Stevens’ Auction House, e.g., shells from the former collections of H. Champ, P. Lawson, J.M. Williams (all 1926) and Paterson (1924). Although JLS complained during the mid-1930s that the accretion was very slow, by 1940 his collection had reached about 29,000 species. We may safely assume that he continued to exchange in order to enlarge the collection, as evidenced e.g. by TORTONESE (1960: xix). In 1959 his collection was reported to comprise 32,000 species (Anonymous, 1960a). He transferred his collection in different parts to the MNHN (ANONYMOUS, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960b). After his death the rest of the collection was presented to the MNHN, consisting in total of 53,000 species of marine and non-marine shells, all with determinations (ANONYMOUS, 1970: 39). Contacts Although this survey is necessarily incomplete, the documents show that JLS had been in contact with both amateur cabinet collectors, dealers and museum staff members (curators or researchers). Not all of them are listed in COAN & KABAT (2019); see also Appendix II. Their addresses were obtained from other correspondents, from editions of The Naturalist’s Directory, and by placing advertisements in selected local newspapers (Jamaica, Senegal, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tasmania) and in some malacological journals (Archiv für Molluskenkunde, Journal de Conchyliologie, The Nautilus) (Fig. 3). Contacts are arranged according to these three categories and per geographical area, with the years that they were mentioned in the catalogues (additional names mentioned in VISKER (1968) are marked with an asterisk): -8– Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 3 – Advertisements in newspapers and journals. A. Ceylon Observer (1924). B. Week-end Natal Advertiser (1924). C. The Nautilus (1931). D. Journal de Conchyliologie (1951). Amateur collectors: Europe: [Austria] A. Edlauer (1938), F. Käufel (1926), A. Oberwimmer (1926-1927), L.P. Rušnov (1932), O. von Troll*; [Belgium] E. Hostie (1939); [Denmark] H. Schlesch (1926); [France] H. Allix (1936-1937), A. Carré (1934), A.L. Chavan (1939), G. Couprie (1936), Ph. Dautzenberg (1932-1933), V. Demange (1931), M. Felten (1933-1938), A. Fenaux (1933-1939), E. Robert (1933), Ph. Rousseau (1927-1928); [Germany] W. Blume (1937-1938), W. Boeckel (1937-1938), H. Friedrich (1934), S.I. Jaeckel (1936-1937), L.P. Oppenheim*; [Italy] R. Del Prete (1928-1931), D. Graziadei (1937), T. Monterosato*; F. Sacco*; G. Umani (1926); [Netherlands] A.N.C. ten Broek (1939), P. Kaas (1939); [Poland] A. Jankowski (1931), A. Sitsch (1935-1939), J. Sprick (1926), J. Urbanski (1935-1938); [Slovenia] L. Kuscer (1934); [Spain] J.J. Albeniz (1934), E. Alonso (1934-1935), D. Arnaíz (1934), Farrés i Malian*; [Sweden] B. Sundler (1927-1940); [U.K.] H.E.J. Biggs (1937), L.R. Brightwell (1925), J.E. Cooper (1926-1927), W.J. Davey (1926), W.J. Gyngell (19241928), L.C. Hann (1926-1927), J.A. Hargreaves (1926), L. Lindsay (1924-1925), E. Lockwood Thompson (1924), L.W. Packer (1925-1926), A.J. Peile (1924-1925), L.R. Stevens (1924-1928), L.F. Thompson (1924), J.R. le B. Tomlin (1924), G.L. Wilkins (1926). Americas: [Argentina] M. Fernández (1924); [Brazil] F.D. da Rocha (1925-1926); [Colombia] Apolinar María (1925-1926); [Cuba] G.R. Hugues (1934), M.L. Jaume (1935); [Jamaica] Sanftleben (1924); [Martinique] L.M. Stöhr (1927); [Panama] J. Zetek (1932); [Peru] J. Bravo Sr. & Jr. (1924-1928); [U.S.A.] C.C. Allen (1926), F. Baker (1924), F.C. Baker (1926), B.R. Bales (1935-1939), M.S. Briscoe (1939), W.L. Brown (1933), T.A. Burch (1935-1940), W.E. Burnett (1932), M.E. Caruthers (1927), E.P. Chace (1924-1926), J.H. Clarke (1939), D.L. Emery (1924), C.C. Engberg (1925-1926), W.H. Eshnaur (1928-1933), P.D. Ford (1937), W.O. Gregg (1924), F.K. Hadley (1940), H.W. Hill (1925), E.E. Hobbs (1925-1927), E.C. Huffman (1938-1939), R.W. Jackson (1924-1931), F.R. Kirtland (1936), A. Koto (1938), N.W. Lermond (1925), H.N. Lowe (1924-1925), C.F. Mant (1924), W.G. Mazÿck (1925), P.L. McGinty (1931-1934), C.D. Nelson (1935), W.G. Parris (1931), W.E. Poland (1936), F.M. Reed (1928), P.S. Remington (1924-1925), R.C. Rush (1932), J.S. Schwengel (1938), R.E. Sharon (1933), M. Smith (1936), V.D.P. Spicer (1932), H.B. Stenzel (1931), D. Thaanum (1926), F.R. Tobleman (1926), F.S. Webber (1931-1938), W.H. Weeks (1924-1925), C.E. White (1925), J.E. Whitmore (1933-1934), M.L. Winslow (1926-1927); [Uruguay] L.P. Barattini (1936-1937), M. Fernández (1924). -9– Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Africa: [Algeria] P. Pallary (1927-1936); [Mauritius] J.M.R.M. Viader (1939); [South Africa] V. Beltrani (1931), J. Halifax (1924), I. Hohl (1924-1925), W.M. McKee (1924), C.B. Newdigate (1924-1925), S. Rudd (1924), K.H. Snow (1924); [Tunesia] P. Bédé (1933-1936). Australia/Asia: [Australia] C. Barrett (1925), E.H. Bardwell (1926-1927), J.H. Gatliff (1924), C.A. Pitman (1924-1925), N.R. Ridler (1925-1927), Ch. Walton (1926); [New Zealand] D.H. Baker (1935), A.E. Brookes (1928-1933), N.E. Drier (1928), A.W.B. Powell (1926-1939), A.G. Stevenson (1934); [Philippines] C.F. Baker (1924-1927), R. Fortecha (1936), J.A. Pollock (1924); [Sri Lanka] C. Pieris (1924-1925), S.L.M. Thaha (1924), A.C. Tuckniss (1924). Unknown country: A.J. Brown (?-1924), E. Court (?-1924), G. French (?-1924), H.W. Hermann (1939), W.R.B. Oliver (?-1924), G.S. Perez (?-1924), V.H. Veley (1928). Dealers: E.C. Barbon (1927) [Philippines]; W.J. Eyerdam (1933-1937) [U.S.A.], H.C. Fulton (1926-1933) [U.K.]; P. Géret* [France]; C.J. Maynard (1928) [U.S.A.]; P. de la Mesa (1932-1934) [Philippines]; H. Rolle (1924-1928) [Germany]; V.F. Saxton (1937), F.A. Ward (1928), W.F. Webb (1927-1928) [U.S.A.]. Museum staff: Ch. Bayer, R. Horst, A.L.J. Sunier (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, Netherlands; 1923-1949); T. van Benthem Jutting (Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 19281934); P. Bermúdez (Museo Poey, Universidad de Habana, Cuba; 1927-1928); S.T. Brooks (Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, U.S.A.; 1940); W.J. Clench (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, U.S.A.; 19251934); M. Doello Jurado (University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 1927-1928); J. Henderson, H.G. Rodeck (University of Colorado, Denver, U.S.A.; 1924-1935); M. Keen (Stanford University, Stanford, U.S.A.; 1939-1940); E.S. Marks (Paterson Museum, Paterson, U.S.A.; 1925-1926); G. Mermod (Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland; 1926); I.S. Oldroyd (Stanford University, Stanford, U.S.A.; 1924); C. de la Torre (Museo Poey, Universidad de Habana, Cuba; 1927); T.H. Van Hyning (Florida State Museum, Gainesville, U.S.A.); Miss M.L. Winslow (Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, U.S.A.; 1926). Financial aspects In the several catalogues still preserved JLS frequently gives the impression that almost all of his time was spent on his collection. From this data we must assume he had an income from some other source but, however, very few details are preserved. From his years in London we have only his expenditures on his collection, which amounted during the five years from 1924-1928 to a total of £ 52 0s. 14d. or € 2,725.32 in purchasing power of consumer goods in 2015 values (amounts are for the Swedish situation, but provided a country’s power parity is comparable to Sweden, this gives a reasonable account over time also for other countries; EDVINSSON, 2016). See Table 1 and Figs 4-8. Back in Reims JLS lived in the house of his father until he died in 1940. From his catalogue notes in that year we know he received rent from five tenants (totalling FF 3,289.05 ~ € 805 in 2015; EDVINSSON, 2016). In earlier years JLS only gave in the financial summary, the income of English and Spanish lessons he gave, which varied from year to year. During the years 1931-1940 he spent FF 8,405.90 (or € 4,972.76 in 2015 value) on the enlargement of his collection. This brings the total expenditure for the years covered by the extant catalogues up to € 7,698.08 (2015 value) for a growth from about 7,000 (at the start of 1924) to 29,050 species (end of 1940) being represented in his collection (JLS25: 138 respectively JLS40: 18). Bibliography It was somewhat of a surprise to find references to taxa that JLS had introduced. Zoological Record did not reveal any during an initial search, but secondary literature disclosed their existence (LE RENARD, 1992). A more scrupulous search subsequently revealed additional data. The first mention of his name is as a collector (COSSMANN, 1901: 109). JLS appeared to have been published mainly ‘in disguise’ (in COSSMANN, 1913; COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1907-1913) during his youth, and later on as co-author in rather obscure journals. However, he was frequently mentioned by authors who referred to his collecting efforts, expertise or collection (e.g., COSSMANN, 1903, 1906; GUILLAUME, 1907; DE BOURY, 1910; FISCHER-PIETTE et al., 1962; - 10 – Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 NUTTALL & COOPER, 1973; FISCHER, 1964; GOFAS, 1989; VON COSEL, 1992; VIDAL, 1999; GOFAS & BEU, 2002; OLIVER & ROLÁN, 2008). His bibliography, arranged in chronological order, can be summarised as follows (the original author names are quoted): STAADT L. 1908a. Description d’une nouvelle espèce (Lathyrus Lhommei). Bulletin de la Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, 17: 39–42. STAADT L. 1908b. Causes d’erreurs dans la détermination de Alatacea. Bulletin de Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, 17: 50–56 [+ 3 plates]. STAADT L. 1908c. Rectification de nomenclatures. Revue critique paléozoologie Paris, 12: 220. STAADT L. 1909. Rectifications de nomenclatures. Revue critique paléozoologie Paris, 13: 68. STAADT J.L. 1948. Observation sur Marginella pulchella Kiener et M. Pulchella auct. Journal de Conchyliologie, 88 (4): 149–150. STAADT J.L. 1956. Observations on the subgeneric classification of Calliostoma. Journal de Conchyliologie, 90: 119–120. FARRÉS MALIAN F. & STAID-STAADT J.L. 1964. Las correlaciones faciales del Lediense y su fauna de moluscos en la Comarca de Vich. Ausa, 5 (48–49): 41–77, pls 1–7, map. FARRÉS MALIAN F. & STAID-STAADT J.L. 1967. Moluscos eocenos de la comarca de Vic (Barcelona). Acta geológica hispánica, 2 (5): 111–114. FARRÉS MALIAN F. & STAID-STAADT J.L.† 2009. Cipreidos gigantes del Eoceno Catalán. Batellaria, 14: 57–66. New taxa All new taxa introduced by JLS are fossil (†); replacement names are marked with *: † acuta, Sphenia Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 62 fig. 18-17. † acuticostata, Muricopsis Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 64 fig. 169bis-7 (as acuticostus). † aratus, Fusus Staadt in COSSMANN, 1913: 193, pl. 3 fig. 201-6. † arctata, Siphonalia Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 65 fig. 186-24. † arctoplicata, Pleurotoma (Eopleurotoma) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 52 fig. 224-41. † bayaniaformis, Melania Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 72, pl. 2 figs 1, 1a, 2. †* binominatus, Murex STAADT, 1909: 68. † bisculptus, Spondylus Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 69, pl. 1 figs 1, 1a, 3, 3a, 3b, 4, 4a, 5, 5a. † boschi, Arca (Arca) Staid-Staadt in FARRÉS MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 68, pl. 6 figs 2, 2a. † brevispirata, Leptothyra (Otaulax) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 fig. 23-3. † canaligera, Athleta athletha var. Staadt in COSSMANN, 1913: 197, pl. 6 fig. 205-9’. † casacubertae, Corbis Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 70, pl. 7 figs 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. † casacubertae, Melania (Melanathia) Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1967: 114, pl. 1 figs 10, 11. † coarctata, Rissoa (Onoba) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 64 fig. 95-9. †* collaborata, Drillia STAADT, 1908c: 220. † consobrina, Odontostomia Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 fig. 44-27. † consumpta, Corbula Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 62 fig. 20-26. † convoluta, Rillyia Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 60 fig. 274-6. † cossmanni, Chenopus (Arrhoges) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 65 fig. 153-4. † crispulus, Tenagodus Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 72, pl. 2 figs 7, 7a, 7b, 7c. † cylindroides, Carychium (Carychiopsis) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 58 fig. 2551. † depressiuscula, Neritina Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 fig. 39-13. †* doncieuxi, Solarium STAADT, 1909: 68. † expansa, Leda Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 fig. 105-7. † farresi, Calliostoma Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 70, pl. 4 figs 8, 8b, 8c. - 11 – Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 † farresi, Potamides Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 74, pl. 4 figs 4, 5, 6, 7. † farresi, Trochus Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 70, pl. 2 figs 3, 4, 5, 6. † funigera, Admeta (Bonellitia) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 48 fig. 212ter-9. † gibberosa, Teredina Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 62 fig. 6-3. † giganteum, Terebellum Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 75, pl. 6 figs 1, 2, 3. † gracilis, Lyria Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 65 fig. 207-7. † guttoides, Sveltella Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 47 fig. 212bis-7. † hypermeces, Glandina Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 59 fig. 263-9. † ibericus, Melanoides Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 73, pl. 5 figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. † jongeriacensis, Kellya Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 fig. 89-19. † joncheryacensis, Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 52 figs 224-39, 224-39’. † junyenti, Potamides Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 75, pl. 4 figs 1, 2, 3. † laciniosa, Miocardia Staadt in COSSMANN, 1913: 55. † lhommei, Lathyrus STAADT, 1908a: 39. † microscopica, Lacuna Staadt in COSSMANN, 1913: 134. † mirabilis, Discora Staadt in COSSMANN, 1913: 76, pl. 1 fig. 71-3. † moloti, Acirsa (Arcirsella) coelata var. Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 figs 56-10, 56-10’. † moloti, Cardium (Trachycardium) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 fig. 69-29. † moloti, Laubriereia Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 fig. 90-5. † paricostatula, Arca Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 68, pl. 1 figs 2, 2a, 2b. † plateaui, Turricula (Fusimitra) Staadt in COSSMANN, 1913: 195, pl. 3 fig. 202ter-13. † pourcyensis, Pasitheoia Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 64 fig. 115-4. † praecognita, Tellina (Peronaea) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 62 fig. 35-48. † pratdesabae, Faunus (Melanatria) Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 73, pl. 7 figs 1, 1a, 1b. † primaeva, Odontostomia consobrina var. Staadt in COSSMANN, 1913: pl. 63 fig. 44-15’. † Pseudocancilla Staadt in COSSMANN, 1913: 194. Type species by original designation: Mitra restifera Staadt in Cossmann, 1913. † quinquesundata, Anomya Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1967: 111, pl. 1 figs 1, 2, 3. † restifera, Mitra (Pseudocancilla) Staadt in COSSMANN, 1913: 195, pl. 3 fig. 202-24. † rotundior, Velates vicensis var. Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 71, pl. 3 figs 5, 6, 6a, 6b, 7, 7, 8a, 10. †* saccoi, Cerithium STAADT, 1909: 68. † scaphandroides, Roxania Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 55 fig. 242-5 [sic, 242-12]. † scholi, Diastoma Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1967: 114, pl. 1 figs 8, 9. † soluta, Berellaia Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 fig. 77-5. † spirata, Acera Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 55 fig. 244-2. † squamosa, Neritina (Odontostoma) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 fig. 38-11. † sulcosuturalis, Bayania Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 64 fig. 121-25. † veslense, Cardium (Plagiocardium) Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 63 fig. 69-30. † vicensis, Velates Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1964: 71, pl. 3 figs 1, 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 9. † vicetiana, Gisortia FARRÉS MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 2009: 59, pls 2-4. † vicina, Bithinia Staadt in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 64 fig. 91-5. † villatae, Clavilithes (Rhopalithes) Staid-Staadt in FARRES MALIAN & STAID-STAADT, 1967: 112, pl. 1 figs 4, 5, 6, 7. See for details on some of these taxa, e.g., CALZADA & VIA (1987), LE RENARD (1992, 1994), CARRASCO (1994), MARQUET (1997), VALDES & HEROS (1998), PACAUD (2000), VIDAL (2005). † Odontostomia perglobosa is in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: 16) ascribed to Staadt, but in the legend of plate 63 to Cossmann; we consider the latter to be correct. Eponyms The following eponyms dedicated to JLS were found: † Fusinus staadti LE RENARD, 1994: 37. † Genotia staadti Cossmann in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 1 fig. 219-4. - 12 – Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 † Lacuna staadti COSSMANN, 1907: 234, pl. 8 fig. 110-41. † Macropsammus staadti Cossmann in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 52 Supplément fig. 424. † Maussenetia staadti COSSMANN, 1903: 71; COSSMANN, 1907: 248, pl. 5 fig. 153bis-1. † Monodonta staadti COSSMANN, 1907: 209, pl. 7 fig. 22-4, pl. 8 fig. 22-4. † Nautilus staadti COSSMANN, 1901: 108, pl. 7 figs 5-6. † Nystia (Staadtiella) SCHLIKUM, 1968: 45. † Nystia (Staadtiellopsis) SCHLIKUM, 1968: 45. † Perna staadti COSSMANN, 1907: 202, pl. 9 fig. 122-3. † Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) staadti Cossmann in COSSMANN & PISSARRO, 1913 [1907–1913]: pl. 52 fig. 224-40. † Rhinoclavis (Semivertagus) staadti COSSMANN, 1907: 244, pl. 7 fig. 137ter-9, pl. 8 fig. 137ter-9. † Rissoina clavula var. staadti COSSMANN, 1907: 229, pl. 9 fig. 100-1’. † Solarium staadti COSSMANN, 1907: 231, pl. 7 fig. 104-22. † Staadtia SCHLICKUM, 1961: 63. † Timoclea staadti FISCHER-PIETTE & VUKADINOVIC, 1977: 76, pl. 10 figs 105-110. † Triforis (Epetrium) staadti COSSMANN, 1907: 246, pl. 9 fig. 146-19. † Vermetus (Vermicularia) staadti COSSMANN, 1907: 240, pl. 8 fig. 131-16. Discussion JLS was born outside of an academic milieu and we have no evidence of any formal education, although given his evidently good mastering of languages it is probable he had some. How he became interested in fossils, engaged in the circles of the Société d’étude des Sciences naturelles de Reims, and came into contact with Cossmann remains, however, unknown. JLS lived in a time when there was already a clear distinction between professionals (museum staff) and amateurs (authoring and non-authoring cabinet collectors). Although he is sometimes considered as an amateur whose collection is of little scientific interest (P. Bouchet, pers. commun.), from the analysis of the catalogues (Conclusions: Appendix I) it becomes evident that JLS was rather obsessed with constantly enlarging his collection with new species. Not in the sense of new species new to science, but trying to expand his understanding of faunas from different parts of the world, and in the end to organise his collection into a “museum” (JLS39: 36). However, when Staadt received the same species from several correspondents, he merged the lots into a new lot, and his collection label listed the different localities into a "combined locality” (P. Bouchet, pers. commun.). Of course this has considerably diminished the value of his material - by his own fault. Remarkably he authored only a few publications, predominantly on fossils during his early years but also later on. In the meantime he concentrated on bringing together a world-wide collection, mainly of Recent shells. First he seemed primarily interested in large and ‘showy’ species, during later years he often remarked that the new species for his collection were but small and not very ‘showy’. At the same time it is clear that the growth of his collection slowed down during later years, but nevertheless he had in 1940 amassed an enormous collection over nearly 30 years. Initially the Staadt collection was to be kept separate from the rest of the MNHN collection. When the Staadt collection arrived in MNHN, Fischer-Piette (then head of malacology) purposely used boxes of a slightly different format than for the rest of the collection - to be sure that the Staadt lots would not be mixed. In fact they later were. When analysing the list of correspondents (Appendix II), it is striking that in many cases they were either older or much younger. In the latter situation the contact was often only once, which could be explained that the correspondent’s collection was not yet sizeable and, from the point of view of JLS, had little to satisfy his constant urge for new species for his collection. On the other hand, when his correspondent was older, “it may be said that I arrived rather late or in other words that I started exchanging with a correspondent when he had already either given away the best of his material or spent out the greater portion of his life” (JLS36: 10). “It becomes, indeed, somewhat discouraging for both parties when, after dedicating considerable time + work to writing out long lists + letters, the result achieved hardly repays for the cost of mail + parcel postage” (JLS34: 50). As a result his contact with the majority of his correspondents was only short during the period analysed, with the exception of but a few persons. - 13 – Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 The key challenge of collecting, and of establishing a collection, is how to bring spatially dispersed objects to a central location and make them commensurable (STRASSER, 2012). Analysis of the catalogues shows that it was not uncommon to ship parcels containing hundreds of shells all over the world. While most of them were not of specific scientific value, it is remarkable that in the list of duplicates of several correspondents also topotypes, co-types and paratypes of new species were offered. This was especially evident in lists from both museum staff and some dealers (e.g. Fulton, Webb). Given the often detailed provenance data (citing the original source or cabinet collector from whom the specimens were acquired) in the catalogues, it is certainly possible to reconstruct a detailed network between the JLS correspondents and other contemporary malacologists. This further study is, however, beyond the scope of the present paper. Conclusion JLS was as cabinet collector one of the actors in a complex network (‘web of transfer’) in which a multiplicity of persons played different roles: field collector, amateur cabinet collector, dealer, museum curator or staff member. From a social science point of view all actors were engaged in transforming and co-creating shells into objects for study and knowledge transfer (cf. LAW, 1992; BYRNE et al., 2011). And JLS must have been an obsessive one, as evidenced by his documentation, who was constantly eager to enlarge his collection. Why he has chosen to remain more a ‘stamp collector’ than use his collection as a study base and source for publications, like he did in his young and old ages, will remain a mystery. But his efforts have resulted in an enormous collection and a rich source for further studies. Despite everything, he remained “a modest, lonely worker in malacology” (VISKER, 1968). Acknowledgements First of all I like to express my sincerest thanks to Valérie Héros and Philippe Maestraeti (Paris) for allowing me access to the Staid-Staadt documentation, and to Corinne Bolze and Marie Hennion for making some additional photos and scans from this documentation. Jonathan Ablett helped with photographing the catalogues during our 2017 visit to MNHN, and with information about historical data in London (NHM archives and access to the London Metropolitan Archives); he also made linguistic suggestions on a previous draft of this manuscript for which I am most grateful. Thanks are also due to Cédric Audibert (Lyon) who helped with biographical research for French persons, and to Philippe Bouchet for his comments which improved this paper. References AGUIRRE-URRETA B. & CAMACHO H.H., 2011. Martín Doello Jurado y la enseñanza de la Paleontología en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 68 (3): 329–336. ANONYMOUS, 1904. Liste des ouvrages ou collections d’histoire naturelle ayant figuré à l’Exposition de Reims en 1903 et concernant notre région. Bulletin de la Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, 13: 45– 49. ANONYMOUS, 1933. Membres au 1er Janvier 1933. Bulletin de Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, (Nouvelle Série) 10: iv–ix. ANONYMOUS, 1942. Ida Shepard Oldroyd. The Nautilus, 55 (2): 140–141. ANONYMOUS, 1948. [Member list]. Bulletin de Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, (Troisième Série) 1: 9–12. ANONYMOUS, 1953. Travaux faits dans les laboratoires du Muséum pendant l’année 1952. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, (sér. 2) 25: 10–67. ANONYMOUS, 1956. Travaux faits dans les laboratoires du Muséum pendant l’année 1955. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, (sér. 2) 28: 8–68. ANONYMOUS, 1958. Travaux faits dans les laboratoires du Muséum pendant l’année 1957. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, (sér. 2) 30: 10–67. ANONYMOUS, 1959. Travaux faits dans les laboratoires du Muséum pendant l’année 1958. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, (sér. 2) 31: 9–69. ANONYMOUS, 1960a. Liste des Correspondants du Muséum nommés en 1959. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, (sér. 2) 32: 5–7. - 14 – Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 ANONYMOUS, 1960b. Travaux faits dans les laboratoires du Muséum pendant l’année 1959. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, (sér. 2) 32: 8–60. ANONYMOUS, 1970. Travaux faits dans les laboratoires et accroissement des collections du Muséum pendant l’année 1969. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, (sér. 2) 42: 8–60. ANONYMOUS, 2014. Nicolas Seiler F.S.C. (Hermano Apolinar María). Available at http://www.accefyn.com/sp/academicos/Nicolas_Seiler_F_S_C_Hermano_Apolinar_Maria.htm (accessed 27 February 2019). ANONYMOUS, 2017. Brief history of the Museum. Available at https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/about/history/ (accessed 27 February 2019). ANONYMOUS, 2019. Francisco Dias da Rocha. Available at https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Dias_da_Rocha (accessed 27 February 2019). BAILEY, J.L. Jr., 1938. Doctor Fred Baker. The Nautilus, 52 (2): 64–66. BAILEY, J.L. Jr., 1962. Maxwell Smith, 1888-1961. The Nautilus, 76 (1): 33–34. BELLEVOYE, L., 1903. Procès-Verbal de la Séance du 8 Novembre 1903. Bulletin de la Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, 12: xli–xliv. BIGGS, H.E.J., 1936. Collecting mollusca on the Iranian Plateau. The Nautilus, 50 (1): 8–13. BIGGS, H.E.J., 1963. Obituary. Hans Schlesch, 1891-1962. Journal of Conchology, 25 (5): 202–203. BLOK, A., 1957. Guy L. Wilkins, 1905-1957. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 32: 213–214. BÖSSNECK, U. & BÖSSNECK, K., 2009. Werner Boeckel (1909-1941) – zum 100. Geburtstag eines Erfurter Malakozoologen. Vernate, 28: 5–9. BOURY, E. DE, 1910. Étude sur les sous-genres de Scalidae, vivants et fossiles. Partie II. Monographie des Gyroscala. Partie III. Monographie des Circuloscala. Journal de Conchyliologie, 58: 212–260. BREURE, A.S.H., 2015. The malacological handwritings in the autograph collection of the Ph. Dautzenberg archives, Brussels. Folia Conchyliologica, 33: 1–111. BREURE, A.S.H. & ABLETT, J.D., 2016. — The ‘Demange drawings’: known and unknown malacological contributions of Victor Demange (1870-1940). Folia Conchyliologica, 36: 1–9. BROOKS, S.T., 1934. William Elliott Burnett, 1872-1933. The Nautilus, 47 (4): 143–144. BURCH, J.B., 1963. Mina L. Winslow, 1890- 1982. Malacological Review, 16: 133–134. BYRNE, S., CLARKE, A., HARRISON, R. & TORRENCE, R., 2011. Networks, agents and objects: Frameworks for unpacking museum collections: 3–26. In: BYRNE, S., CLARKE, A., HARRISON, R. & TORRENCE, R. (eds.) Unpacking the collection: Networks of material and social agency in the museum. Springer, New York. CALZADA, S. & VIA, L., 1987. Sobre el gasteropodo eocenico Melanoides ibericus. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, Sección Geológica, 82 (1–4): 103–111. CARRASCO, J.F., 1994. El genero Spondylus en el Eoceno del noreste de la Peninsula Iberica. Scripta Musei Geologici Seminarii Barcinonensis, 226: 3–24. CARTER, A.M., 2018. Classics revisited: Miguel Fernández on germ layer inversion and specific polyembryony in armadillos. Placenta, 61: 55–60. CERNOHORSKY, W.O., 1988. Arthur William Baden Powell (1901–1987) A brief biography and bibliography with a list of molluscan taxa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 25: 1–38. CLENCH, W.J. & TURNER, R.D., 1962. New names introduced by H.A. Pilsbry in the Mollusca and Crustacea. Special Publication Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 4: 1–218. COAN, E.V. & KABAT, A.R., 2019. 2,400 years of malacology, 16th ed.: 1–1710. Available at https://ams.wildapricot.org/2400-Years-of-Malacology (accessed 27 February 2019). COCKERELL, T.D.A., 1938. Junius Henderson. The Nautilus, 51 (3): 97–99. COSEL, R. VON, 1992. “Solen rosaceus” – three species. The Veliger, 35 (4): 366–380. - 15 – Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 COSSMANN, M., 1901. Appendice No. 3 au Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l’Éocène des environs de Paris. Annales de la Société royale zoologique et malacologique de Belgique, 36: 9–110. COSSMANN, M., 1903. Essais de Paléoconchologie comparée, 5. Cossmann & De Rudeval, Paris: 215 pp. COSSMANN, M., (‘1906’) 1907. Appendice No. 4 au Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l’Éocène des environs de Paris. Annales de la Société royale zoologique et malacologique de Belgique, 41: 186–286. COSSMANN, M., 1913. Appendice no. 5 au Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l’Éocène des environs de Paris. Annales de la Société royale zoologique et malacologique de Belgique, 49: 19–238. COSSMANN, M. & PISSARRO, G., 1907–1913. Iconographie complète des coquilles fossiles de l’Eocène des environs de Paris, II: Scaphopodes, Gastropodes, Céphalopodes, Brachiopodes et suppléments. Hermann, Paris: [ii +] 1–20, pls I–LXV. [pls I–IX: 1907; pls X–XXV: 1910; pls XXVI–XLV: 1911; pls XLVI–LXV: 1913, according to LE RENARD, 1992]. CROWLEY, T.E., 1973. Obituary. Herbert Edwin James Biggs 1895-1973. Journal of Conchology, 28: 131–132. DOLLFUS, G.-F., 1925. Notice nécrologique sur Maurice Cossmann, avec un résumé de ses travaux paléntologiques. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, (sér. 4) 25 (7– 8): 627–678. EDVINSSON, R., 2016. Historical currency converter (test version 1.0). Available https://www.historicalstatistics.org/Currencyconverter.html (accessed 12 February 2019). EMERY, D.L., 1934. Charles Curry Allen. The Nautilus, 48 (1): 31–33. on ENGEL, H., FEEN, P.J., VAN DER & REGTEREN ALTENA, C.O. VAN, 1964. The life of Woutera S.S. van Benthem Jutting; Bibliography and list of new names. Beaufortia, 11 (130): 1–21. EWAN, J., 1957. Guy L. Wilkins: an appreciation. The Nautilus, 71(1): 35–36, iii. FARGO, W.G., 1950. Daniel Littlefield Emery. The Nautilus, 64 (2): 61–62. FISCHER, J.-C., 1964. Deux Pulmonés nouveaux du Paléocène de Cernay-les-Reims (Marne). Annales de la Société geologique du Nord, 84: 73–75. FISCHER-PIETTE, E., 1969. Nécrologie: J.L. Stadt [sic]. Journal de Conchyliologie, 107: 147. FISCHER-PIETTE, E., GAILLARD, J.-M. & KISCH, B.S., 1962. Les variations, du Nord au Sud, de Gibbula cineraria L. et ses rapports avec Calliostoma strigosum Gmel. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, (sér. A Zoologie) 28 (1): 1–32. FISCHER-PIETTE, E. & VUKADINOVIC, D., 1977. Suite des révisions des Veneridae (Moll. Lamellibr.) Chioninae, Samaranginae et complément aux Venus. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, (sér. A Zoologie) 106: 1–186. GEORGE, W., 2009. Noteworthy naturalist. Alfred Jamer Peile (1868-1948) Artillery Officer, Malacologist and Conchologist. Available at http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Noteworthy+naturalist/s/16 (accessed 27 February 2019). GOFAS, S., 1989. Le genre Volvarina (Marginellidae) dans la Méditerranée et l’Atlantique du Nord Est. Bolletino malacologico, 25 (5–8): 159–182. GOFAS, S. & BEU, A., 2002. Tonnoidean gastropods of the North Atlantic Seamounts and the Azores. American Malacological Bulletin, 17 (1/2): 91–108. GRIFFITHS, O.L. & FLORENS, V.F.B., 2006. A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Rodrigues and Réunion) and the Northern Dependencies of Mauritius. Bioculture Press, Mauritius: xvi + 185 pp . GUILLAUME, A., 1907. Le Thanétien inférieur. Bulletin de la Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, 16: 3–6. GYNGELL, W., 1929. Obituary notice: J.A. Hargreaves. Journal of Conchology, 18: 325–326. HARRY, H.W., 1981. Henryk Bronislaw Stenzel (1899-1980). The Nautilus, 95 (1): 1. HEWITT, J. & HEWITT, P.J., 2011. Dictionary of old occupations. Available on https://www.familyresearcher.co.uk/glossary/Dictionary-of-Old-Occupations-jobs-beginning-T3.htm (accessed 20 February 2019). - 16 – Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 JOHNSON, C.W., 1930. Charles Johnson Maynard. The Nautilus, 43 (3): 101–103. JOHNSON, C.W., 1932. Truman Heminway Aldrich. The Nautilus, 46 (1): 34–35. KEEN, A.M., 1981. In memoriam: Emery P. Chace (1882-1980). The Western Society of Malacologists, Annual Report, 13: 19–20. LAW, J. 1992. Notes on the theory of the actor network: Ordering, strategy and heterogeneity. Systems practice, 5: 379–393. LE RENARD, J., 1992. Sur les espèces introduites par Staadt en 1913. Cossmanniana, 1 (2–4): 31–32. LE RENARD, J., 1994. Révision des mollusques paleogènes du bassin de Paris. 1. Rectifications de nomenclature d'espèces. Cossmanniana, 3 (1–2): 35–40. LHOMME, L., 1905. Coquilles fossiles trouvées en 1904 dans les sables Yprésiens de Saint-Gobain (Aisne). La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, 412: 53–57. LHOMME, L., 1908. Contribution à l’étude du Cuisien (Aizy-Jouy). Bulletin de la Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, 17: 3–38. LÓPEZ, L.H. 1989. Nicolás Seiler F.S.C.: 79–85. In: Contribución de las lasalistas a las Ciencias Naturales en Colombia. FEN, Bogota. LUQUET, G.C., 2009. La vie et l’oeuvre de Léon Lhomme. Alexanor, 24 (1): 65–90. MARQUET, R., 1997. Pliocene gastropod faunas from Kallo (Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium); Part 3, Caenogastropda; Aporrhaidae to Muricidae, and Part 4, Buccinidae to Helicidae. Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie, 34 (3–4): 69–149. MILLER, W.B., 1980. Obituary. Wendell Oliver Gregg 1898-1979. The Nautilus, 94 (2): 92. MOGOLLÓN AVILA, V. & BREURE, A.S.H., 2009. José Julián Bravo (1874-1927), a hitherto unknown conchologist from Peru. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 83: 601–613. NUTTALL, C.P. & COOPER, J., 1973. A review of some English Palaeogene Nassariidae, formerly referred to Cominella. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 23: 179–219. OLIVER, J.D. & ROLÁN, E., 2008. Las especies del género Chauvetia (Gastropoda, Neogastropoda) del área de Dakar, Senegal, África occidental, con la descripción de diez especies nuevas. Iberus, 26 (2): 133–175. PACAUD, J.-M., 2000. L’holotype de Latirus (Latirulus) lhommei (Staadt, 1908) (Gastropoda, Buccinidae) rétrouvé. Cossmanniana, 7 (1–4): 63–65. PILSBRY, H.A. & BAKER, H.B., 1945. Norman W. Lermond. The Nautilus, 58 (3): 102–105. PILSBRY, H.A. & BAKER, H.B., 1947. Dr. Blenn R. Bales. The Nautilus, 60 (3): 101–102. RATBUN, R., 1909. Report on the progress and condition of the U.A. National Museum for the year ending June 30, 1909. Government Printing Office, Washington: 141 pp. REHDER, H.A., 1969. Ditlev Thaanum, 1867-1963, a memorial sketch. Occasional Papers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 24(3): 27– 45. RICHARDSON, E.B., 1943. William Gaillard Mazÿck. The Nautilus, 56 (3): 99–102. SCHLIKUM, W.R., 1961. Die Gattung Euchilus Sandberger. Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 90: 59–68. SCHLIKUM, W.R., 1968. Die Gattungen Briardia Munier-Chalmas und Nystia Tournouër. Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 98: 39–51. SCHLOSSER, M., 1922. Referat [Teilhard de Chardin: Les mammifères de l’Eocène inférieur et leur gisements]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, 1922-II: 101–110. SEBAÏ, M., 2017. Paul Bédé, un naturaliste amateur d’archéologie à Sfax dans les années 1930. In: DONDINPAYRE, M., JAÏDI, H., SAINT-AMANS, S. & SEBAÏ, M. (eds.), Autour du fonds Poinssot. Available at http://inha.revues.org/7164 (accessed 12 February 2019). SMITH, B.J., 1981. Gatliff, John Henry (1848-1935). Australian dictionary of biography, 8: 629–630. SMITH, M., 1936. New Tertiary shells from Florida. The Nautilus, 49 (4): 135–139. - 17 – Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 STEINDACHNER, F., 1908. Jahresbericht für 1907. Annalen des k.k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 22: 59–109. STEINDACHNER, F., 1909. Jahresbericht für 1908. Annalen des k.k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 23: 1–50. STRACK, H.L., 1996. In memoriam Pieter Kaas (1915-1996). Basteria, 60 (4–6): 161–169. STRASSER, B.J., 2012. Collecting nature: Practices, styles, and narratives. Osiris, 27: 303–340. STRONG, A.M. & CHACE, E.M., 1936. Herbert Nelson Lowe. The Nautilus, 50 (1): 64–66. STURANY, R., 1931. Dr. Alfred Oberwimmer. Nachruf. Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 63 (2): 80–81. TATE REGAN, C., 1921. Department of Zoology: 97–127. In: FISCHER, H., Return to an Order of the Honourable The House of Commons, dated 10 March 1921. His Majesty’s Stationary Office, London. TOBLEMAN, F., 1957. In memoriam William H. Weeks, 1870-1957. The Nautilus, 71 (2): 72–iii. TORTONESE, E., 1960. Relazione sull’attività del Museo civico di Storia naturale ‘G. Doria’ durante il biennio 1958-59. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale ‘Giacome Doria’ , 71: i–xxiv. VALDÉS, A. & HÉROS, V., 1998. The types of Recent and certain fossil opisthobranch molluscs in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Zoosystema, 20 (4): 695–742. VAN CLEAVE, H.J., 1943. Frank Collins Baker. The Nautilus, 56 (3): 97–99. VIDAL, J., 1999. Taxonomic review of the elongated cockles: genera Trachycardium, Vasticardium and Acrosterigma (Mollusca, Cardiidae). Zoosystema, 21 (2): 259–335. VIDAL, J., 2005. Problèmes taxonomiques du complexe Laevicardium oblongum-crassum (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Cardiidae). Novapex, 6 (hors séries 3): 1–42. VISKER, D.A., 1968. Een mensenleven gewijd aan de malacologie. Correspondentieblad van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging, 126: 1352–1353. VISKER, D.A., 1971. A biographical sketch of John Staid-Staadt 1886-1970. Of Sea and Shore, 2: 11–12. WOODWARD, A.S., 1909. Department of Geology: 135–155. In: BUTCHER, M., Return to an Order of the Honourable The House of Commons, dated 25 February 1909. His Majesty’s Stationary Office, London. WOODWARD, A.S., 1913. Department of Geology: 170–190. In: ANSON, W., Return to an Order of the Honourable The House of Commons, dated 13 March 1913. His Majesty’s Stationary Office, London. - 18 – Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 APPENDIX I. THE YEARLY CATALOGUES There are 15 catalogues present in the Malacological Section of the MNHN. For each year the bibliographic data, the conclusions by JLS and a summary figure are presented. 1924 172 pp.; dimensions 29.5 x 22.0 cm. “Conclusions. Still greater delay than in 1923 attended the completion of the present 1924 Catalogue. But the reason for this will be easily understood when it is realized that the record number of 172,237 specimens belonging to about 1,785 [species] had to be examined, identified & listed before this last chapter could be written, whilst at the same time, i.e. in the course of 1924-1925, Mr. Stevens’ Collection & part of the Hove Museum Collection were being classified, numerous exchanges made & a considerable amount of time spent out of London on collecting trips. It is then to be wondered at how so much work could be carried through in a little more than one year & with such satisfying results that 1,298 new sp. were obtained in the course of 1924 at a net cost of £ 11.8.0. These figures which curiously enough are almost identical to those for 1923 (1.164 N.sp. – £ 11.8.6) would have been a good deal more favourable still had it not been for 1 or 2 rather unsuccessful & costly transactions such as the purchase from Mr. J. Josef (p. 126), the insertion of several useless advertisements, etc. which raised the expenses by about £ 6.0.0. Novelties obtained in 1924 probably do not materially increase any particular family, save perhaps Helicidae (50 sp. from Rolle; 34 from Henderson; 14 from Weeks, etc.) & include but few large or showy marine specimens: Nautilus umbilicatus; Cypraea aurantium, tessellata, sulcidentata, pallida, fuscorubra, algoensis; Marginella bullata; Cassis plicata; Conus mitratus, cuvieri, lignarius, mappa, sieboldi, elongatus, etc. The bulk of them, however, constitute a most interesting & valuable addition to the fauna of England, N. America, New Guinea, Philippines, S. Africa, Sri Lanka, providing me with many fine & rare land shells as well as minute, marine dredged species. Besides these novelties & some other 550 sp. also worth adding to my collection, very extensive & useful material, probably sufficient to make up 5,000 sets of duplicates belonging to about 200 sp. chiefly from S. Africa, Sri Lanka & England was set aside ready to be sent to Rheims with a view to future exchanges. Although 84 new sp. invoiced £ 10.8.9 (equivalent to an average of just over 2/5 3/4 per sp.) were received from various shell dealers, no payment was made for them nor for the numerous consignments of S. African specimens obtained through my advert in Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Durban. Profit on sales effected during 1924 amounted to only £ 3.16.8 1/2 there having been little time available for transactions of this kind. It is highly satisfactory that although we were able to keep the expenses within the lowest limits of £ 10 to 12 yearly, we succeeded in maintaining a steady increase of the collection and, at the same time, acquiring a considerable stock of duplicates. In the near future it may be found imperative to devote more time to keeping the catalogues up to date & in perfect order than in acquiring new material, since as the collection is rapidly reaching larger proportions, the study is proportionally increasing in difficulty on account of the sp. to be classified being almost exclusively small ones & belonging largely to little known groups. This difficulty was strongly felt with regard to some minute sp. received from Miss Pieris, Miss Colchester, Mrs. Hohl, etc. & which I failed to identify. From the importance of the recent acquisitions, i.e. those made at the end of 1925 & the beginning of the present year (share in the Hove Museum Collection; purchase at Stevens’ Auction Rooms, etc.) it is to be foreseen that our work is likely to proceed very slowly & be still in arrears for a length of time. If results, however, continue in the future to be so favourable as they were in 1923 & 1924 and, provided we do not altogether become overwhelmed by too many new acquisition & owing to lack of storing space, we shall have indeed every reason to congratulate ourselves”. 19 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 4a – Summary table of 1924 catalogue. 20 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 4b – Summary table of 1924 catalogue (continued). 21 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 4c – Summary table of 1924 catalogue (continued). 1925 141 pp.; dimensions 32.5 x 25.0 cm. “Conclusion. It is only six days more than a year ago since I completed the 1924 Catalogue, on April 23rd 1926. In spite of a 3 and a half months absence from London last summer & notwithstanding the many exchanges which I carried through as well as the naming of numerous specimens what I did for Mr. L.R. Stevens, Dr J. Bravo of Lima & the Hove Museum in the course of 1926-1927, I am now able to write the word ‘Finis’ on the 1925 Catalogue, thus having succeeded in completing it in 3 and a half months less than the one before. A remarkable feature of the result achieved in 1925 is that although the number of novelties acquired in that year exceed by about 300 those obtained in the two last years respectively, the net expense only reached £ 6.10.0, i..e. nearly £ 5 less than in 1923 & 1924! Practically all of the 1,502 sp. new to me were small or even minute and by far the larger proportion of them are non-marine. Among the groups which were particularly added to should be mentioned: Helix (s.restr.) Pleuroceridae Cerion Clausilia Hydrobiidae Bulimulidae Columbella Pupidae Limnaea Helicina Chiton Partula Mitra Odostomia Nassa Physa Melania (s.s.) Neritina Marginella Pisidia 20 groups : 117 N.sp. (In Rh.: : 99 – : 84– : 71 – : 42 – : 32 – : 25 – : 33 – : 24 – : 23 – : 23 – : 22 – : 21 – : 20 – : 19 – : 18 – : 18 – : 14 – : 14 – : 41 – : 760 N.sp. 206; End 1924: 2 3 35 10 8 18 34 21 15 2 14 33 1 40 6 8 30 16 2(?) 504 696; now: 17 21 65 66 49 96 52 60 79 68 42 137 10 119 29 62 74 99 33 1,874 813) 116 105 136 108 81 121 85 84 102 91 64 158 30 138 47 80 88 113 74 2,634 As to localities, with the exception of the Clausilia, Bulimidae, Partula, Mitra, Columbella, Nassa, Marginella, Melania, Neritina & a few S. African, Australian & Eastern specimens, the sp. to be introduced in my collection were all N. American & W. Indian. 22 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 The two series obtained from shell dealers (Cerion from C.J. Menard [sic, Maynard], p. 28 & Clausilia from H.C. Fulton, p. 100) were purchased at particularly low price, £ 2.11.3 having been paid for 126 new sp. or an average of just over 4d 3/4 per sp. The acquisition made in 1925 bring the total number of sp. represented in my collection to: Gastropoda 4.774 at the end of 906 obtained in 853 1.319 7.852 1922 1923 1924 1925 Pelecypoda At the end of 1924: Obtained in 1925: 7.852 + 1.690 = 9.542 1.507 183 1.690 Having reached these proportions, my collection contains: 1o with the exception of a few rarities all the larger & showy sp belonging to the genera Cassis, Dolium, Strombus, Purpura, Cypraea, Murex, Oliva, Conus, etc. of most of which I have had occasion of retaining fine selections out of the extensive series that I repeatedly studied. 2o a fair number of representatives of most of the numerous genera such as Nassa, Columbella, Littorina, Marginella, Pleurotomidae, among the marine mollusca or Clausilia, Cerion, Achatinella, Partula, Helicina, Pleuroceridae, Neritina, etc. among the non-marine. Of these genera including almost exclusively sp. to be exhibited in glass tube an average of 120 to 150 sp. are required to constitute a somewhat comprehensive series & fill up a shelf in my cabinets. 3o Examples of many scarce or little known genera s for instance: Holospira, Pseudoliva, Niso, Amphibulima, Pineria, Lodderia, Irevadia, Horea, Trinostoma, Argyropeza, Skenea, Vitrinella, Circulus, Turcica, … In that direction, however, much remains to be done, a horde of generic & sub-generic names not occurring yet in my collection. 4o A pretty good illustration of the fauna of many parts of the world: Northern Europe; North America; New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, the West Indies, Peru. – Unfortunately the material which I possess from India, Central Africa, China, New Guinea, the East Indies, Haiti, Porto Rico, Mexico & most of the S. American states is so scanty as to be almost negligible & consequently the groups Amphidromus, Xesta, Camaena, Eulota, Glandina, Parthena, Chloritis, Chondropoma, Diplommatina, Alycaeus, Urocoptis, Achatinidae (Limicolaria, Obeliscus, Homorus etc.), those characteristic of the African Lakes: Tanganyicia, Hilacantha, etc. as well as many others want to be considerably added to in my collection before I can attempt any serious study of them. From this survey it will be readily understood that the two only practical ways left of increasing my collection are: 1o through exchanges with specialists; 2o through purchases from shell dealers. Whatever number of duplicates may be obtained through buying odd lots or naming the usual run of collections owned by amateurs, it is very doubtful whether enough sp. worth obtaining for my collection will be found to make up for time & labour which have been put to better use in an other way. In 1925 I purchased (for 5/7 1/2 from Cassino) ‘The Naturalists Directory’ and was presented with several pamphlets of interest: ‘Description of a new sp. of Dentalium’ by Dr Fred Baker; A catalogue of Cerionidae by Charles J. Maynard; Parthenogenesis in the mollusc Paludestrina jenkinsii by Guy C. Robson & several extracts from the Bulletin of the University of Michigan. In the absence of any unforseen [sic] circumstances, should we be able in the future to proceed with our work at the same speed as we have done so far, it is reasonable to expect that the 1926 Catalogue will be completed before 1927 is out. It will then probably be found imperious to make a clean copy of certain crowded groups such as Helix, Limnaea, Planorbis, Odostomia, Hydrobiidae, etc. not only in view of immediate accessions, but also in order to have ready as clear & exact as possible an enumeration of the sp. which I possess for the day when I may be permitted to undertake the reorganisation of my collection… Qui longe patiuntur multa illis Deo adjuvante contingunt! Hoc die XXIXo Apr. ann. MDCDXXVII J.L. Staid”. 23 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 5a – Summary table of 1925 catalogue. 24 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 5b – Summary table of 1925 catalogue (continued). 1926 164 pp.; dimensions 32.0 x 24.5 cm. “Conclusions. As anticipated at the close of the 1925 Catalogue (p. 140) the present one would certainly have been completed before the end of 1927 had it not been that the many specimens received from Mr. L.R. Stevens, which – owing chiefly to my three & a half month stay at Southall in 1926 – had been unnamed & which it was, therefore, necessary to classify before I redact the chapter relating to them (vide p. 114). To-day, however, when I am writing these lines being the 13th of February, I have to a certain extent made up for the considerable delay attending the 2 previous catalogues which were at least 4 months behind the scheduled time. This progress is chiefly attributed to two causes, viz. 1o, 1927 was a particularly strenuous year during which I allowed myself no holidays, my only absence from London necessitated by a voyage to Rheims – having occupied but a fortnight; 2o, I was not called upon to identify nearly as many sp. as in 1926, Mr. J.W. Lister, Mr. L.R. Stevens & Dr J. Bravo having since then discontinued sending me consignments of shells to be named. One thousand three hundred and sixty seven (1,367) new sp. were acquired in 1926 at a total cost of £ 9.16.0, which result does not compare too favourably with that achieved in 1925 when the novelties numbered 1,502 and the costs – thanks to my having sold specimens to the amount just over £ 5 – were reduced to £ 6.10.0. In 1926 – for the first time since 1918 – I failed to sell any duplicates and, yet the addition to my collection although larger, entailed smaller expense, than in 1923 & 1924 when less than 1,200 new sp. were acquired each year at a net cost of £ 11.8.0. Owing chiefly to the many new correspondents (Bondwell, Umani, Walton, Kaufel, Schlesch, Mermod, Sprick, Oberwimmer, Cooper, etc.) in different parts of the world, whom I had dealings with in 1926, I was able to greatly enlarge my series from Hawaii, Madeira, Sth Australia, Europe, New Zealand, Peru (also but to a lesser degree from Tonkin, East Indies, Philippines & China) whereas the bulk of the material which was sent to me in the 2 previous years came from U.S. America, S. Africa & Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka, etc.). Although most of the specimens were obtained through exchange, I purchased the following lots: 25 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 H.C. Fulton ……………(April 8th & 23rd) 1st sale at Stevens Auct. Rooms (April 13th) 2nd — id — — id — (Nov. 23rd) (= just over 8d 1/2 per N.sp.) Total p. 52: 22 N.sp. for £ p. 28: 85 – p. 101: 41 – 148 N.sp for £ 5.6.2 ½ The most important accessions were from: Mr. D. Thaanum p. 83 The Hove Museum (Mr. J.W. Lister) p. 12 Dr A. Oberwimmer p. 150 L.R. Stevens p. 114 (The Ch. & Will. Coll. (= 1st sale) p. 28) G.L. Wilkins p. 70 Ch. Walton p. 55 G. Umani p. 4 W.J. Davey p. 77 J. Sprick p. 49 (= just over one & a half farthing per N.sp. obtained through exchange) N.sp: – – – (– – – – – – Total 173 153 123 119 85) 80 79 65 64 60 916 0.14.1 1/2 3.8.8 1/2 1.3.4 1/2 cost: £ 0.2.6 1/2 – 0.0.6 – 0.5.11 – 0.4.1 1/2 – 3.8.8 1/2 – 0.2.0 – 0.0.2 – 0.8.0 – 0.1.11 1/2 – 0.3.7 1/2 cost: £ 1.8.10 The contrast between these figures and those relating to the purchased sp. (the price of the latter being 23 times higher than that of the former) is so striking as to be well worth taking particular notice of! Necessarily the bulk of the novelties were sp. of exiguous dimensions, more valuable as study material than as show pieces, yet very fine representatives of several of the larger & more conspicuous forms were also acquired, such as: Voluta flavicans, rossiniana & africana; Fusus nobilis & distortus; Rapana Thomasi; Conus nocturnus, characteristicus, tendineus & parius; Ancilla elongata; Cancellaria cumingiana; Siphonalia ornata; Melongena cochlidium; Pseudoliva crassa; Triton corrugatus & vestitus; Natica maura, globosa & orientalis; Calliostoma monile & tigris; Fissurella limbata, latimarginata & biradiata; Glandina floccata; Rhyssota sowerbyana; Camaena duporti & campanula; Polydonte sobrina; Acavus grevillei; Hadra semicastanea; Eulota quesita & peliomphala; Isomeria continua; Geomitra delphinula & delphinuloides; Bulimus separabilis; Plekocheilus succinoides; Thaumastus foveolatus; Cochlostyla cunctator; Placostylus Hargravesii; Anostoma depressum; Porphyrobaphe saturnus; Clausilia ducalis; Pseudachatina Wrighti; Lima excavata; Dosinia ponderosa; Modiola elongata; Thracia pubescens; Mactra Cumingi, etc. Among the genera so far unknown to me of which examples were received can be mentioned: Ditropsis, Helicomorpha, Pseudopomatias, Vitrinoconus, Cyathopoma, Emmeria, Draparnaudia, Blaufordia, Philonesia, Lyropua, Pterodiscus, Planamastra, Ataxus, Chilomopsis, Coeliaxis, Tricula, Geyeria, Brephulus, Estea, Dardenula, Merelina, Haurakia, Thoristella, Davisia, Malvinasia, Novaculina, Cyrtodaria, etc. Certain groups were considerably added to, in particular among the Gastropoda: With regard to duplicate material, beside the many British land & fresh water shells which I collected in the neighbourhood of Southall (vide p. 65) very numerous & most useful sets appertaining to 8 Tasmanian marine sp. – the names of which are to be added to my permanent exchange list – were received from Mr. N.R. Ridler (p. 9). A fraction of the specimens listed in the chapters related to the 1st & 2nd sales at Stevens’ Auction Rooms, Mr. J.E. Cooper, Mr. L.R. Stevens, Dr J. Bravo & a few other will also contribute to the increase of my duplicate stock. Important addition to my library was provided by the acquisition of: (1) Various pamphlets on Danish land & fresh water shells by Hans Schlesch. (2) Description of a new Patellida by A.W.B. Powell. (3) W.F. Webb’s Catalogue of recent mollusca. (4) H.C. Fulton’s Catalogues of Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Gastropoda, Pelecyposa & Brachiopoda. (5) Several papers on mollusca from the University of Michigan. (6) Articles on Peruvian Planorbis, Littoridina, etc. by Pilsbry (presented by W.J. Clench). (7) Description of Helix traiana by G. Umani. (8) A pamphlet on S. African marine mollusca J.R. le B. Tomlin. No expense was incurred in regard to any of these publications. Last, but not least, is to be mentioned the new copy of my Pelecypoda Catalogue which I wrote out between July 13th & Aug. 17th 1926, during my holidays at Southall, thus satisfying a need which had been hinted at in previous reports, as early as 1922 & 1924 (vide Cat. for those years p. 61 & 170). 26 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 My collection of recent mollusca is at present thus constituted: Fig. 6 – Table from 1926 catalogue. Cephalopoda ……….. Pteropoda …………. Gastropoda ……….. Amphineura ……… Scaphopoda ………. Pelecypoda ………. Brachiopoda ……… 13 ) 19 ) 8.847 ) = 10.910 sp. 119 ) 32 ) 1.852 ) 28) Since the fossil shells which I possess can be computed to comprise approximately 8.000 varieties, it is possible that the total number of sp. now in my collection reach close to 20.000.” (Fig. 7a-b). 27 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 7a – Summary table of 1926 catalogue. 28 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 7b – Summary table of 1926 catalogue (continued). 1927 150 pp.; dimensions 32.0 x 24.5 cm. “Conclusions. Although only just over nine months have elapsed since I completed the 1926 catalogue, on Febr. 13th 1928, and the present one is a good deal smaller in bulk – 50 pages less – than the latter, it includes a greater number of sp. and var. registered as new to me than were obtained in any of the last nine years, viz. 1,568, this number having only been surpassed in 1918 when the Jamrach’s collection yielded 1,576 novelties. The reckoning of my accessions for 1927, however, which is but as near an estimate as I could form, may be a little exaggerated, it being at present most difficult to judge whether the sp. sent to me are correctly named & really new for my collection or whether their determinations are inaccurate, doubtful, obsolete and include synonyms or discarded terms applying to some of the many valueless sub-var. and mutations chiefly attributable to the authors of the ‘Nouvelle Ecole’ (vide p. 9 & 62). It is also open to question whether sp. of such minute size as those belonging to Hydrobia, Pupa, Ferrussacia, Omphalotropis, etc. are of much use when represented by single & sometimes imperfect examples, or lack full data, as in the case of a large proportion of the sets received from Mr. B. Sundler (p. 88) & Mr. Ph. Rousseau (p. 62). The more indeed my collection increase & my desiderata become restricted to those very small forms (vide p. 19, 24 & particularly 56) the less facility I have for ascertaining their identification, which therefore, – unless it be the work of a specialist –, always leaves some doubt as to its reliability. Barring the specimens purchased at Stevens’ Auction Rooms (p. 79), from Mr. P. Pallary (p. 47) & the very few obtained singly (p. 112) for the total sum of £ 2.13.10 1/2 & including altogether 144 new sp., they were all acquired through exchanges, by far the bulk of the novelties having been provided by Mr. B. Sundler: 462 N.sp. & Mr. Ph. Rousseau: 304 N.sp. Other valuable contributions were received from Mr. W.F. Webb (97 N.sp.); Carlos de la Torre (90 N.sp.); Dr A. Oberwimmer (83 N.sp.), A.W.B. Powell (52 N.sp.). These accession considerably improve & extent the illustration in my cabinets of the fauna of Europe, N. Africa, New Zealand, Cuba, Martinique, Argentina and, in smaller proportion, many other localities: Philippines, Japan, N. Australia, E. Indies, Peru, Florida, etc. Helix They add particularly to the groups: 240 N.sp. | Physa 29 27 N.sp. Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Clausilia Hydrobiidae Pupa Melanopsis Helicina Cerion Urocoptis Hartmannia Limnaea Planorbis 110 77 57 39 36 33 32 29 28 28 | | | | | | | | | | Tudora Diplommatina Cyclophorus Chiton Zonitidae, etc. Cardium Dosinia Unionidae Vulsella Etc. 22 17 17 13 13 9 (viz. 18 families augmented by 827 sp.) and include not only representatives of such large, handsome & rare sp. as Voluta jaculoides & swainsoni; Dolium haurakiense; Verconella dilatata & mandarina; Trochus caerulescens; Chiton obtectus; Pleurodonte petitiana & gutierrezi; Parthenia dilatata & angulata; Euhadra luhuana (var), mercatoria, pancala & var.; Obba mamilla, balacanensis, horizontalis & Webbi; Camaena lagunae; Stegodera angusticollis; Zaphysema macmurrayi; Plectotropis vermis; Epiphragmophora tranquelleonis & trigramminettei; Hemiplecta hercules & obliquata; Rhysota dvitija; Ariophanta bajadera; Cochlostyla imperator, fischeri, strigata, sarcinosa, v. pandana; Placostylus pseudocaledonicus & var. scarabus, alexander v. crassa, miltocheilus v. stramineus; Amphidromus pictus & sowerbyi; Clausilia vasta, yokohamensis, kobensis & attrita; var. of Liguus fasciatus, crenatus, etc.; Bulimulus tupacii; Drymaeus multifasciatus, costaricensis & inusitatus; Odontostomus philippii; Cyclophorus elegans, acutimarginatus, clouthianus, kibleri, fernandezi, unicus, moellendorffi, pirostoma, dautzenbergi, valida v. samarensis, vieillardi etc. among the Gastropoda; Pedum spondyloideum; Amiantis purpurata; Clementia papyracea; Mesodesma mactroides; Castalia ambigua; Diplodon parallelipipedon; Anodontites latermarginatus, tenebricus; Chlamys patriae; Dosinia sculpta; Mytilus horridus; Saxidomus opacus; Cyrena cyprinoides; Anatina laterna; Antigona restriculata; Cardium muticum, erinaceum, multipunctatum, unicolor, oblongum, oxygonum, multispinosum, etc. among the Pelecypoda, but also examples of 32 to 37 genera so far unknown to me: Allodiscus, Asperdaphne; Blaesospira; Buliminopsis; Calaxis; Caldwellia; Curvella; Diancta; Georissa; Ginnania; Latia; Leptinaria; (Melanella ?); Obtortis; Omalonyx; Otesia; Palaina; Parafossarulus; Parthenia; Pisinna; Pyrgula (N?); Stegodera; Sykesia (= Ruthvenia); Xenopoma; Zospeum; (25) – Batissa, Castalia, Clementia, Crania; Crenatella; Kidderia; Linosina; Melletia; Mutela; Mylittella; Pedum; Spatha; (12). Notwithstanding the quality & importance of the material recorded in the present catalogue, only £ 8.10.6 were spent on its acquisition, i.e. a smaller amount than 1926 when the novelties numbered only 1.367 and the costs reached £ 9.16.0. As already mentioned in the precedent catalogue (p. 161), 1927 having been a very uneventful year during which my work was interrupted only from Aug. 17th to 30th by a journey to Rheims (vide p. 55), I was able to concentrate on exchanges & despatched 35 consignments to 19 correspondents. I effectuated no sale of specimens & obtained practically no duplicates, except the 8 sets sent by Mr. N. Ridler (p. 51) & the few odd species extracted chiefly from Mr. L.R. Stevens (p. 24), E.E. Hobs (p. 40), P.J. Bermudez (p. 75), T. van Hyning’s (p. 106) series and the ‘4 genera Collection’ (p. 79). The only fossil given to me was the Voluta from Barton, recorded on p. 37. As to literary contribution, a pamphlet on N. Zealand mollusca; part III of the ‘Manual of the Mollusca’ (bought 1d) & some papers from the University of Michigan are all that is to be mentioned. Nota – Portion of this catalogue extending from p. 55 to p. 88 was redacted at Crowthorne, Berks. during the month of Oct. 1928. Virtutis fortuna comes Hoc die XXVIo Novemb. Ann. MDCDXXVIII J.L. Staid”. 30 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 8 – Summary table of 1927 catalogue. 1928 [Page numbering continued from previous year] pp. 151-258; dimensions 32.0 x 24.5 cm. “Conclusions. Had it not been for the considerable delay occasioned by the purchase & partial study of an important lot of shells at the beginning of July 1929, the present catalogue would probably have been completed some three months earlier. 31 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Through resuming my acquaintanceship with Mr. L.R. Stevens & naming a large number of specimens for him in 1928 (vide p. 206), owing also to my having stayed just over 3 months away from home during the same year: in Rheims, from June 26 to July 6 & at Crowthorne, Berks. the rest of the time (vide p. 179), the work directly affecting the immediate growth of my collection proceeded at a somewhat slower pace than in 1927. Exchanges were reduced to the dispatch of 22 parcels (as compared with 35 in the preceding year) and although nearly 18,000 specimens were acquired, belonging to about 2,500 species, the number of novelties reached only 943 instead of 1,568! Part of these were purchased: 62 from H.C. Fulton for £ 2.15.6; 27 from W.F. Webb for £ 1.11.0 & others – up to the total sum of £ 11.3.6 –, although not paid for, were also supplied by dealers: 44 by F.A. Ward; 26 (plus 7 fossil) by C.J. Maynard; 22 by H. Rolle; 11 by W. Gyngell. Lots described on pages 126 – 135 – 151 & 186 which yielded 100 N.sp. were the result of further purchases amounting to: £ 3.10.0. The foregoing remarks show that the material containing the 292 novelties just mentioned, although actually costing me £ 7.16.6 was quoted £ 19.10.0! Fortunately, as detailed on p. 148, 203 & 256 I was able to realize a net profit just over £ 5 on the sale of some 280 sets to Dr. V.H. Veley & Mr. B. Sundler, thus reducing my expenses for 1928 to £ 6.17.6 equivalent to 1d 3/4 per novelty, which is dearer by less than one 1/2d. than the average price paid in 1927, when the total costs reached £ 8.10.6. The most important accessions were from W.F. Webb: 119 N.sp.; L.R. Stevens: 101; F.C. Baker: 89; A.E. Brooks: 73; H.C. Fulton: 62; The Enida Collect.: 60; Dr. R. Del Prete: 56 … & included some 40 genera so far unknown to me, viz.: Aclis, Actaeopyramis, Admete, Amphidoxa, Bouvieria, Carinaria, Cirsonella, Cochliopa, Coelocentrum, Heteropoma, Imperturbatia, Enida, Jeffreysia, Leiopyrga, Leucorhyncha, Limnotrachus, Lithasiopsis, Lyotella, Neauthauma, Paramelania, Pedicularia, Pichardiella, Priodiscus, Pseudosubulina, Spekia, Stilifer, Syrnolopsis, Tangayicia, Trachycistis, Schizoglossa, Sculptaria; – Ætheria, Condylocardia, Gregariella, Idas, Limea, Pleiodon, Woodia; large & valueble sp. such as Sipho berniciensis & propinquus; Austrosipho mandarinoides; Voluta brasiliana, Bulla squalida, Melongena pallida, Turbo canaliculatus, intercoatalis, japonicus & radiatus; Calliostoma spectabile; Minolia climacola; Fissurella darwini; Nerita maura, Chiton chilensis; Plaxiphora egregia; Neauthauma tangayicensis; Cyclophorus speciosus; Hybocystis grandis; Coptocheilus anatoma & inermis; Coelocentrum gigas & blandianum; Orthalicus Kelletti; Placostylus monackensis; Cochlostyla subcarinata, opalina, curta, pithogaster, v. minor, mirabilis, v. trichroa; the 6 Paryphanta; Amphidromus Winteri & martensis; Thersites gratiosa & informis; 3 or 4 Obba; Achatina knorri; Ampelita hemioxia; Pleurodonte bizonalis; Rhytida raynali; Natalina covana; Cryptosoma siamensis; Bensonia labiata; Clausilia platydera; Streptaxis sinensis; Thracia convexa & corbuloides; Pleiodon ovatus; Ætheria Lamarcki; Mycetopoda Orbignyi; Dipsas plicatus; Anodontites uruguayensis; Unio shurtleffianus & corrugatus; Diplodon burroughianus; Dromus dromus; Glebula rotundata; Obovaria circulus; Castalina psammoica; Spatha rubens; Amussium obliteratum; Panopea zelandica; Placuna sella; Cyrena buschi; Chamafrondosa; Cardium Deshayesi; Ungulina oblonga; Periploma discus; Gastrochœna gigantea …; and a particularly notable addition to the following groups, several of which were rather scantily represented in my collection: Trochidae cum Turbinidae Note: 22 Minolia 21 Gibbula 15 Calliostoma 4 Enida Helicidae Note: Ashmunella Sonorella Endodontidae ………………………… Zonitidae, s.l. ………………………… Melaniidae, s.l. ………………………. Cerion [+ 7 fossil] …………………… Alycæus ……………………………… Diplommatina ………………………… Urocoptis ………. 14 Holospira ………. 10 Coelocentrum …… qd3 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) …………. ) 84 69 57 52 40 33 23 21 27 32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Neritina [cum Septaria] Chiton …………………. Streptaxis … 5 & Ennea …. 13 Auriculidæ …………….. Georissa ……………….. Rissoidae ………………. Helicinidae …………….. Patella & Acmoea ……… Omphalotropis …………. Unios ………… = 18 families augmented by 548 sp. 19 18 )18 ) 18 17 15 15 12 10 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 This material contributed a great deal to my better knowledge of the fauna of New Zealand, the Himalayas, Argentine, Lake Tanganyika, the Philippines, Bahamas, Cuba, Guam Is. Italy, Mexico, Guatemala, Arizona, California… Species considered as unsufficiently [sic] represented in my collection & of which further sets were required number nearly 300. With regard to the several thousands specimens for exchange purpose, chiefly provided by my collecting at Crowthorne (p. 179) or extracted from the 1st & the 2nd Russell Rd collections, Mr. L.R. Stevens’s & Dr. V.H. Veley’s series & the ‘odds’, they mostly belong to sp. that had already been obtained many times before, so that apparently very few names are to be added to my ‘permanent trading list’. Notwithstanding the fact that, whereas 1927 proved to be the most profitable of the last 10 years in point of novelties added to my collection, 1928 shows the lowest record on that score since 1922 when the new accessions numbered only 555, it is nevertheless highly gratifying that some of the objectives set forth in the 1925 Catalogue (vide p. 139 & 140) have since then, to a great extent, been attained, namely the acquisition of: 1) many uncommon genera as most of those numerated above; 2) material illustrative of the fauna of certain regions from where molluscs are especially difficult to obtain & very much lacking in my collection: the Himalayas, Tanganyika, Mexico, Martinique, for instance. 3) a new copy of my ‘Catalogue of the Pelecypoda’ (vide 1926 cat. p. 164) & of my ‘List of Helix in the collection in Rheims’, the latter having been redacted in August 1928 while I was staying at Crawthorne. The only literary contribution to be mentioned is a pamphlet entitled ‘The terrestrial shellbearing molluscs of Alabama’, received at the end of the same year; also an article on Clausilia by Franz Käufel. Events which took place in the course of 1929 are likely to greatly alter my dispositions in the near future & unless the next Catalogue can be brought to a close within less than 7 months, the present one will be the last to be completed in England. Thence the conchological studies are, as formerly, to be carried on in Rheims. Whether this will be done under more or less favourable circumstances than here & whether the day when I can definitely organize my collection is growing appreciably nearer are questions for which implicit trust in Providence takes the best place of answer. One certain fact is that as per catalogues – I possess at present 13,420 sp. of recent mollusca & shall in all probability raise that number to over 15,000 at the time of my departure from England (as compared with some 1,800 when I left Rheims, in 1911). Such a collection would already appear important enough to provide a very great deal of information &, therefore, should its growth become somewhat slackened & my work connected with it be less strenuous, might I not rather look with satisfaction upon the results achieved than long incessantly for new accessions & further enlargement which threaten to spread beyond my own capacity…? Quid frustra simulacra fugacia captas? Quod petis est nusquam; Nihil est alind magnum quam multa minuta et hæc innumerabilis sunt! Hoc die XXo; Nov. mense; Anno MDCDXXIX: J.L. Staid Summary 1928 Gastropoda Pelecypoda Total Specimens 15,589 2,287 17,876 Species ± 2,100 400 2,500 Amounts received for sales of shells and credited in table on following page included: N 814 129 943 33 ✳ 219 57 276 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 £ 1.6.0 (March 6) ) £ 0.19.0 (April 3) ) £ 3.16.6 £ 0.7.6 (April 17) ) Ex Mr. B. Sundler £ 1.4.0 (may 7) ) (p. 148) Total: £ 5.17.2 (costs to be deducted)”. £ 1.12.8 £ 0.5.0 £ 0.3.0 ) ) ) £ 2.0.8 Ex Dr V.H. Veley (p. 202) Fig. 9 – Summary table of 1928 catalogue. 34 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 1931 161 [+1] pp.; 32.5 x 25.0 cm. “Conclusions. Over two years have elapsed since I completed the catalogue for 1930, on December 21st 1931 (with appendix dated Jan. 4. 1932), this space of time having been crossed by the tragedy of my life: my poor wife suddenly passed away on July 27th 1933: Requiescat in pace Domini! This terribly sad event appears the more so that in exactly three years that we had been in Rheims we had just had the time to acclimatize ourselves and build up a small connection in the way of lessons enabling us to live modestly but comfortably. There was every prospect of our financial situation improving in course of time and nothing foreboded such a catastrophe: in all appearances we were going to enjoy a period of quiet life after the rather strenuous and uncertain one spent in London, but God willed it otherwise and nothing can be done before his decrees but bow and say: ‘Fiat volontas tua Domini!’. The delay in completing the present catalogue was entirely due to the enormous quantity of specimens acquired from Mr. Demange. The chapter relating to them covers indeed 102 pages or 2/3 of the present volume. To the same cause is to be ascribed the increase of the yearly expenditure which rose to £ 14.18.0 (= 1.615.3 [francs]) as compared to the average of £ 8.16.6 for 1926, 27, 28 & 29 (vide Cat. for 1930, p. 109), my dealings with Mr. Demange having cost me £ 10 (= 1.207 f) or more than the 2/3 of the total amount spent in 1931. If, however, we compare this year’s account with those of the last one, we find that, on one hand, the expenditure and the number of new sp. acquired correspond almost exactly, since in 1930, 1,069 N.sp. were obtained at a net cost of £ 15.5.6. whereas in 1931 £ 14.18.0 were spent on 987 novelties; on the other hand, it has to be considered that this year’s accessions are not merely include recent shells – as was almost exclusively the case in 1930 –, but also a fairly considerable number of fossils (approximately 100 n.sp. – vide p. 53). Thus, whilst in the previous years, since 1911, the accretion in fossils, books, etc. was practically negligeable [sic], in 1931 it reach considerable proportion, corresponding to a cost of 468f.50 or just between the 1/3 and the 1/4 of the recent mollusca were paid for at the rate of 1146f.50 for 987 or 1f.16 each, i.e. cheaper than those obtained in the precedent year. (in order, however, to make a similar reckoning with regard to 1930, the £ 6.5.0 attributed to our moving should in the first instance be deduced from the price of the total amount). An other point well worthy of notice is the enormous number of specimens received, viz. 125,451 of recent shells (& possibly more than 3,500 fossils) as compared with: 14,573 in 1930 | 15,404 in 1929 | 17,876 in 1928 | 11,338 in 1927 etc. ….. (Vide Cat. for 1930, p. 116) and their particular importance and value for exchanges as well as for sales. Since by far the greater part of the material listed in the present catalogue and including nearly one half of the novelties (436 out of 987) was supplied by Mr. V. Demange and was the object of a long and detailed account on p. 50 & following, it will only be necessary to deal here with the few other lots received. Among these, the principal ones – as far as new sp. are concerned – were: p. 29 – B. Sundler 22 – H. Fulton 10 – Dr. del Prete 18 – R.W. Jackson 4 – M.E. Caruthers 15 – P. Mc Ginty 243 67 61 55 31 27 ) ) ) ) 484 Nsp. ) ) Although my dealings with Mr. Demange all through 1931 took so much of my time that I had little opportunity of exchanging with other collectors, I received specimens, not only from the correspondents just mentioned, but also from 5 new ones: W.G. Parris, A. Jankowski, F. Tobleman, F.S. Webber and H.B. Stenzel. 35 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Altogether the new sp. were obtained: through purchase: through exchanges: Total 503 ( ( 484 987 N.sp. 67 from Fulton for 290f.90 436 from Demange for 836f.85 ) ) = 1,127f.75 260f.10 1,387f.85 One sale of specimens only was effected in 1911 [sic, 1931], amounting to 250f (– 8f.65 costs) = for 157 sets of Tonquin shells sent to Mr. A. Fenaux, on May 26. Through this deal the above figure should be reduced to: 1,387f.85 – 241f.65 = 1,146f.50 241f.65 The groups most added to were: Helicidae Holostoma Melaniidae Odostomia & Turbonilla Cerithidae Trochidae Rissoidae Bulimulus Eulimidae Liguus 187 N.sp. 87 86 50 32 25 24 16 13 13 | | | | | | | | | | | Alaba, Diala, etc. Bullidae Buliminus Urocoptidae Limnaea Neritina Auriculidae Phasianella Pteropoda Unionidae Sphaerium |Total: ( Gastropoda | ( Pelecypoda 12 11 11 10 10 9 7 6 6 100 22 615 ) … 737 122 ) Among the novelties particularly remarkable for their rarity, size, beauty or on account of the scientific value or other point of interest which they may offer, should especially be mentioned, besides those recorded on page 30 & 55, the greater part of those contained in Mr. Mc Ginty’s (p. 16) & Mr. Fulton’s (p. 23) consignments, as well as the following ones: Cymba rubriginosa Mitra zonata Mesalia opalina Mathildia elegantissima Tenagodes obtusus Sphincterochila Boissieri Camaena brachyodon – naujanica Obba Listeri, sarcochroa Helicostyla mindorensis, Rollei – cincinaeformis, lubanensis | | | | | | | | | | Helix lutescens Polygyra obstricta Lanistes stuhlmanni – boltenianus Rumina atlantica Petraeus Jordani also a few Unios from Mr. Parris (vide p. 2) & Mr. Webber (vide p. 28). The material for additional purpose included some handsome specimens of 335 species so far represented in my collection by scanty or otherwise deficient sets as stated on p. 26 & 55 or apertained [sic] to the series received from Mr. Sundler, Dr. del Prete, Mr. Caruthers, Mr. Jackson, etc. The genera altogether new to me numbered 24 & comprised: Mathildia, Alcyna, Diplomphalus, Sesare, Baikalia, Benedictia, Choanomphala, Kobeltoconcha, Mormula, Mucronalia, Pleurobranchus, Lyocima, Pseudopythynia, Simpulopsis, Tiphobia, Bythoceras, Anceya, Quadrasiella, Volvula, Pyrunculus, Leucotina, Scaliola, Systenostoma, Sphincterochila. In respect to the geographical repartition of mollusca although much of the material received came from Europe (namely the south of France, Italy, the Mediterranean, Corsica, the Balearic Islands – a few from Spain, Poland, the Balkans); U.S.A. (chiefly California, Florida, Ohio, Tennessee, Alabama, …) and French North Africa, especially valuable contributions were brought to the fauna of the Lake Tanganyika, Lake Baikal (Siberia), Lake Chilka (India), Tropical Africa, Syria, Angora, Tonquin, Philippines, Japan, Cuba, 36 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Peru, Brazil. There were also a few interesting representatives from Cape Verde, Borneo, China, Sandwich Id., Falkland … In short the result achieved in 1931 with regard to the extension of both my collection & library fully justified the expenditure entailed by it: not only the value of what deserved to be retained of the material acquired surpasses the price paid for it, but that material was so plentiful as to constitute an almost inexhaustible stock of duplicates likely to yield more than was spent on it! Therefore, were it not for the dark cloud at present overhanging my existence, I might feel very contented. Unfortunately the shadow casted upon me by such dreadfully sad event is not likely to lift for a long while if ever… Over six months have elapsed since I came back from our tragic holidays and I seem to see nothing worth living for… Nisi Deo omnia frustra! Nota I. It is toward the middle of 1931 that the £ suddenly fell to 106f & rapidly down to 80 (as compared with 123f.75 when we left London, on July 22nd 1930). Although changing almost daily it was worth 86f some time in October, 69 by November, 85 at the beginning of December & 88 at the end of the same month. On the 5th of January 1932 it was quoted 86f. Nota II. It is on Nov. 5th 1930 that I gave my 1st Spanish lesson in Rheims, to Mr. Charboneaux who took 20 lessons up to Dec. 29th & paid ………………… 240f On Dec. 9th I received for 10 lessons from Mr. Heinrich (who only took 5) ………………………………………………………………………………. 100 Total for 1930 (in 2 months for 30 lessons paid for, 25 only given) ……….. 340f In 1931 Mr. Ch. Mousty took 117 lessons for which he paid on Febr. 18th, March 13th, April 6th, April th 29 , May 20th, June 17th, July 8th, July 29th, Oct. 12th, Oct31st, Nov. 19th, Dec. 15th: 120f x 12 = …………………………………………………… 1.440f th st On Oct. 24 I gave my 1 lesson at the College & received for the 3 last months of the year in payment for 70 lessons: 148f + 726f + 890f = ………………… 1.764 Total for 1931 in payment of 187 lessons ………………………………… 3.204f Urbs Remensis, Die VI, men. Febr., an. MCMXXXIV, J.L. Staadt” 1932 77 [+ 1] pp.; 32.0 x 25.0 cm. “Conclusions. Two circumstances chiefly retarded the completion of this 1932 catalogue: one, that I went to London & stayed there from March 26th to April 15th 1934, the other that at least 8 weeks were spent in connection with the Mt Bernon-Damery fossils. Had it not been for these causes of delay, I should certainly have terminated the present volume some three months earlier. As it is, less than 10 months have passed since the Catalogue for 1931 was brought to a close, on Febr. 6th 1934. The accretion in novelties which during the last 9 years (1923-1931) had reached an average of 1,277 sp. per year fell to 752, the lowest figure since 1922 when only 555 n.sp. were obtained. The expenditure decreased proportionally, being reduced to £ 9.12.0 or just over 3d per novelty. The arduousness in completing already as important a collection as mine is but natural and illustrated by the almost negligeable [sic] addition in N.sp. resulting from several exchanges herein recorded, namely those with Mr. Burnett, Clench, Webber, Rush, Spicer, Zetek, the Leiden Museum, etc. To the 5 following contributions is due the almost total increase in novelties: From Albama Museum B. Sundler H. Fulton Ph. Dautzenberg Dr Rušnov 195 130 107 84 55 ) ) ) = 571 N.sp. ) ) whereas the greater part of the money spent – more than one half – was paid to: Fulton 384f for 107 N.sp. ) P. de Mesa 92f.80 11 ) = 476f.80 (over £ 5) for 118 N.sp. 37 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 10 – Summary table of 1931 catalogue Regarding the value of the new acquisitions, several large & showy forms – Camaena contractiva, vorronga, octhoplax, oomorpha; Zaplagius naviculatus; Möllendorffia depressospira; Rhiostoma Morleti; 2 vars. of Amphidromus versicolor; Streptostyla Bartschi; Chloritis athrix; Limicolaria turris; Bulimulus spirifer; Anachis harpaeformis; the sp. from Fulton recorded on p. 11; most of the Bulimulus from Dr Rušnov (vide p. 52); a few Helicostyla from P. de Mesa & F.S. Webber; many of the Unionidae from the Alabama Museum, for instance, may be mentioned as serving to the enhancement of the collection, but the most interesting material from the strictly scientific point of view is to be found among the minute subantactic species from New Zealand, the marvellous set of Triforis (26 n.sp.) presented by Dautzenberg, the rare varieties from 38 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Uganda sent by Mr. B. Sundler, the representatives of at least 17 genera so far unknown to me, viz.: Hirasea, Fauxulus, Volvulella, Smaragdinella, Tomocyclos, Tomichia, Bocageia, Parapholyx, Hyperaulaux, Polygyrella, Halolimnohelix; Hemidonax; Jonannetia, Myochama, Cyrenoidea, Perrierina, Verticipronus and the example of other groups equally difficult to obtain, such as: Margarya, Boysidia, Gudella, Ledoulxia, Hadziella, Hauffania, Conogulella, Euthrenopsis, Zalipais, Semilimax, Nothapalus, Eurycoelon, Homorus, Oxytes, Carinifex, Pupoides, Spelaeglyphus, Eucalodium, Vitrinoconus, Helicarion, Japonia, Opisthostoma, Hypselostoma, Pseudoglessula, Simpulopsis, Schismope, Maizonia, Buliminopsis, Ethalia, …; Caecella, Cosa, Polymesoda, Aspatharia, Costokidderia, Gaimardia, Trapezium, etc. All these novelties enrich a good deal the fauna – as far as my collection is concerned – of Alabama, New Zealand, Lifou, Uganda, S. America, Panama, Mexico, Tonquin, Mauritius, Philippines, Borneo, Samoa, Italy, Yugo-Slavia, Rumania, China, Japan, India, Oregon, … and add chiefly to the following 12 families: Helicidae …………….. Unionidae …………… Holostoma …………… Melaniidae …………… Zonitidae …………….. Bulimidae …………….. Triphora …………….. Limnaea ……………. Clausilia ……………. Planorbis ……………. Achatinidae ………… Ennea ……………….. 135 n.sp. 88 72 54 39 28 | | | | | | 104 76 58 53 51 47 45 37 36 32 32 30 28 27 26 Truncatella sp. …………….. Anachis rugulosa …………… Fenella cerithina ……………. Lartetia suevica ……………. Diplommatina subtilis …….. Planorbis obstructa …………. Melampus tabogensis ………. Triforis friliratus …………….. Chloroea suturalis ………….. Planaxis lineolatus …………. Sphaerium striatinum ………. – simile …………………….. Pisidium politum, decorum …. – exiguum ……………….. Rochefortia tumida …………… 27 23 20 18 15 7 Few species, however, were represented by numerous specimens. Indeed, with the exception of the French Helix enumerated on p. 62 and about 30 exotic sets particularly plentiful, viz.: Paludestrina seemanni Caecum glabriforme Anachis nigricans Amnicola lustrica Cypraea cicerula Neritina chlorostoma Potamopyrgus pupoides Punctum pygmaeum Truncatella carabensis Alvania compacta Haminea virescens Anachis pygmaea Eulota fodiens Olivia ispidula Vertigo pygmaea | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 26 25 23 23 23 23 22 21 20 19 146 68 66 62 42 the material to be used for exchange was very scanty, being in most cases limited to single examples as those extracted from the Ala[bama]. Mus. series and sent to Mr. Sundler in 1933. Rather more important as a trading medium are the duplicate fossils which will yield my takings at Damery and Mt Bernon. The 40 sp. from these two localities including the largest number of specimens were: Eulima nitida ………. Rimella fissurella ……. Bithinella sp. ………… Ancilla olivula ………. – buccinoides ……. Ampullina Willemeti ….. Planorbis hemistoma ….. Mesalia intermedia …… Turritella mitis ……….. Conomitra fusellina …… Volutilithes spinosa ……. Melania inquinata ……… Sandbergeria communis 175 160 95 87 81 78 75 66 55 46 44 43 42 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Clavilithes parisiensis …….. Neritina globulus ………… Melanopsis buccinoides ….. Diastoma costellatum …….. Clavilithes nooe ………….. – uniplicatus …………. Solarium plicatum ………… Cryptochorda stromboides … Ancilla canalifera …………. Pleurotoma rudiscula ……… Strigatella labratula ………. Ampullina sigaretina …….. Cardita imbricata ……….. 39 31 30 29 28 23 23 22 22 21 20 20 20 223 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Hydrobiidae sp. ………… 40 Sycum bulbus ………….. 37 Homalaxis marginata ……35 Belonidium sp.? ……… 35 Potamides turris ……….. 34 – funatus …………. 33 Sycum bulbiformis …… 32 | | | | | | | Ostrea sp.? (embryos) …. Phacoides pusillus ………… Cardita serrulata …………… Genus ? (Meretricidae) …… Meretrix nitida ……………. Nucula mixta …………….. Arca scapulina ……………. 172 160 150 120 63 43 38 If 1932 was not altogether as fruitful as some of the precedent ones from the malacological point of view, it turned out very satisfactory in other ways: as detailed further along, I earned over 6,700fr in lessons and passed together myself and my wife most pleasant holidays at Epernay-Damery, Laon & Suippes, without mentioning our many walks to Taissy, St Thierry, Bezannes, Villers-sur-Vauds … In those happy days we little dreamed that the following year death would part us! At this time, in 1933, I was plunged in sorrow, but since then God took pity on me and gave me an other good wife: may He allow us to fare well together and assist each other to the end… Nota I. The fluctuating movement of the £ continued throughout 1932: worth 88f at the end of December 1931, it went up to 96 on March 31st of the following year, it was again at 88 in August, fell to 88f.55 on Oct. 28th and to 83 in December. However difficult it is, therefore, to fix an average value for the whole year, I have calculated it with reference to the rate of exchange at the dates when my chief expenses occurred and I found it equivalent to 92f.10. According to the reckoning the 884f.20 spent in the course of 1932 would correspond to £ 9.12.0. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. Nota II. During 1932 I received for Spanish lessons: From College …………………………………………… Ch. Mousty (for about 77 lessons taken between Jan 9th & Dec 31st) …………… F. Bouché (for 9 lessons taken between Oct. 20th & Dec 22nd) ……….. Mr. Henry (for 23 lessons - 20 taken between Nov 8th & Dec.) ……………… I. Orhaud (for 12 lessons taken between Oct 4th & Oct. 28th) ………….. Thienot for 10 lessons in Oct. …………………… Morange for about 6 lessons ……………………… Total …………………………………… 4,782f.40 960 135 300 180 150 90 6,747f.40 The time thus taken up by teaching corresponded approximately to: Hours spent at College: 202 ) – – at home: 142 ) = 344 hours on 43 days of 8 hours or close to 1 month and 1/2. I was unwell from the 3rd to the 11th of March. Nota III. Many from the consignments received in 1932 came from correspondents who, either were sending me specimens for the 1st time: V.D. Spicer | Miss Mac Geamery J. Zetek | (of Alabama Mus.) P.C. Rush | Dr Rušnov W.E. Burnett | Pedro de Mesa or from whom no news had reached me for a long while: Powell ………………………. : last exchange in 1928 Clench ………………………. : Leiden Museum …………….. : Henderson …………………… : Dautzenberg ………………… : 40 1927 1925 1924 towards 1911 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Nota IV. On Jan 28th 1932 I received from Mr. L.R. Stevens the lists of Tonquin duplicates which I had asked him to typewrite for me and I immediately sent copies of them to 20 collectors, viz.: Henderson (Jan. 29) | Field | T. Aldrich Oldroyd | Engberg | (of Ala. Mus.) Lowe | Webber | W. Eyerdam Clench | P. de Mesa | Brookes Baker | Burnett | Walton Leiden Museum | Powell | Barrett Chace | Dr Odhner | Dr Blume (Sep. 27)”. 41 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 11 – Summary table of 1932 catalogue. 1933 102 [+ 2] pp.; 32.0 x 24.5 cm. “Conclusions. 1933 is a year that will ever stand in my memory as the saddest of my life. The suddenness of my wife’s decease, on the 27th of July & in the first days of a happily started holiday, when we were anticipating a pleasant stay in London which we had left exactly 3 years before day for day, dealt me such a blow that for a while my health seem to break up and my mind to become distracted. Striving hard not to sink, I endeavoured to find some alleviation in intense conchological work and this explains why I acquired such a quantity of material new to me in spite of its high price. Had it not been for those extensive purchases, the number of sp. unrepresented in my collection would have been limited, – as it will almost certainly always be henceforward –, to between 300 & 400 or even less. As it is, it reached 878 (Gastr. 809, Pelecyp. 69 – or approximately 1,100 including some 222 N.sp. of Fossils), close to one half of which was supplied by Mr. H.C. Fulton (420 N.sp vide p. 58) for 1.490fr, while the other chief accretions are attributed to: Mr. B. Sundler : 180 N.sp. p. 48 Mr. P. Pallary : 94 2 The Ala[bama]. Mus. : 68 – 32 The contribution brought by most of my correspondents – some of whom were new for 1933: W.S. Brown, R.E. Sharon, J.C. Whitmore, P. Bédé – was scarcely worth mentioning. Applications for exchange received from Earl Morre (Florida), Mary Norman (Florida), A.C. Williams (Alabama), C.D. Nelson (Mich.) did not materialize. All these circumstances point out to a more or less standstill in the enlargement of my collection being near the hand. The expense which would entail the acquisition of further material through purchases is still illustrated by the fact that I had to pay: 2,060f.50 ( 1,490f to Fulton for 420 ) ( 570f.50 to Pallary for 94 ) = 514 N.sp. whereas the 363 N.sp. obtained by exchanges cost me only 181f.30. Although practically none of these new forms were really large or particularly conspicuous, the following can be counted among the most handsome & valuable: Xenophora mediterranea, Buccinum liocephalum & cyaneum, Cancellaria similis, Terebra anilis, Pyramidella acus, Solidula flammea, Chrysodomus liratus, Bacillum cassiacum, Helicostyla gertrudis, flavipellis & maxwellsmithi, Chrysalis melanogaster & perturbator, Caprinus formosus, Schelistoma Webbi …; a few Unios: elliottii, pullatus, sloatianus, ocmulgensis, angasi, … If my collection gains little in show pieces, it was greatly enriched in sp. pertaining to genera of which large and comprehensive series, are hardly ever seen, such as those named on p. 58 & 59 (regarding Rissoina and Triforis, the N.sp. of the former and the one of the latter presented by Mr. Dautzenberg (p. 31 & 32) must be considered collaterally with those purchased from Mr Fulton and in the case of Rissoa, 3 sp. received from Mr Eyerdam & Brookes; Turbonilla, 1 sp. from Mrs. Whitmore; Eulima, 1 sp. from Pallary … are equally to be taken into account). Other groups principally increased were: Helix (cum Helicostyla) 48 | Pupidae ……….. Pleuroceridae …….. 46 | Melania ………. Holostoma ………… 44 | Nassa ……………. Unionidae …………. 21 | Clausilia ………….. Neritinidae …………. 17 | Auriculidae ………. Zonitidae ……………. 15 | Cerion ……………. Melanopsis ………… 14 | Succinea …………… | Limnaea …………… 13 12 12 10 9 8 7 7 There were, beside, 15 genera so far unknown to me: the 12 mentioned on p. 58 and three more: Daudebardia, Spelaeodiscus & Mytilmeria. 42 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Whereas the accretion in recent mollusca exceeded that of the precedent year by just over 100 N.sp (878 instead of 752) the number of fossil varieties new to me surpassed 200 (and possibly reached 222, even 250 or more… vide p. 95) as compared with 24 in 1932! My library was also considerably amplified according to details furnished on p. 95 & 96. Last but not least the great many duplicates yielded by the siftings from Etang de Berre (p. 25) & Sfax (p. 80) will enable me to make up a permanent exchange list of some 60 to 70 varieties of Mediterranean shells. Local sp. (p. 42) and extra specimens drawn from the lots sent by the Alabama Museum (p. 33), Mrs. Whitmore (p. 76), Pedro de Mesa (p. 8), Mrs Sharon (p. 21), Eyerdam (p. 15) etc. may equally be mentioned, without forgetting the large series of fossil duplicates to be extracted from the Sfax sand of the Faune des Eponges. To complete this survey, it may be added with regard to the geographical origin of recent shells that although the bulk of the non-marine forms came from Europe (Poland, Russia, Germany, Yugoslavia, Italy, …) and U.S.A. (chiefly Alabama & Georgia), there were about 60 north African sp. and several particularly interesting ones from the East Indies, New Guinea, Tropical Africa, Central America, Brazil, China, the Philippines, Mauritius, etc. As to the marine varieties, their labels bore such varied and far distant localities as S. Africa & China, Greenland & Tasmania, the Mediterranean & the coa[s]ts of India, Sao Thomé, New South Wales, California, New Caledonia, Alaska, Mauritius, New Zealand, the West Indies, Lifou, Madagascar, Florida, Japan, St Helena, several of the Sth Sea Islands, Madeira, the Philippines, … If the results achieved were noteworthy, the expenditure which they entailed, turned out – inspite [sic] of the receipt of 170f accruing from a sale of specimens purchased by Mr. A. Fenaux (vide, p. 25) – to be the highest on record, viz. £ 32.8.0 (= 2,718f) or more than twice the figure reached in 1930, the year, so far, during which I had spent most on my collection & then owing to the cost of our moving away from London! The present article was ready for copy as early as Jan. 31st, but its insertion had to be delayed until I had finished sorting out & listing the minute shells from Sfax. Altogether a year and 10 months were to pass since Nov. 23rd 1934, when the 1932 Catalogue was completed, until this 1933 one could be brought to a close. This was due chiefly to the time spent over the Sfax sifting and also to two other causes, viz. our stay in Spain in 1935, from July 5th to Aug. 22nd and the considerable work which in the course of the same year and in 1936 I executed for Mr. Bédé and consisting in the classification of several hundreds of fossil & recent shells. Finally, the necessity of spending three days in Paris (July 3rd & Sep 1st & 2nd) caused a further small retard. It may not be superfluous to call the attention upon the fact that, according to the following table (Fig. 12), I possess at present some 26,300 sets of mollusca which would fill 17 and a half cabinets!! Nota I. The value of the £ in French money was subject during 1933 to oscilations which although continuous were relatively slight if compared to the ups and downs registered in some of the latter years. Worth 85f at the beginning of January, the £ rose to 86f in February & 87 through March & April. It was back at 85 in May & up to 86f.30 on June 20th. Quoted 84 & 85 in July it maintained itself between 85 & 86 in August, but fell to 80 in the first days of Sept. & down to 78 on the 24th of the same month. Going up immediately, it was quoted 79 on Oct. 1st; 80 on Oct. 27th; 82 on Nov. 15th & had reached once more 85 on Dec. 1st, but rapidly sunk to 84f.80 on Dec. 4th, 83.30 on Dec. 11th & down to 83.60 at the end of the year, the extreme quotations being comprised between 85, 87, 85, 78, 85, 83, 83.60. Taking for base the average rate of 83f.89 (instead of 92f.10 in 1932) the 2,718f spent this year would correspond to £ 32.8.0. Nota II. In the course of 1933, I received for Spanish & English lessons, translation & examinations: [….] 4,019f.50. [….] Urbs Remensis, die XXIV mensis Sept. anno MDCCCCXXXVI J.J. Staadt”. 43 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 12 – Table from 1933 catalogue, showing the shift from fossils (RH. collect., i.e. before 1918) to Recent shells in later years. 44 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 13 – Summary table of 1933 catalogue. 1934 65 [+ 1] pp.; 32.0 x 24.5 cm. “Conclusions. If 1933 had been indeed a year of deep mourning for me, 1934 brought some alleviation to my sorrow and caused a new hope to be born in me through my remarriage. This ceremony which took place in London – on April 14th 1934 – exactly three years ago – marked an other stage in my existence. Although I had still to bear heavy expenses that year (3.300f) chiefly owing to the stay of us both, myself & my new wife in London, from March 26th to April 15th, they were more than counterbalanced by what I had earned through giving lessons (3.580f.50) and disposing of shells (700f). From the merely conchological point of view 1934, although offering the unique particularity that it left a profit (218f.65), thus somewhat making up for the enormous expenditure of 1933, was little productive in material for my collection: hardly over 250 new sp. in all, recent (178) and fossil (80) and possible 120 to 130 useful to extend and complete my own sets. These figures, however, are but approximate owing, on one hand, to the many specimens received unnamed (from Mr. P. de Mesa, the Melilla College, Mr. Carré, Mr. Bédé) and which I was unable to accurately identify and, on the other, to the unreliable determinations accompanying certain species, these determinations being either probably altogether incorrect (as in the case of several supplied by Mr. Webber, the Melilla College, A. Fenaux) or based upon such slight differences as render them practically valueless, for instance those applied to some of the varieties sent Dr. Friedrich (vide p. 9). Owing to the ever increasing multiplicity of subdivisions and the complicated synonymy resulting therefrom, it becomes more & more difficult for me to make a precise estimate of what is really new to me and I shall not be able to come to any figure approaching accuracy until I am in a position to carefully compare all the material in my possession. Among this year’s most interesting additions to my collection may be mentioned the 5 genera new to me recorded on p. 17 and such fine and valuable sp. as: Clavator eximius Rhodea Pfeifferi Helicostyla chrysalidiformis carinata, rugata – turbinoides, sulana – cinciuniformis – papyracea – fulgeus, sapolana – leustoi – leopardus Hemitrichia latefasciata Liguus poeyanus – flammeus, bermudezi – fasciatus, archeri – solidus, delicatus Crassopoma planorbulus Licina ? Chondropoma vignalense clappi Cerion utowana – melanistomum – paucicostatum – maynardi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Chondrothyre reticulata – – costanerensis – aurantium Megalomastoma mani, superbum Cyclophorus appendiculata Pterocyclus sumatrensis Pleurodonte Welchi Obba marmorata, ilinensis – marginata, sororcula – planulata, palnana – Listeri, cabrasensis Chloritis brevidens Camaena aratus – oblonga Helix Derbesi – Bisseyana – Mikaelae Bulimulus pallidior Diplomphalus Fabrei Speloeodiscus hauffeni Odontostomus sp. Xenophora neozelanica Put together the three chief contributions received this year provided me with only 73 novelties, viz.: p. 17 A. Fenaux ……… 32 p. 14 P. Mc Ginty …….. 21 p. 5 F.S. Webber …….. 20 none of the others (except Dr Friedrich’s) yielding more than 12! New correspondents for 1934, such as Dr L. Kuščer, Dr H. Friedrich, G.R. Hugues, A.G. Stevenson sent but a single small consignment each. 45 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 As to the Melilla College, several lots were received from it, but they contained mostly unclassified shells of uncertain worth for my collection. By far the most useful series obtained was that of U.S.A. fossils recorded on p. 57. Whatever importance, however, may be atrtibuted to the accretion brought to my collection this year, undoubtedly the greater part of the material acquired will serve to nothing else but to augment my stock of duplicates for exchanges. On p. 3, 7bis (addenda), 12, 13, 19, 21, 32, 39 & 50 of this catalogue will be found the names of some 78 varieties so plentifully represented that many of them could be offered on a ‘permanent list’. Thanks to the sale of specimens to the amount of 700fr not only all the costs related with the acquisition of the recent (262f.60) & fossil shells (7f.50) as well as books (170f.85) etc. (40f.50) were covered, but a benefit of 218f.65 was realized. It is less than 7 months ago that I completed the 1933 catalogue, on Sep. 24th 1936. The long winter months spent at home, combined with the almost absence of exchanges, correspondence, lessons & other duties enabled me to so speedily redact the present one”. 1935 93 [+ 1] pp.; 32.0 x 24.5 cm. “Conclusions. The outstanding experience affording me by 1935 was my journey to Spain related on p. 41. Although this 7-week absence from Rheims somewhat curtailed my exchange activities, I succeeded in obtaining approximately 615 novelties for my collection (455 recent & 60 fossil), i.e. more than twice as many as in 1934 & not far from the average attained in the two last years, viz. 679. As far as the recent sp. are concerned, nearly one half of this accretion was due to Mr. L. Jaume (200 out of 455). My correspondence with Mr. A. Feraux was productive of 60 novelties, Mr. Sundler’s share coming third with 50, Mr. Urbanski’s fourth with 27 and the Colorado museum fifth with 24. The contribution brought by Mr. Bédé, not only in recent (vide p. 10) mollusca, but chiefly in fossils (p. 75 & following) was not without importance. Although hardly any sp, could be considered as particularly large & showy (for a few of them, vide p. 2 – 23 – 27 – 58), the series received from Jaume, Fenaux, Powell, Sundler – also Urbanski & Sitsch – contained much fine and rare material which constitutes a precious addition to the fauna of Cuba, Tonquin, New Zealand, Europe (chiefly the Arctic region, Poland, the Balkans), etc., and greatly enlarged some of the groups in my collection, namely: Urocoptis Tudoridae Helix Cerion Helicinidae Lymnaea Bythinidae Clausilia Chiton Unios augmented by …………… 108 varieties — …………… — …………… — ……………. — ……………. — ……………. — ……………. — ……………. — ……………. — ……………. 49 – 26 – 18 – 10 – 10 – 10 – 10 – 6 – 15 or 16 The genus Ceres was the only one obtained which I did not yet possess. Some 200 sp. acquired in 1935 were so far insufficiently represented in my cabinets – often by a single example, as in the cases of many now completed by the additional specimens which Mssrs. Fenaux, Urbanski, Sitsch, Bédé sent me. Several thousands specimens will serve to swell my exchange stock. Mr. Béd´’s (p. 11), D.H. Baker’s (p. 39), Dr B.R. Bales’s (p. 64) lots containing the most valuable ones, whereas those marked ‘Own Collecting’, ‘Spain’, ‘Colegio del Carmen’ include large series destined to stand as permanent items among my duplicates. 46 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 No fewer than 6 new correspondents applied to me in 1935, viz.: Ch.D. Nelson, Tom Burch, D.H. Baker, J. Urbanski, Ad. Sitsch & Dr B.R. Bales, but the exchanges made with them gave a further prove of how difficult it is becoming to complete my collection: altogether they improved, indeed, but 68 sp. new to me, on an average of 11 per correspondent! The U.S.A. from where usually a large accession in novelties was received contributed this year only some 50 or 55. 47 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 14 – Summary table of 1934 catalogue. No sale of specimens was effected, in spite of which the expenses were limited to 386f.10 or £ 5.4.3. From the various consignments which reached me this year, I extracted quite a number of glass tubes, phials & tray-boxes which can all be turned to use when arranging my collection; here is the list of them: Glass tubes 166: ( Fenaux ……. 80 ( Bédé ……… 34 ( Görges ……… 22 ( Colora. Mus. …..19 ( etc. | ( Jaume … | Glass phials 115: ( Nelson … | ( Powell … | Tray-boxes: 20 (Colorado Museum) | 106 8 1 Should I proceed at the same speed with the redaction of the two next catalogues as I did with that of both the present & previous ones, 1938 should see the completion not only of that year’s, but also of the 1937 Catalogues, the arrears which have existed in my work since 1931 being thus entirely wiped out. Urbs Remensis Die XXVI mensis Novembr. anno MDCCCCXXXVII J.L. Staadt”. 1936 70 [+ 1] pp.; 32.0 x 25.0 cm. “Conclusions. The evenness, not to say monotony of our existence was interrupted in 1936 by the two month stay with us of my wife’s mother (from July 3rd to Sep 1st) and the Spanish revolutionary outbreak. These two happenings although seemingly of slight importance to me were to bring in their wake considerable mental worry to both of us & especially to my wife whom they had for effect to render a good deal restless and irascible. The civil war in Spain, beside, had a more or less direct repercussion on the French economical condition which became unfavourably affected: rise of prices, downfall of the franc (the £ reaching 106f.15 towards the end of November, whereas its value during the nine first months of the same year was only 75f.75). More expensive living & the fear of international complication deterred people from applying for lessons and my income from teaching was reduced to 310f for the whole year! Under such circumstances, it may appear that I was hardly justified in spending 607f (just over £ 7) on shells, that is 220f.90 more than in 1935. The result obtained, however, was adequate to the expense especially as far as the fossils are concerned, since approximately 367 sp. new to me were acquired at a cost of 45f.85 or less than 0f.125 per sp. This figure is exceedingly low, especially considering that the material procured included many rare sp. from the Paris Basin and an uncommonly fine series from the Florida Pliocene. The 290 new sp. of recent shells cost me 322f.35, that is more than the 455 received in 1935 when 242f.60 was spent on their acquisition. This, however, is somewhat natural, since the sp. of recent mollusca unrepresented in my collection are mostly rare and, therefore, become more and more arduous to obtain as time passes by. 48 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 15 – Summary table of 1935 catalogue. This year accretion comprised quite a number of large or fairly large & particularly remarkable forms, as well among the novelties: Achatina balteata – bardcirana – schweinfurthi, rhodacme Gymnarion roubandi Bocageia carpenteri | | | | | Bulimulus litus – montevidensis Sculptaria sculpturita Helix (Nomma) Zitteli Atlasica interica 49 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Cochlostyla norrisii – globosa – nympha Odontostomus pantegruelinus – dentatus – bergii – spixi – inflatus – tudiculatus Obba marivalensis – Webberi Bourcieria helicinaeformis Schistoloma sumatrensis Lanistes congicus Melania figurata – mitra – varicosa Potadoma graptoconus Mitra fissurata – filum – muricata Ocenebra Hanleyi Fossarus cariniferus ? Cancellaria taeniata Drillia formidabilis Turbo unguis Fissurella lanceolata – audax Dolabella teremidi Sypharochiton septentrionis Ischnochiton versicolor – australis, divaricata | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Eremina vermiculosa Vivipara bainesiana – cingulata Leptopoma maculatum – immaculatum – massenae Cerion Williamsi – casablanca – russelli – felis Campylaea balcanica – phalerata Isidora sumatrana Liolophura queenslandica Hoploplax lentiginosus Onitochiton quercinus Azara labiata Corbula patagonica – lyonii Anodontites forbesianus – patagonica – riograndensis Diplodon disculus – perplexus Monocondylaea paraguayana Nucula puelcha – felipponei Tivela perplexa Neritina navigatoria – Powisiana – longispina, despinosa – subgranosa, mutica – gracilis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liguus lossmanicus – septentrionalis – solidulus – vacaensis – cervus – blainianus – bermudezi Pterocera millepede Tonna galea Liotia sp. Mitra conulus Scala (Opalia) sp. Neritina fulgurans Mycetopoda legumen Castalia psammoica Chama congregata Corbis elegans Mactra pura Venus campechiensis Arca holoserica Lima scabra as among the sp. retained for complement of my own sets: Helicostyla bustoi – leopardus – sulana – depressa – cryptica – imperator Cerelia cumingi Auris bilabiatus Pleurodonte nobilis Simpulopsis decussata Obba bigonia Amphidromus buluanensis – maculiferus Ampullaria neritoides – – v. intusalba – urceus – flagellata – Letourneuxi Rhysota sp. Cerion argentia Voluta brasiliana 50 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Beside representation of at least 5 genera of recent shells: Bourcieria, Happia, Stephanoda, Pupisoma, Plesiotrochus & 21 or more fossil (vide p. 57, plus Siphocypraea & Ameria) not yet occurring in my cabinets, the 13 following groups of which I cannot either find previous record were equally introduced to my collection, viz.: Clessiniola Atropidina Potadomo Cacozelina | | | | | Nomma Schistophallus Moaria Microhappia Pseudonemia | | | | | Josepha Bedera Azara Carinaria (inter Ceritidae ?) Proportionally dearest of all was the contribution to my library on which was expended 238f.80 (publications with no more than 11 pl. having been secured this year, whereas those received in 1935, at a cost of only 121f.15 contained 30 pl.). This, however, is partly due to Webb’s handbook not having arrived until 1937. The material dealt with in the present catalogue was particularly abundant, the specimens numbering over 51,000 (48,941 of recent mollusca & 2,093 of fossil shells). The latter contained comparatively few duplicates, the sets with the exception of the 12 mentioned on p. 57 & of Trinacria media (94 valves) being very small (in most cases 1 to 4 examples), but the recent will yield much of me for exchanges: beside some 45.800 specimens belonging to common varieties of French non-marine mollusca and including at least 44 series of from 40 to 21,000 examples each (vide p. 13 & 28), there were about 3,140 examples among which the species for my collection as well as many others very fine and valuable for trading purposes, although yielding in most cases hardly more than a couple of spare shells each, for instance: Chenopsis serresianus Cyclophorus woodianus Helix gualteriana Scissurella costata Potamolithus lapidum Littoridina piscium Nerita fulgurans Chondropoma denticulatum Vermicularia spirata Lima scabra Iphigenia brasiliensis Cardium muricatum several Liguus, Cerion, Obba, Cochlostyla, Conus, etc. | | | | | | | All these specimens and particularly the ones retained for my own collection constitute a varied lot as well intheir generic as in their geographical distribution. The novelties of greatest interest to me came from: S. America (Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina) approximately S. Australia (Queensland) .. ………….. – Central Africa (Congo, Cameroon) ….. – Dutch Indies (Java, Sumatra) …………. – Central America (Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica) – North Africa (Morocco, Alger) ………. – Philippines ……………………………. – Mauritius ………………………………. – U.S.A. (Florida, Ohio) ………………… – Europe (Poland, Bulgaria, Creta, Italy, etc.) – 62 26 14 14 10 15 22 20 34 52 also from the Red Sea, Japan, I. Inamoton, Maledives, Seychelles, N.W. Australia, New Hebrides, Solomon I., Canada, Goree …. and the groups most added to were: ( 8 or 9 Hydrobiidae ) Cyclostomata ( 6 Ampullaria ) 32 or 33 ( 3 Vivipara ) ( 3 Leptopoma ) Helix ……… ……………….. 21 Melania, Melanopsis, Goniobasis 15 or 16 | | | | | | Pleurotimidae …… 7 or 8 Columbella ………. 7 or 8 Fissurella & Subemarginula 6 or 7 Mitra ……………… 6 or 7 Trochidae …………. 6 or 7 Chiton ……………. 6 51 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Unionidae ……………………. Neritina & Navicella …………. Clausilia ………………………. Limnaea & Chilina ……………. 14 13 or 14 10 8 Odontostomus ……. Nassa ……………… Zonitidae ………….. Cerion ……………… Mytilus & Modiola …. | | | | | 5 or 6 5 5 4 6 With the exception of the 14 sp. purchased from Mr. Pallary for 103f.15 (p. 1), those collected by myself (p. 28), brought me from Spain by my mother-in-law (p. 2) or presented by Mr. Felten (p. 13), the material here recorded was the product of exchanges (some 278 sp. obtained at a cost of about 175f.80), the most profitable of which were those completed with: G. Couprie ……………… L.P. Barattini …………… Dr. S.I. Jaeckel ………… B. Sundler ……………… J. Urbanski …………….. Dr B.R. Bales …………. 84 N.sp. 46 – 35 – 34 – 19 – 19 – p. 24 19 36 22 40 33 So many as 11 new correspondents apllied to, or exchanged with me in 1936: beside the three first ones of those just mentioned, Dr H. Allix, F.R. Kirtland, W.E. Poland, R. Fontecha, Rev. H.E.J. Biggs, V.F. Saxton, Mrs. H.R. Robertson (for the recent shells) & Maxwell Smith (for the fossils), without recording S. Tablizo, C.A. Cabarte, H.E. Wheeler, Dr Louise Perry. The results achieved, however, being small in most cases & sometimes null, emphasized once more the increasing difficulty attending the enlargement of my collection. & vars.”. This is easily explained by the fact that the latter apparently contains at present close to 28,000 sp. 1937 49 [+ 1] pp.; 32.0 x 25.0 cm. “Conclusions. In spite of somewhat adverse circumstances my collection was augmented during 1937 by close to 500 new sp. (approximately 491 – recent: 235; fossil: 256), this result being obtained at the very low cost of 175fr in which amount are included 66f.45 for litarary contribution to my library. Whole lots have been received unclassified namely from the Rev. Ford, Mr. Fenaux, Sr. Graziadei, it is impossible to make the account accurate in all its details & most of the figures in the tables placed at the end of this catalogue are subject to slight alterations. Nevertheless it may be said that the novelties – fossil as well as recent – were almost exclusively of small or even very small size & although many of them must be rare & highly interesting, particularly those mentioned on p. 5, 11 & 29 none save perhaps a few Conus, Dolium japonicum, Euglandina lignaria, 2 Limicolaria, Haplotrema euspira, Ceres colina, Cerithium stantoni, Drymaeus sp., Odontostomus Kuhnholtzianus, Annularia hilliana, Galetes congica & 4 or 5 S. American Unionidae can be considered in any way showy. The same remarks apply to the 92 ✳ sp. As to genera not yet represented in my collection, I do not think that I obtained more than 3 (Haplotrema, Synapterpes, Thomeonanina, amoung the recent & possibly 7 (Allixia, Berellaia, Thesbia, Turcia, Verticordia, Berthelinia, Pteromeris) amoung the fossils. The regions of which the fauna was chiefly added to were: Europe South & Central America (Uruguay, Brazil, Mexico, Bahamas, New Granada, Guatemala, Venezuela, Cuba, Panama, Jamaica) U.S.A. Tropical Africa New Caledonia Red Sea 52 about 62 47 26 23 12 7 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Fig. 16 – Summary table of 1936 catalogue. which accounted for 177 or just 3/4 of the new ones acquired, the other 58 coming from very many different localities: Viti, Carolines, Tonga, Marquesas, Upolu, Tongatubu, Raratonga, Paumotan, Philippines, Huaheime, Moluccas, Solomon Is., Australia, Borneo, Sumatra, Thaiti, Sandwich Is., Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Persie, Syria, Cape of Good Hope, Kamchatka, Manchuria. Almost as miscellaneous in the groups it belonged to as in its origin, the material here recorded did not yield a particularly large number of representatives of any genera. Those most interesting being: 53 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Helix Zonitidae Conus Unionidae Trochidae Clausilia Melanidae (5 Goniobasis) Buliminus (cum Chondrus) Hydrobidae (4 Potamolithus) 27 | 22 | 20 or 21 | 18 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | | Streptaxis Cypraea Cerion Planorbis Limnaea Tudora Epitonium Corbicula Glandina Solen 5 4 (or 5?) 4 4 3 3 (or 4?) 3 3 2 2 It is not without difficulty that such accretion was made to my collection. Able & enthusiastic correspondents with large supply of duplicates seem extremely rare at present and in almost every case the lots received were very small as shown below: Fenaux 53 new sp. | Bales 9 Sundler 51 | Blume 7 Sitsch 24 | Eyerdam 6 Barattini 20 | Boeckel 6 Jaeckel 18 | Biggs 5 Burch 17 | Ford 3 Graziadei 12 | Saxton 2 It may be pointed out that with 6 of these collectors (whose names above are underlined) I had not exchanged before and it is doubtful whether I shall exchange with them again, many of the sets which they sent me only duplicating my own. On the other hand, my repeated attempts at entering in communication with new correspondents or renewing dealings with former ones were entirely unfructuous [sic] & my letters to China & Japan, to Sres. Tablizo & Cabarte, Hno. Léon, Dr Alzona, Ch.T. Ramsden, Dr Louise M. Percy, Maxwell Smith, Lehman, Poland, Spicer, Dr Newton Drier, Bermúdez, Couprie, … remained unanswered. This is probably to a great deal to be accounted for by the uncertainty of the international situation now prevailing all through the world & which has become still more threatening since last year. As far as I am concerned I was obliged to restain [sic] expenses on shells in order to somewhat make up for the increase in cost of living. Thus I renounced my membership in the German Malacological Society, as owing to the highly disadvantagious [sic] exchange rate, I should have had to pay about 112f for my subscription to ‘Archiv für Molluskenkunde’ as compared with 75f.30 in 1936. (How much the French money progressively lost of its value is illustrated by the following figures taken in connection with the £; 1935: £ = 74f.43; 1936: £ = 83f.20; 1937: £ = 128f.65 approximate average quotation according to my own reckoning). The rate of postage, transport was raised from about the middle of July, which measure is evidently not inducive [sic] to the development of exchanges. Furthermore the amount paid to me for lessons dwindled down to 240f. Unavoidably such unprosperous conditions had also a depressing effect on our private life: we were unable to take holidays of any sort & my wife, further worried by the continuation of the war in Spain, grew dissatisfied, fidgety, peevish … Before concluding I might add that of more importance perhaps than the actual increase of my collection is the fact that the present catalogue brings very nearly abreast of the complete study & preliminary arrangement of the material in my possession. Efforts will have to be continued in the same direction so as to still accentuate that advance while fuller lists and records of all kinds (generic, specific, geographical, etc.) should be compiled in view of the long anticipated organization of my Museum. Urb Remensis die 7o mensis Januarii, anno MDCCCCXXXIX May God bess us! 54 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 J.L. Staadt”. Fig. 17 – Summary table of 1937 catalogue. 1938 47 pp. [+ 1] pp.; 32.0 x 25.0 cm. “Conclusions. ‘God laughs at the presumption of man who wants to raise and prostrate the powers on earth without consulting the King above’ 1938 was a year of crisis, both national as domestic as far as I am concerned. The war cloud weighed heavily on the horizon until the international situation growing worse culminated with the mobilisation of September. My wife becoming more and more unsettled in her mind finally left me on November 20. 55 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 As may be readily conceived these happening with their consequent disturbancies [sic], anxieties & costs were far from propitious to the increase of conchological correspondence & the extension of my museum. As a matter of fact it proved impossible in the whole of 1938 to obtain more than 3 fairly important lots of recent molluscs, viz: from Mr. E. Edlauer with 53 N.sp. (p. 1) Tom Burch 47 (p. 18) E.C. Huffman 45 (p. 27) the other correspondents with whom I exchanged with not having supplied me with more than: 21 N.sp. (Urbanski, p. 25); 19 (Fenaux, p. 6); 19 (Bales, p. 14); 17 (Sundler, p. 15); 16 (Webber, p. 4), etc., so that it is doubtful whether I obtained altogether 260 sp. new to me. These figures, however, do not compare unfavourably with the corresponding ones for 1937 when I acquired only 235 N.sp. of recent shells (vide 1937 Catalogue, p. 46). With regard to fossils, the results attained were much less satisfactory still, sp. unrepresented in my collection not numbering more than a couple of dozens, whereas those received in the precedent year reached 256. Considering that the recent molluscs alone cost me this year 334f.85 (instead of 181.15 in 1937) or nearly 1f.30 each and that 278f.45 (instead of 66.45 in 1937) were spent on library contributions (with 91 plates), expenses (624f.90 in all) ran very high in proportion to the accretion brought to both my collection & library. Compared with the 1936 records, the total expenditure for that year (607f) and the number of new sp. of recent mollusca (290) then obtained, were about the same as now, but many more novelties in the way of fossils had been received in 1936 (367 instead of 24!). The sp. useful for supplementing my own sets seem to have been about in the same number as last year (90 instead of 92 in 1937), but possibly the material recorded in the present catalogue includes more ‘display’ shells such as Rhysota, Helicostyla, Obba, Liguus, Caracolus, Chondrothyra (6 sp. p. 3), Oxystyla, Cerion; Dolim luteostoma; Vermetus pennatus; Chiton, Ovula, Acmaea, Ostrea, … The duplicates for exchange purpose were alas more numerous & more valuable than those obtained in 1937, comprising some rather plentiful sets of particular interest (vide p. 7). Between 2 & 9 generic terms unknown to me may refer to groups so far unrepresented in my cabinets: Odontocyclas, Ginaia, Alaca, Pholcoteras, Xestopyrgula, Chilopyrgula, Cosmoconcha. Parametaria, Crassinella, while the principal accretions were made to: ( Chondrothyra 6 Holostoma 32 (or more) N.sp. ( Pyrgula 4 Clausilia 25 ( id. ) ( Hartmannia 4 Helix 18 ( Acme 3 etc. Pupidae 12 (or more) | Pyramidellidae 5 Chiton 11 | Columbella 5 Zonitidae 10 | Helicostyla 5 Pleurotomidae 9 or 10 | Cerion 5 Acmaea 7 or 8 | Buliminus 4 or 5 Trochidae 7 | Crepidula, Hipponyx, ) 4 Rissoa 7 (??) | Crucibulum ) The larger proportion of these sp. came from: California – Mexico 110 N.sp. Southern Europe 80 – the 70 other N.sp. belonging, with very few exceptions from Florida, Canada, Central Africa & India, to the fauna of the Philippines, Cuba & Bahamas. The impediments of various kinds, some of which were stated at the beginning of this relation & others such as the growing cost of living, the rise of postage rate from Nov. 17 (inland) & Dec. 1 (abroad), the general lack of enthusiasm, under the present circumstances, for so engrossing & profitless a persuit [sic] as the study of mollusca, and last but not least the degree of completeness already attained by my collection, are responsible for the soaring of expenses to an extent hardly counterbalanced by the scantiness of progress achieved. Efforts made at enlarging my circle of correspondents met with about as little success as in 1937 & over 30+ which I spent on applying to Messrs Cawston (S. Africa); Viader (Mauritius); Dr Sacroix (France); A. Clerk (Jamaica); L. Faustino (Philippines); B. Proctor (Florida); L. Brock (Texas); L.E. Johns & S.J. Brooks 56 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 (U.S.A.); Dr H. Boschma (Holland); Spalding (Hawaii); Hermann (Australia); Bermúdez (Cuba), etc. were entirely wasted. Herr Edlauer, Miss Koto, Mrs. Calleja, Mrs. Schwengel & Mr. Huffman, however, are five collectors with whom I exchanged for the first time this year. In spite of the house-owners being allowed to suppress the reduction of 10% imposed on the rents in favour of the tenants, this measure did not make up for the increase of expenses accrueing [sic] from other sources & for the pettiness of that part of my income derived from lessons & which amounted to 380f (instead of 240 in 1937). Although from different points of view, the situation may not appear very promising, it is not altogether hopeless & without its redeeming features. One must always remember that ‘when things look blackest they are nearest to mend’, also that there is no cloud without a silver lining, which all comes to say that God never abandons those who trust in him. Quite possibly war may be averted, at least for the present. It is to be hoped that my wife will recognize her errors & become amenable to a more sensible behaviour. Whether our separation will be conductive to a better understanding between us remains to be seen; what appears to be certain is that it will hasten the vacation by my father of his flat, thus at last enabling me to set up & organize my museum on the 1st floor, as I have so long wished to do. Precisely at the moment when the fulfilment of that desire appears to be close at hand, it may seem remarkable & as though brought about by Providence, that such a decrease in the obtention of new material should have taken place, thus affording me more leisure together with the possibility of completing the present catalogue within 4 months of terminating the precedent one. Thanks to this acceleration the long delay (often 12 months sometimes more) for so many years attending the redaction of these catalogues, has at last been made up for and it is very gratifying to be able to say that the whole of the material I possess is arranged by groups, ready for final revision & labelling as well as carefully listed with all records & data up to this day. The task now in perspective would consist in the display and exhibition of probably not far from 30,000 sp: ( Gastropoda 17,360 Recent: ( Pelecypoda 3,035 Fossil: 8,233 ) 20,395 ) 28,628 varieties registered up to Jan. 1. 1939, of which approximately 4,500 may be considered as already definitely labelled. The arrangement of the other 24 or 25,000 would require exactly a dozen cabinet s of the size I already possess! As to my library, it would include, beside many classical works purchased formerly such as those by Bellardi & Sacco; Hoernes & Auinger; Cossmann & Pissarro; Edwards; Fontannes; Brusina; Dautzenberg, etc., a number of books & pamphlets acquired since 1918 & containg over 600 plates! The above figures give an idea of the amount of labour, time, space & money required to carry such undertaking to a satisfactory completion. May God allow me to perform this work as a monument to his glory! Urbs Remensis Die V mensis Maij an. MDCCCCXXXIX J.L. Staadt”. 1939 40 [+ 1] pp.; 32.0 x 25.0 cm. “Conclusions. Exactly 12 months have elapsed since last year’s catalogue was brought to a close on the 5th of May 1939. Since then some happenings of vival [sic] importance to the whole world, others of more personal interest to me have taken place and unfortunately it must be owned that nearly all of them were of a very sad nature or at least highly perturbing in their consequences. On the 1st of June my father left his house to retire to the Maison de Retraite; the next day I took possession of his flat, moving from downstairs to the 1st floor & started immediately to work preliminary to the organisation of my museum; on July 4 my wife came back from Bordeaux to live with me again (after an absence of exactly 8 & 1/2 months); on Sept. 3rd the war broke out; on Sept. 7 my father was evecuated [sic] from Rheims to Esternay. A very severe winter (followed by inundations and a cyclone which did much damage – my own house not being spared). The unceasingly rising cost of all commodities including food, the curtailment of income drawn from tenants, the increase of taxation, postage rate (from December 1st), etc. combined with other circumstances brought in their wake a train of extra expenses, hardships, & worries which had for results, or at least probably hastened my father’s decease on Febr. 23, 1940 & my wife’s second departure on March 12, 1940 (after a stay of just 8 months and one week). 57 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Little alleviation was received in these misfortunes & the future still remains heavy with menaces: the war spreading out to new countries and the situation between myself and my wife being more obscure & unsettled than ever. Fig. 18 – Summary table of 1938 catalogue. In an endeavour to review a brighter side of things and in order to prove that the Lord never altogether forsakes those who trust in Him, it may be said that the deficiencies in my income were somewhat compensated through other channels: on one hand I earned a good deal more by means of lessons than in the 4 last years as shown by the following figures: 1935: 763f.50 (p. 91) 1936: 320f (p. 66) 1937: 240f (p. 46) 1938: 380f (p. 44) 1939: 1.085f (p. 35) 58 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 on the other hand, I had less expense while living alone during one half of 1939. To come at last to what particularly interest us here and which is the real object of the present catalogue, viz. the survey of what I did in 1939 exclusively from the conchological point of view, it must be stated that I was able to increase my collection by 240 sp. (exactly one half recent & the other half fossil) and my library with works containing over 90 plates, that is very closely at the same rate as last year with 284 novelties were added to my cabinets & publications with 91 plates to my library. As far as amounts spent on the obtention of shells – recent & fossil considered together – are concerned, little difference is to be found between 1938 & 1939, but the case is not the same with costs referring to literary contributions, the sum of which came up this year to 616f.90 as compared with 278f.45 last year. Among the most remarkable new sp. of recent mollusca acquired in 1939 may be mentioned: Voluta pulchra | Vermicularia pellucida Conus fergusoni | Orula (cf) birostris Murex elenensis | Dentalium vallicolens – cervicornis | Marginella veliei Euglandina balesi | – delessertiana Papuina tayloriana | – lautzi – genulabris | – picturata Ennea cerea | Chama granti Cerion calcareum | – buddiana – christopheri | Sanguinolaria tellenoides – sarcostomum | Barbatia pistachia Helicina cumingiana their origin being mostly: Central America about 20 ) U.S.A. 19 ) New Zealand 18 ) Australia 17 ) = 120 Europe 13 ) Mauritius 11 ) Miscellanea 22 ) The sets retained for enlargement of those already in my collection numbered about 50 including some valuable forms such as: Cypraea reevei | Tegula montereyi Polinices draconis | – pulligo Antiplanes perversus | Parthenia sp. Epitonium scalare | Apolymetis biangulata Cancellaria laevigata | Mactra dissimilis Beside those collected by myself (p. 20) duplicates were yielded almost exclusively by Mr. Hermann’s lot (p. 15), although in smaller number, they will also be drawn from the series sent by M. Clarke (p. 19), Chavan (p. 8), Sundler (p. 5), Sitsch (p. 12), Kaas-Broek (p. 14), Powell (p. 2). The accretion in fossils is of interest not only from the geological & geographical viewpoint, many specimens coming from horizons & regions the fauna of which was scantily, if at all, represented in my cabinets: Paleocene & Miocene of California, Miocene of Florida and New Zealand, Pleistocene of Holland, but also because some were very fine: Megasurcula carpenteri, Gisortia tuberculosa, Athleta petrosa, Volutopsis hadra, awamoensis, wilcoxensis, etc. or the groups they belong to are particularly attractive: Cancellaria Volutidae Turridae Olividae Crassatella Limopsis Ostrea Lucina 5 N.sp. 5 – 4 – 4 – 3 – 3 – 6 – 9 or 10 – and, in some cases were entirely new to me: 59 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Mololopophorus Brucharkia Papillina Sinistrella | | | | Megasurcula Grateloupia Talabrica Spissatella All this material was obtained at a very slow pace & not without trouble & expenses, since the 240 novelties cost me 283f, that is over 1f.15 each and were the product of 30 exchanges (meaning an average of 8 N.sp per exchange!) with 18 correspondents, 8 of whom sent me specimens for the first time in 1939: Briscoe, Hostic, Chavan, Viader, Kaas-Broek, Hermann, Clarke & Miss Keen. The chief contributions in recent mollusca were received from: B. Sundler A.W.B. Powell Dr B.R. Bales Ad. Sitsch R. Viader E.C. Huffman H.W. Hermann 21 N.sp. and in fossils from: 19 H.B. Stinzel 18 Miss Myra Keen 12 E. Hostic 11 Miss Mc Gramery 10 A.W.B. Powell 10 Kaas-Broek. During the first half of 1939 I made vain efforts in order to enter into correspondence with various other collectors: E.J. Standine, Prof. P.E. Johns, Ch.W. Schlagel, Monmejan, E.R. Smith, W. Wenz, whose address had been mostly given by Mrs. Calleja & Mr. Peyrot, but the conditions in Europe becoming more & more unpropitious and my requirements so difficult to satisfy, all hopes of extending my exchanges had to be abandoned at least until more favourable circumstances prevail. The slackening, not to say complete interruption of activity in one department – which seems likely to last for some time yet – is to be taken advance of to organize my museum, work left off since 1911 when not only my departure from Rheims, but also the lack of space prevented me from proceeding with it. Disposing at present of suitable premises which I had so long coverted & able to regain – after 28 years – the access to my former Rh. collection & library, I have lost no time in setting to the task. From June the 1st to June 13th (Tuesday midday) I was busy vacating the habitation downstairs where I had stayed for the last 9 years since my arrival from England, on July 23, 1930, dismantling what had been my study in by-gone days (between 1907 & 1911), placing the furniture where it now tands in the living rooms, the museum & the laboratory (or workshop) and erecting in the latter a series of shelves destined to receive the boxes of specimens awaiting to be examined. I then undertook the opening of the many cases sent from London & was engaged with it until July 31 when I started dividing the whole of the unlabelled material accumulated for nearly 30 years into 23 categories, viz. Volutidae | Oliva | Pleurotoma Strombidae | Terebra | Bulla, Acteon & Ringicula Tritonidae | Fusacea | Scaphopoda Purpura | Nassa | Genera after Cerithium Murex | Columbella | Pulmonata Cypraea | Marginella | Pelecypoda Conus | Harpa | Fossils | Cancellaria | Non-mollusca | Mitra | This work done, I put my library in order, all these preliminaries having taken me very nearly 2 months & a half, so that not before Aug the 9th I was able to begin the arrangement proper of my collection. In the 9 months that have followed, up to now (May 6, 1940) I have succeeded in classifying the following groups: Volutidae, Strombidae, Cassidae & Tritonidae (ex parte) which occupy 18 shelves or exactly a whole cabinet. Now that the actual task is at last well started upon and the fulfilment of a hope so long delayed appears to be near at hand, we pray the Lord that he may grant us its complete realisation and let us find in it much enjoyment as we felt in its expectation. We are fully aware that the length & arduousness of our enterprise and we realize, beside, that in all probability it will have to carried through amid many obstacles & perplexities which the present circumstances are not likely to spare us, but we are equally convinced that if it pleases God to sustain us complete success is sure to attend our efforts. May He guide us and may all our deed serve to the extension of his kingdom. 60 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Urbs Remensis Die VI Maii Mensis ann. MDCCCCXL J.L. Staadt”. Fig. 19 – Summary table of 1939 catalogue. 61 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 1940 20 pp.; 32.0 x 25.0 cm. “Conclusions. A decade has now passed since I arrived from London, with my dear wife, on July 22, 1930. Who would have thought at that time that precisely 10 years later, having been compelled to relinquish my home, I should find myself, now altogether bereft of family & acquaintance, in a small village, miles away from Rheims, among the German occupation army! What are we then to be compared to if not to the dead leaves driven by the autumnal wind? Of these 10 years, the 3 first ones passed happily then occurred the tragedy of my life: on July 27, 1933 my poor wife passed away – 1934 & 1935 marked by my re-marriage & my journey to Spain seem to bring me a temporary relief, but soon adversary circumstances followed each other: Revolution in Spain, increase of cost of living, reduction of income, international complication[s] with their threatening consequences, my wife’s mental condition becoming impaired, and disaster appeared more & more imminent at home as well as abroad. On Sept. 3, 1939 war broke out. Then came the 10th year of the decade, this fateful 1940 which will leave on the mind of some many an indelible memory of anxiety, fear, suffering, trials & losses of many kinds, mourning & sorrows followed by more hardships & privations during an exceptionally severe winter. Personally I must thank God for having granted me his protection all through this pertubed [sic] period and allowed me to come out of it without injury or any great discomfort, the pecuniary losses I had to suffer being small as compared to the ruins accumulated in many quarters. I also feel grateful to Him that He spared my deceased wife the grievous sight of the a second war which might have proved to her, at the the age of 66, still greater an ordeal than the 1914 one; the same can be said concerning my father who had passed away on the 23rd of February. May they both enjoy undisturbed peace in a better world than this one! My wife’s desertion on March 12 was a perplexing circumstance indeed which, however, had become unavoidable and was soon to be followed by the evacuation of Rheims on May 21. From that date to Aug 1st I lived quietly at Thury (in company of little Agnes, a neighbour from the Rue Clovis, whose acquaintance I had made on the very eve of my departure from home and that stay of nearly 2 months and a half, had it been made under less hazardous circumstances, could have been considered an altogether pleasurable and inexpensive holiday. On Aug. 4, I was back in Rheims, where I had the satisfaction of finding my house and its contents exactly as I had left it and almost immediately I settled down again to conchological work. In spite of a considerable brought about not only as the result of the war, but also through having to take various steps with regard to my father’s succession, the recovery of his furniture, etc. and the necessity of performing myself all household tasks since the departure of my wife, notwithstanding also the complete interruption of all postal intercourse which precluded altogether any further exchange during the second half of the year, I succeeded in acquiring approximately 182 sp. new to me (150 recent and about 32 fossil), result which does not compare too unfavourably with that obtained in the two last years, especially considering both under what circumstances and as how small a cost it was achieved and taking also into account the growing difficulty of completing my collection. The relative importance of the accretion brought by 1940 can be best appreciated by consulting the following table in which is recorded the number of new species – recent as well as fossil – obtained during each of the last 10 years together with thei corresponding costs: 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 N.sp recent 987 752 878 178 455 290 235 260 120 150 4,305 + 16,360 + 20,665 + N.sp fossil 100 24 222 80 160 367 256 24 120 32 1,385 = 7,000 = 8,385 = N.sp. total 1.087 776 1,100 258 615 657 491 284 240 182 5,690 23,360 29,050 62 Costs 1.615fr 884.20 2,718 386f.10 607 175 624.90 1,423 191.35 218f.65 profit Previous to 1931 To-day about Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 It is thanks to my exchange with the Carnegie Museum from which 100 novelties were received that this year did not yield less material for my collection than any previous one. With the exception of 36 (14 from the West Indies, 13 from Tropical Africa, 6 from S. America), all the new sp. (both recent & fossil) came from U.S.A. They included very few showy shells: 3 sp. of Achatina, 2 of Lanistes, Pachychilus mexicanus; Colus stimpsoni, brevis; several Unios, 2 Astarte; Periploma leanum, …, but many small & probably rare ones such as the 9 Turbonilla, 3 Odostomia, 3 Volvulella, 2 Cuspidaria, 5 Somatopyrgus; Gulella laevigata, Admete rhyssa, Turcica caffra, Alvania montereyensis, Bothriopupa conoidea, etc. Only one or two genera were so far unknown to me: Doryssa and Amphigyra. Save 2 or 3 odd sets, the material for exchanges was supplied exclusively by my own takings in the Marne & the Yonne (see p. 8). Fig. 20 – Summary table of 1940 catalogue It is in vain that attempts were made at having dealings with new correspondents: Gorn Inaba, Cleto Sanchez, Dr Raoul Guitart: exchanges have to be considered as postponed ‘sine die’. The literary contribution was practically limited to Peyrot’s work on the fossil Gastropoda of the Loire, which although well illustrated & highly interesting, cost me nothing, while on the other hand I paid nearly 100f for the Nautilus of which only one No. reached me! During just over 9 months which have passed since the conclusion of my last catalogue, on May 6, 1940, circumstances did not allow me to complete more than the classification and exhibition in my cabinets of the fam. Tritonidae & Purpuridae (with the exception of the genus Ricinula just started upon), so that 5 groups only have been almost entirely dealt with within about 15 months (interruptions being taken into account), since Aug. 9, 1939 when I began organizing my museum. A huge task, therefore, remains to be accomplished for which more freedom of other cares as well as much mental tranquillity would be required. Unfortunately the immediate prospects with so many nations at war and other threatening to enter the struggle, with starvation appearing imminent & alarming rumours of all kinds abroad, are rather dismal. Personal preoccupations assist me and it is not without apprehension that I look to the future: the fear of general bankruptcy with its disastrous consequences does not seem to be groundless nor the [illigible] of further trouble and sorrow on account of my wife from whom I have not heard for now exactly 11 months and who left me such a bitter memory of painful discussions, distressing scenes, insults, calumnies, heartfelt disappointment & useless expenses. May God have mercy on her and on us all, and His will, and His peace, and His kingdom be supreme on earth! (Supplementary notes on the evacuation of Rheims and the stay at Thury). My last parcel was sent to Sundler, on April the 8th, precisely the day when the Germans started their attack in Norway. 63 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 My 1939 Catalogue was finished on May 6. On May 9 I went to Chamery. and it is the next day, May 10 (Friday) that I gave my last lesson in Epernay, when was announced the invasion of Holland, Belgium & Luxemburg. The 3 or 4 last days in Rheims previous to the evacuation were fraught with too much anxiety to allow of any work being carried out and, on my return, a few days also elapsed, up to Aug. 8, before I resume my occupation, so that the interruption of my conchological work was exactly 12 weeks. Mercurii die XII Februarii mensis an. MCMXLI Urbs Remensis J.L. Staadt”. 64 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 APPENDIX II. LIST OF PERSONS ACTING AS CORRESPONDENTS OR AS COLLABORATORS The persons below are listed in alphabetical order, with their life time (if known), country of origin at the time in contact, and reference to literature. Persons not mentioned in COAN & KABAT (2019) are marked with an asterisk (*) and their address (if recorded in the catalogues) is given in order to facilitate future biographical research. *Albeniz, Jesús Jiménez (?-?) [Spain] — Contact at the Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Carmen, Melilla and also collector for Pallary (q.v.); colleague of Arnáiz (q.v.). Sent two consigments early 1934 (JLS34: 31). Allen, Charles Curry (1862-1934) [U.S.A.] — A shop owner in Florida; “he had a host of foreign collectors on his list with whom he exchanged often” (Emery, 1934). JLS only exchanged with him in 1926. *Allix, Henri (?-?) [France] — Address in 1936: 1, rue de l’Alma, Cherbourg. “Having specialized in microscopic study of polyzoa, foraminifera, cirripeds, mollusca, etc. & obtained specimens from Cossmann, de Boury, Monterosato, Bonnet, Hondas, Pissarro, …, also from a Dr. Kaneko mentioned in one of his first letters to me, Dr. Allix evidently possesses an important collection of tertiary shells” (JLS36: 10). *Alonso, Eusebio (?-?) [Spain] — Contact at the Colegio de la Salle, Almería, Spain (JLS34: 34). Sent two consignments mid-1934 and one in 1935. *Apolinar Maria (Hno.) [Nicolas Seiler] (1867-1949) [France/Colombia] — Founder of the Museo de La Salle de Bogotá in 1904, was director until his death. “After a long correspondence dating as far back as the beginning of 1923, Brother Apolinar Maria (Instituto de la Salle, Calle 11, No. 11, Bogota) whose address had been obtained from the Colombian Consul in London, sent me 4 consignments of shells” (JLS25: 54). They continued exchanges during 1926. See also ANONYMOUS, 2014 and LÓPEZ, 1989. *Arnáiz, Desiderio (?-?) [Spain] — Contact at the Colegios de Nuestra Señora del Carmen, Melilla, Spain (JLS34: 34); colleague of Albéniz (q.v.). Sent two consignments during the latter part of 1934. *Baker, Charles Fuller (?-?) [Philippines] — Exchanged twice, in 1924 and 1927. The contact was made by P.B. Sivickis of the University of the Philippines in Manila. *Baker, D.H. (?-?) [New Zealand] — “Another new correspondent for me was Mr. D.H. Baker, of St. Margaret, Main Rd, Kohimarama, Auckland” (JLS35: 39). Baker, Fred (1854-1938) [U.S.A.] — Medical doctor, visited Central and South America several times, resided in San Diego and co-founded the San Diego Natural History Society (BAILY, 1938). Exchanged in 1924 and 1925. Baker, Frank Collin (1867-1942) [U.S.A.] — Best known as curator at various Chicago institutions and freshwater molluscs specialist (VAN CLEAVE, 1943). Contacts in 1925 and 1928. Bales, Blenn Rife (1876-1946 [U.S.A.] — Surgeon in Ohia, where he collected land and freshwater molluscs; spent periodically time in Florida where he collected marine species (PILSBRY & BAKER, 1947). “Dr Bales’ first letter was in answer to my notice in the ‘Nautilus’ & dated July 27th 1935. Although apparently a beginner, Dr Bales who evidently is a man of means, keen on shells and an active exchanger, collected a great deal in Florida (…), had his material identified at the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences and put himself into communication with various collectors in the U.S.A., New Zealand, Australia, Hawai [sic], Cuba, etc. (W.J. Weyerdam, W.H. Weeks, E.C. Huffman, M.L. Jaume, J. Pindar, L.S. Blaisdell, … mentioned on his labels” (JLS35: 64). They exchanged, often more than once per year, during five years. Barattini, Luis Pedro (1903-1965) [Uruguay] — JLS started his exchange with him in 1936, and wrote “The value of this material lies (…) in its coming from S. America (Uruguay & Brazil), a region the fauna of which is most difficult to complete” (JLS36: 19). One further exchange in 1937. *Barbon, Elpidio C. (?-?) [Philippines] — “The address of mr. Elpidio C. Barbon (269, Tupas S. San Nicolas, Cebu, Philippine Islands) was procured by Father Pollock who had recommended him to me as a collector of shells providing schools and Museums with study material”. One sending received, three years after the initial letter had been sent by JLS (JLS27: 55). *Bardwell, E.H. (?-?) [Australia] — Address in 1926: 9 Union Street, Subiaco, Western Australia. Two exchanges in 1926 and 1927. 65 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 *Barrett, Charles (?-?) [Australia] — “The sole exchange which I effected which I effected with Mr. Charles Barrett, ‘Maralena’ Maybury Avenue, Elslernwick, Victoria, Australia, for whose address I am endebted to Mr. Oliver’s courtesy, turned out in spite of its small size, a very satisfactory transaction” (JLS1925: 102). Bayer, Charles Gustave François Hubert (1887-1956) [Netherlands] — Was curator of invertebrates in the Leiden museum 1930-1952. Corresponded with JLS in 1932, 1934 and 1949. JLS asked for land and freshwater species from the Dutch colonies, and was especially eager to obtain a specimen of Crassopoma planorbulum (Lamarck, 1822). *Bédé, Eugène Paul (1883-1963) [France/Tunesia] — Was Director of the Zoo in Sfax, Tunesia, when JLS became in contact with him (see also BREURE, 2015: 92, fig. 71; SEBAÏ, 2017). “De 1902 a 1913 les coquilles furent ma principale distraction. Venu ici (à Sfax en 1904), j’ai dû de par ma situation les abandonner pour me consacrer aux oiseaux et aux mammifères. Il y a 3 ans envisageant ma retraite en 1938 et mon retour aux environs de Paris, je me suis remis aux coquilles et ai recommencé ma collection qui fut presque totalement détruite par un incendie en 1920. En l’état actuel j’ai beaucoup de choses ayant acquis la collection Stauffer et je possède bon nombre d’espèces de l’Afrique du Nord échangées à Mr. Pallary. (…) Les fossiles m’intéressent bien davantage. Outre le Basin de Paris (Eocène), j’ai de l’Eocène d’Angleterre – très peu – de la Loire Inférieure, du Cotentin et de belles séries d’Australie et d’Amérique, un peu de l’Inde (…). Le miocène de France et de la Floride (alum bluff series), la pliocène belge (scaldisien) & de la Floride sont assez bien representés dans ma collection; j’ai aussi de nombreuses esp. du quartenaire tunesien” (JLS33: 78-79). Continued an active correspondence with him all through 1934, 1935 and 1936. Beltrani, Vito (?-?) [South Africa] — JLS exchanged first with him in 1930 (no address available due to Catalogue lost), and 1931. Benthem Jutting, Woutera Sophie Suzanna van (Mrs. Pieter van der Feen) (1899-1991) [Netherlands] — She was Assistant curator at the Zoological Museum Amsterdam 1919-1924, from 1925-1929 and 19331964 as curator; from 1930-1932 she was Curator at the Zoological Museum in Buitenzorg (now: Bogor), Indonesia (ENGEL et al., 1964). In September 1934, Benthem Jutting sent a consignment of shell, among which the ‘Crassopoma planorbulus (Lam.)’ which was so desired by JLS (see above). Bermúdez, Pedro Joaquín (1905-1979) [Cuba] — Palaeontologist who worked at the University of Caracas, Venezuela and later at Museo Poey, Havana. Exchanges in 1927 and 1928. Biggs, Herbert Edwin James (1895-1973) [U.K.] — Started correspondence with him after reading a paper in The Nautilus on Persian shells (BIGGS, 1936; see also CROWLEY, 1973). They made only one exchange. Blume, Werner (1887-1965) [Germany] — “When writing to me for the first time Dr. Werner Blume (…) stated he had received my address from Dr. C.R. Boettger” (JLS37: 14). Boeckel, Werner (1909-1941) [Germany] — “One more collector of whom I had never heard before (except perhaps seeing his name mentioned of some of Mr. Sundler’s labels) (…) was Herr Werner Boeckel, Lehrer, Gleina über Freyburg” (further biographical details in Bössneck & Bössneck, 2009). He was only interested in European species and JLS concluded that their exchange “cannot, therefore, be looked upon as a particularly brilliant transaction” (JLS37: 10). Bravo, José Julian (1874-1927) [Peru] — Minerologist and palaeontologist who also got interested in marine and non-marine molluscs. A partial reconstruction of his collection, and the correspondence with JLS has been discussed in MOGOLLÓN AVILA & BREURE (2009). J.J. Bravo Jr. (1887-?) did not continue the correspondence after his first letter exchange with JLS in 1928 (JLS28: 171). *Brightwell, L.R. (?-?) [U.K.] — JLS met him at the NHM during 1924; they made some exchanges during that and following year. “…although he apparently did some dredgings off Dorset, the Yorkshire coast and the Faröe Islands, his collection seems to have progressed very little” (JLS25: 99). No further data known. *Briscoe, M.S. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — Address in 1939: Storer College, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. *Brookes, Albert E. (?-?) [New Zealand] — Address in 1928: Okauia, Matamata, Waikata. “In all appearances, Mr. Brookes who according to one of his letters (Aug. 20th 1927) possesses about 8,000 species, is an experienced collector + his list of duplicates (214 sp.) appended hereto shows that he is exceedingly well provided in New Zealand material, terrestrial as well as marine” (JLS28: 175). They exchanged also in 1929 [data lost] and 1933. Brooks, Stanley Truman (1902-1958) [U.S.A.] — Contact of JLS in the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh. Sent a list of duplicates for exchange based on material from the Ortmann and Clapp collections. One exchange in 1940. 66 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 *Brown, A.J. (?-?) [unknown] — The contact was made in 1923 [data lost]. Brown, Walter Lincoln (1866-1942) [U.S.A.] — They made one exchange in 1933. JLS had wished he had taken up earlier contact with him as Brown wrote in one of his letters “I have been collecting for 30 years (…) Once I received about a thousand dollars worth of shells of Mr. Chas. F. Mant of Honolulu, who exchanged with me for stamps. Recently I sold my collection of 6,700 sp. to Mr. Lowe & have begun making up a new one with my duplicates as nucleus” (JLS33: 12). Burch, Thomas Adams (1918-?) [U.S.A.] — “A beginner in the study of shells, Mr. T. Burch, of 4031, Oakwood St., Inglewood, California, having found my address in the ‘Nautilus’ applied to me for the first time with a view to making exchanges, on March 29th”. In 1937 JLS exchanged a second time with him, and received both Recent and Pleistocene fossils. Burnett, William Elliot (1872-1933) [U.S.A.] — An amateur collector whose collection after his death went to the Carnegie Museum (Brooks, 1934). JLS only made one exchange with him. *Calleja, Niña Leslie (Mrs. Mario) (?-?) [U.S.A.] — Address in 1938: 322 Elizabeth Street, Key West, Florida. “Undoubtedly Mrs. Calleja is an exceptionally bright woman, strongly interested in shells & who within a comparatively short time has been able to build up a collection & carry on exchanges with numerous correspondents: Mr. Clench, Huffman, T. Burch, Eyerdam, Fred Baker, Rev. Ford, Mrs. Kirtland (now Mrs. Lowe), Brown, Briscoe, Sitsch, B. Sundler, Mrs. Elliott, Mrs. Hadley, Capt. Block, Mr. McGowan, Mr. Cales, etc.” (JLS39: 11). *Carré, A. (?-?) [France] — Address in 1934: rue Damide, Reims. “In 1934, Mr. A. Carré made a journey to the North Pole where he collected a number of marine shells with which he presented me on his return” (JLS34: 16). Caruthers, Morris Ewing (1884-1971) [U.S.A.] — Exchanged material in 1927 and 1931, and received mostly specimens from California and the U.S. Atlantic coasts. Chace, Emery Perkins (1882-1980) [U.S.A.] — See KEEN (1981). Several exchanges in 1924, 1925 and 1926. *Chavan, A. (?-?) [France] — Address in 1939: 1, Avenue Henri Martin, Nanterre, Dept. Seine, France. “He seems both an active collector & author” (JLS39: 8); his publications were on fossils. Clarke, John H. (1888-1944) [U.S.A.] — Came into connection via Mrs. Whitmore (q.v.); “Although Mr. Clarke mentioned as well Miss Myra Keen of Stanford University & stated that he had exchanged in the Philippines, Hawaii, Florida, Malta, Brit. Columbia, Canada, Cuba, (…) the bulk of his material was Californian (…) [he] was primarily interested in marine mollusca” (JLS39: 19). Clench, William James (1897-1984) [U.S.A.] — Curator of Mollusca at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. The contact with Clench started in 1925; the last contact was in 1934. Clench predominantly sent West Indian species, but also suggested some further contacts. Cooper, James Eddowes (1864-1952) [U.K.] — “I became acquainted with Mr. J.E. Cooper, 10 Dukes Ave. Finchley, N.3 through meeting at the British Museum, in the course of Dec. 1926” (JLS26: 155). He sent JLS one consignment, including co-types of a new species described by Cooper & Preston. Cossmann, Alexandre Édouard Maurice (1850-1924) [France] — Was managing engineer at the Compagnie des Chemin de fer du Nord and became interested in fossils from the Paris Basin. See also DOLLFUS, 1925. *Couprie, G. (?-?) [France] — Address in 1936: Lycée de Nantes, Nantes. Dept. Loire-Inferieure; occupation: “Répétiteur”. “In his letters to me Mr. Couprie mentioned having obtained specimens from Dr. Dollfuss, Lt.Colonel Messager, Pallary, Bédé, Sundler, Géret, Fulton, … as well as collectors in the U.S.A. (chiefly California), Cuba (evidently L. Jaume), Australia, etc.” (JLS36: 24). *Court, E. (?-?) [unknown] — The contact was made in 1923 [data lost]. Dautzenberg, Philippe (1849-1935) [France] — After he left Reims in 1911 JLS had not corresponded with Dautzenberg, but re-started the correspondence in 1931 “in order to obtain some of his publications (…). In 1932 I wrote to him again soliciting his assistance in the determination of material received from Mr. Demange. When returning the specimens which I had submitted to him, Mr. Dautzenberg added to them many interesting species of Gastropoda: 125 (…). This acquisition was one of the most interest and cheapest for 1932”. (JLS32: 25-26). 67 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 *Davey, W.J. (?-?) [U.K.] — Address in 1926: 19, Allfarthing Lane, Wandworth Common, London SW18. “I had met Mr. W.J. Davey many times previously at the British Museum (…) member of the London Malacological Society” (JLS26: 77). According to the membership list of this Society in 1926, Davey was elected as member in 1913, but further data are unknown. Del Prete, Raimondo(1850-1937) [Italy] — Exchanged in 1928, 1929 [catalogue not present], and 1931; sent mainly non-marine shells. Demange, Victor (1870-1940) [France] — A trader, who spent a considerable part of his life in south-east Asia (BREURE & ABLETT, 2016). JLS was in contact with him during two years, the data from 1930 being lost. From the 1931 data it is clear that Demange was paid for his sendings. Doello Jurado, Martín (1884-1948) [Argentina] — Mainly known as palaeontologist. Was attached to the University of Buenos Aires and was director of the Natural History museum in that city (AGUIRRE-URRETA & CAMACHO, 2011). They exchanged in 1927 and 1928. Drier, E. Newton (?-?) [New Zealand] — “Dr Newton Drier, whose address I had found in Cassino’s Naturalists’ Directory, was one of my few new correspondents for 1928. Apparently a keen student of New Zealand mollusca, with an important local collection as can be judged by his extensive list if duplicates” (JLS28: 194). Mentioned as from “Canada” in COAN & KABAT (2019). Edlauer, Aemilian (1882-1960) [Austria] — JLS had received Edlauer’s address from Werner Boeckel and exchanged with him once in 1938. Emery, Daniel Littlefield (1861-1950) [U.S.A.] — Held several supervisory mechanical positions in California, and began collecting in 1910. Six years later he moved to Florida from where he corresponded with leading amateur and professional conchologists (FARGO, 1950). Was in contact with JLS during 1924. Engberg, Carl Christian (1872-?) [Sweden/U.S.A.] — Was in contact during 1925. One exchange. Eshnaur, Nannie Milton (Mrs.) (1862-1943) [U.S.A.] — In 1928 her collection was “less than 5,000 species” and “mainly limited to California & Florida shells” (JLS28: 172); was also a correspondent of Sundler (q.v.). Eyerdam, Walter Jakob (1892-1974) [U.S.A.] — “When I applied to him for exchanges in 1932 he was in Alaska & his answer to my letter throws much light on his activities as a collector: ‘… During the summer I have collected & explored on 16 of the Aleuthian Islands. This was my 11th trip to Alaska and I have made 3 trips round the world during the last 7 years, engaged in collecting biological material for various museums. I made very large collections of shells in Haiti, New Guinea + the Solomon I. (…) I have made exchanges with Mr. Clench, Mr. Webb, Mrs. Oldroyd, Mr. Dautzenberg & practically all the correspondents that you mention’ ” (JLS33: 14-15). They were also in contact during 1935-1937. *Felten, Marcel (?-?) [France] — Address in 1933: 36, rue Camille Lenoir, Reims. He was a member of the Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims (listed in 1930: “Botanique. Entomologie: Coléoptères français”). Fenaux, André (?-?) [France] — Paid a visit to JLS on Oct. 12th, 1933. He was a member of the Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims (listed in 1930: “Géologie: gastéropodes pélécypodes, terrains tertiaires; mollusques marins et d’eau douce”, with the address 119, rue Paradis, Marseille, and occupation “Exploitation forestière”). Besides exchanges during the years 1933-1937 and 1939, Fenaux also bought a number of specimens from JLS. Fernández, Miguel (1882-1950) [Germany/Argentina] — He was a German-Argentinian zoologist and embryologist, who described the first published account of obligate polyembryony (twinning) in armadillos. During 1924 he was in contact with JLS [earlier data are lost]. For further biographical data, see CARTER (2018) and references therein. Ford, Paul Dean (1893-1969) [U.S.A.] — “According to his first letter dated April 6th [1937] he had been a missionary for several years in the West Indie Islands and had collected thousands of land & sea shells in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Haiti & the Cayman Is. Unfortunately, to use his own words, he ‘did not know the correct name of them all’. That he has but the slightest experience with conchology leaves no doubt (JLS37: 8). *Fontecha, Roman (?-?) [Philippines] — Mentioned as “shell collector, Davao, P.I.” (JLS36: 42). His address according to a letter pasted in the catalogue was: P.O. Box 144, Davao, Mindanao. JLS found the identifications by this dealer not trustworthy. *French, G. (?-?) [unknown] — The contact was made before 1924 [data lost]. 68 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 *Friedrich, Hans (?-?) [Germany] — Address in 1934: Schneckenburger Strasse 15-1, Munich 8, Germany. “From Dr Friedrich’s letters I learned that he was interested in land, freshwater & marine mollusca, but not in fossils (…), among other he possessed over 100 land forms from Tonquin & was, above all, ‘an ardent lover of finely preserved specimens’” (JLS34: 9). Fulton, Hugh Coomber (1861-1942) [U.K.] — A well-known shell dealer. JLS bought several series from him, both during his London years and when he had returned to Reims. Gatliff, John Henry (1848-1935) [Australia] — Born in the U.K., the family migrated to Victoria, Australia in 1857. Gatliff worked at a commercial bank in different positions, but became interested in natural history at an early age. He worked extensively on marine species and build op a collection of 35,000 specimens (SMITH, 1981). He was in contact with JLS during 1924. Graziadei, Dario (?-?) [Italy] — JLS had his address from “the wrapper of a box from Dr. Werner Boeckel”; he wrote his name as ‘Derio’ (JLS37: 20). There was only one exchange. Gregg, Wendell Oliver (1898-1979) [U.S.A.] — A medical doctor by profession, he had a particular interest in western American land snails, later also in hydrobiids from southern California and Nevada (Miller, 1980). JLS and he exchanged during 1924. Guilleaume, A. (?-?) [France] — He was a member of the Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims, and member of the Bureau in 1905. Gyngell, Walter John (1857?-1933) [U.K.] — His letterhead mentioned “Walter Gyngell / Dealer in Books on Conchology, Mollusca, Geology, Marien Biology, etc. / Also Conchological Specimens / 26, Gordon Street, Scarborough”. JLS ordered twice from him; in 1928 he left his bill (amounting £ 1.8.0) unpaid as “no more than 10 or 12 sp. were new to me (…) It is only to be regretted that the sets were too small, Mr. Gyngell having in all cases – except 3 – included but a single specimen of each sp., which is certainly insufficient when such minute shells as Jefferysia, Aclis, Cerithiopsis, Idas, etc. are concerned”. Hadley, Frank Knight (?1890-1965) [U.S.A.] — “Having heard of me through Mrs. Calleja, Mrs. Hadley (88 Oliver St. Malden, Mass.) made me an offer of exchange” (JLS40: 7). *Halifax, John (?-?) [South Africa] — Sent one consignment in reaction to an advertisement in a local newspaper by JLS. *Hann, Leonard Carse (?-?) [U.K.] — “Mr L.C. Hann, 58 Blenheim Park Road, South Croydon [London], whose acquaintance I made at the British Museum, is only an amateur having been collecting for a short time & in a small way” (JLS26: 90). According to the membership list of the Malacological Society of London in 1926, Hann was elected as member in 1924, but further data are unknown. Hargreaves, John Ashworth (1856-1929) [U.K.] — Schoolmaster, later purchased a bookselling and stationary business in Scarborough; further biographical data in GYNGELL (1929). One exchange during 1926. Henderson, Junius (1865-1937) [U.S.A.] — Lawyer and honorary curator of the University of Colorado Museum, where he “through a system of exchanges built up a magnificent collection of specimens in the Museum” (COCKERELL, 1938). JLS exchanged with him in 1924 and 1932. In both years Henderson sent also some paratypes of species he had described or material “from type lots”. *Hermann, H.W. (?-?) [unknown] — JLS corresponded with him after he had received his address end 1938 from Mrs. Calleja [address of Hermann not mentioned in the catalogues]. *Hill, Herman W. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — Address in 1925: Box 11, Garland, Maine. They exchanged only once. *Hobbs, Edmund Everett, Sr. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — “The two small exchanges which I effected with Mr. Hobbs whose address (412, Turner St., Utica, N.Y., U.S.A.) had been given me by Mr. Jackson, had practically no result, except the extension of some of my sets & the increase of my exchange material” (JLS25: 66). *Hohl, Ida (Mrs.) (?-?) [South Africa] — Sent material in reaction on one of JLS’ advertisements in a local newspaper. Sent in total five consignments totalling 9,483 specimens belonging to 231 species. Horst, Rutgerus (1849-1930) [Netherlands] — JLS approached Horst – at that time curator for invertebrates in the Leiden museum – in October 1922, expressing his interest in “acquiring recent shells, particularly from the Dutch Colonies”. This letter showed that he asked also “addresses of any collectors or directors of museums who would be interested in the subject [of exchange]”. He thanked Horst in February 69 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 1923 for the “consignment of shells (…). Everything was in perfect order & satisfactory” (Correspondence in Leiden museum archives). *Hostie, Emile (?-?) [Belgium] — Address in 1939: 37-39, Rue de la Princesse, Antwerp, Belgium. Trader in textiles, interested in fossils from the Pliocene of Antwerp. Contacted by JLS “on Mr. Bédé’s recommendation”. Huffman, Earl C. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — He had collected together with Bales (q.v.) at Atapulco, Mexico, after which Bales provided his address (356, Stanton St., Pasadena) in 1938 to JLS. The latter noticed “makes the impression of being an old collector with a fairly important collection, especially of Californian & Mexican marine mollusca” (JLS38: 27). Hugues — See Ruiz Hugues, G. Jackson, Ralph Waldo (1894-1979) [U.S.A.] — In 1931, Jackson wrote “that he intended disposing of his entire marine and freshwater collection in order to devote his whole time to the study of land species”. JLS noted that Jackson had recorded on the labels the names of the persons from whom he had obtained the specimens “Dr. Fred Baker, W. Eyerdam, A.J. Brown, Ch.A. Pitman, W.E. Crane, Ch.H. Lowe, Dr Gregg, C.E. White, Fred Tobleman, Junius Henderson, A.E. Brookes, Dr Werner Blume, Chas.L. Cass, Gilbert S. Perez, Chas. H. Rowe, Dr Felippone, Milton S. Ray, D.F.S. MacArthur, H. Schlesch, Chas. Veatch, B. Sundler. Some labels were in Mrs. Eshnauer’s & Mr. Clench’s handwriting & other marked ‘Det. by U.S.M.’, ‘identified by E.G. Vanatta’ or ‘Ex Bryant Walker’” (JLS31: 18-19). Jaeckel, Siegfried Heinrich Ferdinand (1892-1970) [Germany] — “Although Dr Jaeckel wrote me ‘Mich interessieren Land- und Susswassermollusken mehr als marine Arten’ and asked especially for non-marine shells (…) my exchanges with him show that he studied all classes of molluscs from all parts of the world & in spite of a few of his specimens being incorrectly classified or not as perfectly preserved as might be desired, it is evident that he must possess quite important a collection” (JLS36: 36). One further exchange in 1937. Jankowski, Antoni (1874-1945) [Poland] — Exchanged once, with JLS receiving non-marine species from Poland. Jaume, Miguel Luis (1905-1990) [Cuba] — Jaume sent JLS two consignments early 1935, in total 216 species of Cuban molluscs. *Josef, J. (?-?) [unknown] — The contact was made before 1924 [data lost]. Kaas, Pieter (1915-1996) [Netherlands] — See STRACK (1996) for a biography; was befriended with ten Broek (q.v.). They exchanged with JLS once, in 1939. Käufel, Franz (1892-1956) [Austria] — He was also one of the correspondents of Schlesch (q.v.). He wrote “Ich arbeite im Wiener naturhistorischen Staatsmuseum ausschlieslich in Clausilien der ganzen Erde” (JLS26: 11). Keen, Angeline Myra (1905-1986) [U.S.A.] — Became a well-known paleontologist and sea-shell expert at Stanford University. Exchanged with JLS during 1939-1940. *Kirtland, F.R. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — Address in 1936: 401 South Street, Key West, Florida. He wrote ‘I have only recently started to collect and many of my shells are yet unidentified’ (JLS36: 4). Koto, Adele (Miss) (?-?) [U.S.A.] — Received the address of JLS from “Marian Kirtland (Mrs. Lowe)” (JLS38: 16). She had only common Floridan shells as duplicates and “although as may be expected, she had no species unrepresented in my collection to offer me, I accepted her exchange offer rather to encourage her & in the hope she might later develop in a full-blown correspondent and a useful correspondent”. They exchanged only once. Kuščer, Ljudevit (1891-1944) [Slovenia] — JLS wrote him early 1933 on suggestion of Sundler (q.v.), and received in 1934 small consignment of non-marine shells. Lermond, Norman Wallace (1861-1944) [U.S.A.] — For a biography, see PILSBRY & BAKER, 1945. Lermond and JLS exchanged once during 1925. Lhomme, Léon (1867-1949) [France] — Signed his 1905 paper with “Ingenieur”; mentioned as ‘book publisher and seller, including books on molluscs’ in COAN & KABAT (2019). In 1909 he succeeded Paul Klincksieck as director of Liberie des Sciences Naturelles in Paris. In 1922 he started the journal ‘L’Amateur 70 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 de papillons’, later renamed ‘Revue française de lépidoptérologie’; he is best known for his work as entomologist. See also LUQUET (2009). Lindsay, Lionel (?-?) [U.K.] — Address in 1924 was: 47 Westbourne Terrace, London W2. “Mr. Lindsay appears to be a gentleman of means collecting rather in an amateurish than in a scientific way and principally interested in ‘show’ specimens” (JLS24: 45). *Lister, J.W. (?-?) [U.K.] — Acted on behalf of the Hove Museum in Brighton and sent shells to JLS for reclassification, of which he retained part (JLS25: 122; JLS26: 12). Lockwood Thompson, Elizabeth (?-?) [U.K.] — No further data known. Exchange during 1924. Lowe, Herbert Nelson (1880-1936) [U.S.A.] — For biographical notes, see STRONG & CHACE, 1936. Exchanged with JLS during 1924 and 1925. MacGlamery, Winnie (Miss) (1887-1977) [U.S.A.] — Assistant Paleontologist and Librarian at the Alabama Museum of Natural History, who received JLS’ letter asking for exchange shortly after the death of T.H. Aldrich (JOHNSON, 1932). A first exchange was completed in the same year, and “it considerably increases my knowledge of Alabama shells which were so far very scanty represented in my cabinets; it also brings a useful contribution to the fauna of Mauritius, beside adding some examples from various other localities” (JLS32: 33). Mant, Charles Francis (1874-?) [U.S.A.] — The first contact was pre-1924 and no further data are known. One consignment was received during 1924. Marks, E. Sidney (?-1951) [U.S.A.] — Corresponded on behalf of the Paterson Museum, 268 Summer Street, Paterson, New Jersey, to which Zoological Department he was “connected (…) and in a position to conduct exchanges on their behalf” (JLS31: 3). Maynard, Charles Johnson (1845-1929) [U.S.A.] — Ornithologist who made an extensive collection of Cerion species, about which he also published (JOHNSON, 1930). Their first contact was in 1925; in 1928 JLS placed an order for Cerion species with Maynard, who used on his letterhead “Publisher of Books on Natural History”. Mazÿck, William Gaillard (1846-1942) [U.S.A.] — Worked as printer, librarian, journalist and as clerk at a railroad company, before he co-founded the Equitable Fire Insurance Company, where he was at the Board of directors (RICHARDSON, 1943). In 1925 he made one exchange with JLS. McGinty, Paul P. (1877-1956) [U.S.A.] — In 1931 he sent non-marine shells from Florida and Cuba, among them various Liguus forms. Also sent and offered topotype material of several species, and specimens of a “rare and new form of Megalomastoma ungula mirandum Pils. I have a few sent me by my good friend Dr Pilsbry. Could spare 2 they are fine large specs”. However, this taxon is not in CLENCH & TURNER (1962), and the message may thus have been misleading. In 1934 JLS received shells from the Philippines, Cuba and Florida, which “included 21 varieties new to me & 2 or 3 worth retaining for enlargement of my own sets” (JLS34:14). *McKee, W.M. (?-?) [South Africa] — One consignment was sent in reaction to an advertisement in a local newspaper. Mermod, Gaston (1885-1982) [Switzerland] — Curator at the Geneva museum. One exchange in 1926. Mesa, Pedro de (1885-1966) [Philippines] — “In Febr. 1932 Mr. P. de Mesa sent me the enclosed list of shells together with a letter proposing to exchange or sell specimens and in which he wrote among other things: ‘Mr. F.S. Webber of Holioke, Mass. gave me your name. I have plenty of land shells to offer from Mindoro and other small neighbouring islands. I am not a scientist, but collecting shells has been my hobby for 10 years now”. He also wrote he was in contact with P. Bartsch and Clench (q.v.) in the U.S.A., and had exchanged with Fulton (q.v.) and Tomlin (q.v.) from England. JLS asked for Cochlostyla species and received, among other, “some 11 forms new to me, mainly sub-species recently described by Bartsch, Clench & Archer. However disputable may be the utility of so multiplying the varietal names in order to apply distinct ones to hardly recognizable races, it is interesting to posses topotypes from a reliable source of any described form and, thus to be in a position to ascertain its worth” (JLS32: 55-56). De Mesa explicitly considered himself not a dealer but a collector “disposing of duplicates to be able to make further collecting trips” but, as the first time, required a cash payment (List d.d. January 1934 in JLS34). 71 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 *Nelson, C.D. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — “Mr Nelson who had seen my address in the ‘Nautilus’ applied to me for exchange on March 16th, 1933” (JLS34: 21); he used as address George A. Davis Vocational and Technical High School, 129 Bostwick Ave., Grand Rapids, Michigan. *Newdigate, C.B. (Miss) (?-?) [South Africa] — Sent three consignments in reaction to an advertisement in a local newspaper by JLS. Oberwimmer, Alfred (1875-1930) [Austria] — Austrian physician and malacologist who had a large collection (STURANY, 1931). JLS was in contact with him during 1926 and 1927. Oldroyd, Ida Mary (Mrs.) (1856-1940) [U.S.A.] — She started collecting in 1888 and became curator of the Stanford University conchological collection in 1917 (ANONYMOUS, 1942). In 1924 she was in contact with JLS and exchanged material. *Oliver, W.R.B. [unknown] — The contact was made in 1923 [data lost], resulting in one consignment received in 1924. *Packer, Lester W. (?-?) [U.K.] — “Mr. Lester W. Packer, 177 Twickenham R., Isleworth, is an other collected whom I became acquainted with through meeting him at the British Museum. Being a beginner with little to offer but British land & fresh water shells, I suggested him to purchase sp. from Fulton & share the specimens with me in exchange for other sp. unrepresented in his collection” (JLS25: 104). Pallary, Paul Maurice (1869-1942) [Algeria] — JLS was in contact with him during seven years between 1927 and 1936, the 1929 data being lost. From their correspondence it is clear that Pallary also sent out price lists. *Parris, W.G. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — “I had never heard of Mr. W.G. Parris, of Wirmingham, Tennessee, U.S.A. until I received his offer for exchange (…). From the small size of his list, etc., it would appear that Mr. Parris is only a beginner, although as stated in one of his letters he must ‘have supplied several hundred specimens to private collectors’, evidently among other to Mr. Fred M. Reed & Mr. S.C. Field whose addresses occurred on the wrappers of his shells” (JLS31: 1). Peile, Alfred James (1868-1948) [U.K.] — Peile was an officer in the Royal Artillery, and served in the South African War (1901-1902) and the 1914-1918 War. Between 1920 and 1940 he was a voluntary worker at the NHM (GEORGE, 2009), during which time he and JLS met. *Perez, G.S. (?-?) [unknown] — The first contact dates before 1924 and no further data are known. ‘Phillimore collection’ — “The specimen[s] enumerated in this chapter were purchased for £ 1.0.0 (…) from a lady (name unknown; address: No. 17 Upper Phillimore Place, High St., Kensington) whom I had met once at the British Museum. The collection this lady had for sale was a fairly considerable one containing beside land shells – the whole of which I acquired – a large number of fine marine specimens (…) the price of which was unfortunately too high to allow of my buying them” (JLS25: 21). *Pieris, Consuleo (Miss) (?-?) [Sri Lanka] — Send two consignments after JLS placed an advertisement in a local newspaper. *Pitman, Chas.A. (?-?) [Australia] — “Mr. Chas. A. Pitman, Public Buildings, Davey St., Hobart, Tasman[ia]. who applied to me with response to my last year’s advertisement in the ‘Hobart Mercury’, although a shell collector, appears to be an inexperienced one” (JLS24: 11). Two exchanges were made in 1924-1925. *Poland, William E. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — Address in 1936: 510 M Street, West Palm Beach, Florida. JLS started corresponding with him after having seen his name mentioned in The Nautilus (SMITH, 1936: 137). “From Mr. Poland’s answer to my letter, I gathered that he is less experienced in the scientific study of shells than keen on ‘the keen joy of collecting & the thrill one gets when finding some rarely beautiful specimens’ to use his own words” (JLS36: 9). *Pollock, John A. (Rev.) (?-?) [Philippines] — Was ‘Director of the Museum of Ateneo de Manila’. They made one exchange after Pollock’s address had been given by P.B. Sivickis. Powell, Arthur William Baden (1901-1987) [New Zealand] — Initially a commercial artist and lithographer, he was Honorary Conchologist at the Auckland Museum from 1916 until he was appointed to the staff as conchologist and palaeontologist in 1929 (CERNOHORSKY, 1988). He started to exchange with JLS in 1926, for which he used his home address, and six exchanges occurred till 1939. *Reed, Fred M. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — Address in 1928: 547 Chicago Avenue, Riverside, California. 72 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Remington, Pardon Sheldon Jr. (1899-1975) [U.S.A.] — They exchanged during 1924 and 1925. He is mainly known as ornithologist. *Ridler, Norman R. (?-?) [Australia] — Address in 1925: Saltwater River, Tasman’s Peninsula, Southern Tasmania. Reacted to an advertisement JLS had placed in the ‘Tasmanian Mercury’. *Robert, Edmond (?-?) [France] — Address in 1933: 24, rue Ruinart de Brimont, Reims. He was a member of the Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Reims (listed in 1930: “Géologie, Fossiles” with occupation “Professeur de musique”). *Rocha, Francisco Dias da (1869-1960) [Brazil] — Entrepeneur and naturalist. Founded in 1898 the “Museu Rocha” in Fortaleza, which covered archeology, botany, mineralogy and zoology (ANONYMOUS, 2019). They made exchanges during 1925 and 1926. See Fig. 21. Rodeck, Hugo George (1902-2004) [U.S.A.] — At the first contact with JLS, Rodeck was “asst. Prof. of Nat. Hist.” at the University of Colorado, and a colleague of Henderson (q.v.) at the Colorado Museum. The consignment from September, 1935 contained some paratypes and topotypes. Rolle, Franz Hermann (1864-1929) [Germany] — Dealer, who is mentioned both in the 1924 and 1928 catalogues, and who used the letterhead “Kosmos, Naturhistorisches und ethnographisches Institut / Hermann Rolle, Berlin W 30, Speyerstr. 8”. Fig. 21 – Part of 1925 catalogue, showing the portrait of F.D. da Rocha and text written by JLS. Rousseau, Philéas (1860-1935) [France] — Possessed a collection containing 7,800 species after his death, which was transferred in 1937 to the University of Poitiers (VIMPÈRE, 2015). *Rudd, S. (?-?) [South Africa] — They made only one exchange (JLS24: 62). *Ruiz Hugues, Guillermo (?-?) [Cuba] — Address in 1934: Apartado 346, Sanchez Hechanarria Baja 11, Santiago del Cuba. JLS received in that year a small consignment from him of Cuban shells. 73 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 Rush, Raymond C. (1875-1954) [U.S.A.] — Correspondence started in 1928, but only in 1932 one consignment was received which turned out to be of little value for JLS “only 7 sp. being new to me” (JLS32: 17). *Rušnov, Leo P. (?-?) [Austria] — When JLS asked B. Sundler for the address of W. Blume (q.v.), and he wrote him, he got answer from Dr Rušnov, who remarked “Dr Blume sent me your letter as he sold me his entire collection and has no more mollusca to exchange. My collection consists of more than 11,000 species of land & fresh water shells. I am interested neither in marine nor in bivalves. Most of the material I can offer comes from Rolle in Berlin… the Operculata come from Dr Blume’s collection who had them from Rolle” (JLS32: 52). *Sanftleben, Henry C.L. (?-?) [Jamaica] — He sent one consignment of shells in reaction of an advertisement placed by JLS in a local newspaper (JLS24: 31). Saxton, Vern Fred (1874-1967) [U.S.A.] — One exchange in 1937 with this Floridan collector. Schlesch, Hans Andreas (1891-1962) [Denmark] — After qualifying as a pharmacist, he acquired a business in Iceland, later established himself in Copenhagen. A prolific writer on malacology, made large collections (partly destroyed during the 1940-1945 war), and known as a colourful and controversial person (BIGGS, 1963). One exchange during 1926. Schwengel, Jeanne Sanderson (Mrs.) (1899-1961) [U.S.A.] — One small exchange in 1938 after she received JLS’ address from a friend, Dr. Louise Perry. *Sharon, (Mrs.) Rubie E. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — Address in 1933: Box 493, Hermosa Beach, California. “This lady who had just stated collecting shells was like all beginners chiefly interested in the pretty specimens” (JLS33: 21). *Sitsch, Adolf (?-?) [Poland] — “Mr. A. Sitsch of Nowoyródek (IV Zautez Nr. 3, Poland) who is an another new correspondent for me, had exchanged with Mr. Sundler”. They exchanged in 1935 and 1937 relatively small amounts of shells. Smith, Maxwell (1888-1961) [U.S.A.] — Biographical data in BAILY, 1962. Exchanged fossils in 1936. *Snow, K.H. (Mrs.) (?-?) [South Africa] — Sent one consignment in reaction to an advertisement in a local newspaper by JLS. Spicer, Vernum Dennis Philip (1897-1968) [U.S.A.] — One exchange in 1932, received Samoan shells. *Sprick, J. (?-?) [Poland] — Address in 1926: Wartenbergerstrasse 14a, Oels (Schlesien) [Oleśnica]. He was a railroad inspector, whose address had been obtained from Schlesch (q.v.). They made a single exchange. Stenzel, Henryk Bronislaw (1899-1980) [Poland/U.S.A.] — When JLS became in contact, Stenzel was at the Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, from where he despatched fossils from the Cook Mountain formation (Middle Eocene) of Texas (see also HARRY, 1981). *Stevens, L.R. (?-?) [U.K.] — JLS helped him with identifying shells from the Epsom College and he is mentioned in the catalogues from 1924-1928. Not found in the membership archive of the Malacological Society of London, but in NHM several lists as typescript are preserved with his collection and duplicates; a note stated he had more than 12,000 species represented in his collection. An undated list mentioned as address 5 Guildhall Chambers, Basinghall Street, London EC2. Stevenson, A.G. (?-?) [New Zealand] — Although Stevenson’s application for exchanged dated from December, 1933, the first consignment was only received 12 months later. He wrote “I have a fairly extensive collection from New Zealand shells & would like to exchange with collectors of all parts of the worls as I am anxious to build up a good reference collection for research purposes” (JLS34: 49). The contact was, however, not continued. *Stöhr, L.M. (Rev.) (?-?) [Martinique] — “The rev. L.M. Stöhr, Science teacher (Fort de France, Martinique, French West Indies) whose address I had found in Casino’s Naturalist’ Directory (p. 262) wrote to me in his reply to the exchange proposal which I made to him, that he had been in the Martinique only since November 1926 and that although he had not yet had opportunity of completing his collection of sp. of the isle, he has already gathered most of the land & freshwater forms” (JLS27: 77). They made one exchange. Sundler, Berthold (?-?) [Sweden] — The exchanges began in 1927 and continued during the whole period covered by the catalogues. From the data recorded by JLS it is clear that Sundler was a very active collector who exchanged with various people and institutions, both local and world-wide. According to the 74 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 membership list of the Malacological Society of London in 1926, Sundler was elected as member in 1924, but further data are unknown. “While some of Mr. Sundler’s shells evidently came from Mr. Eyerdam, from a Californian collection and from various undetermined sources, other were marked Swed. State Mus., Swed. South Polar Exp., Sw. Exp. 1868, Gothenburg Mus., leg. Dr. N. Odhner 1930, leg. Dr. Mortensen, W. Boeckel 8/6 1930, Dr del Prete, Coll. Monterosato, Ex C.F. Mant, Garrett ex Pease, R.E. Call 1882, leg. Diomedes Davidson, Baker Collect., A.F. Gray, ex Lewis Coll., Coll. Randolph” (JLS31: 30). Sundler usually sent several consigments in a year. Sunier, Armand Louis Jean (1886-1974) [Netherlands] — During 1925 JLS was in correspondence with Sunier, curator of invertebrates in the Leiden museum and successor of Horst (q.v.). He held that position only till 1928, when he became Director of Artis Zoo in Amsterdam, and was succeeded by Bayer (q.v.). JLS expressed especially an interest “in Amphidromus species from your Malay Archipelago”. He explained that he had many common species among his duplicates “which you certainly possess, but which interest other collectors in Holland. I was wondering whether you knew any of them whom you could kindly recommend to me? Very often, correspondents of mine – especially in the U.S.A. ask me for addresses of collectors and I could direct them to you if this arrangement is agreeable to you. Some, whom you know perhaps already – such as Dr Fred Baker, Prof. Engberg, Chace, etc. have very fine material for exchange”. From the draft reply from Sunier it becomes clear that JLS had complained about the last consignment received from Horst. Furthermore, Sunier clearly stated that he would send one or two specimens of a species in future consignments. In the accompanying list of material sent, the number of specimens in each lot varied from 1-20, most being up to 6. In his reply JLS spoke of his disappointment not to find some species mentioned on a previous list of duplicates he had received from Horst. “My collection includes nearly 30,000 species and, therefore, nearly all the large marine shells are exceedingly well represented in it”. Again he expressed to be in need of land shells and small marine ones, and included a list of ‘desiderata’. From the correspondence it appears that JLS also received some ‘co-types’ from Schepman taxa among the duplicates (Correspondence in Leiden museum archives). Tello, Jaime (?-?) [Venezuela] — JLS was in contact with him (JLS28: 171), but further details are unknown (see also MOGOLLÓN AVILA & BREURE, 2009: 606). Thaanum, Ditlev Due (1867-1963) [Denmark/U.S.A.] — One exchange in 1926. Biographical data in REHDER (1969). *Thaha, S.L.M. (?-?) [Sri Lanka] — Sent one consignment in reaction to an advertisement in a local newspaper by JLS. *Thompson, Lionel F. (?-?) [U.K.] — JLS met him at the NHM and exchanged several series with him. Tobleman, Fred R. (1891-1968) [U.S.A.] — Exchanged once with JLS, who wrote “the enclosed note of his duplicates containing but 36 names and received together with his offer of exchange clearly shows that he is a mere beginner”. Tomlin, John Read le Brockton (1864-1954) [U.K.] — JLS had met him during his visits to the NHM and his name is mentioned throughout some of the early catalogues. Torre, Carlos de la (1858-1950) [Cuba] — Well-known malacologist in Cuba. One exchange in 1927. *Tuckniss, A.C. (?-?) [Sri Lanka] — Sent one consignment in reaction to an advertisement in a local newspaper by JLS. *Umani, Giorgio (?-?) [Italy] — “Mr. Umani being more an amateur than a student of conchology & having no list of his duplicates, the exchanges with him were carried out in a somewhat blind way (…) his address having been given by Mr. C. Walton” (JLS26: 4). His exchanges nevertheless resulted in 65 species new to the collection. Urbański, Jaroslaw (1909-1981) [Poland] — “Mr. J. Urbanski, of Poznán, Poland, from whom I heard for the first time in May 1935 had found my address in the ‘Archiv für Molluskenkunde’. When applying to me for exchanges he joined to his offer the accompanying list of his duplicates containing the names of 227 sp. and made only the following statement in regard to his collection: ‘Ich sammle ausschliesslich Land-und Süsswassermollusken’. (…)”. Urbański was also a correspondent of Sundler. They exchanged also in 1936 and 1938. *Van Hyning, Thompson H. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — According to the membership list of the Malacological Society of London in 1926, Van Hyning was elected as member in 1915. He was mentioned as “Curator, Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida”. JLS had sent him shells in 1925; “After much delay & only following repeated 75 Folia Conchyliologica, 50, octobre 2019 claims, I received (…) two consignements” (JLS27: 106). They exchanged only once. Thompson H. Van Hyning was the first director, appointed in 1914, and ran the Museum virtually unassisted for 29 years (ANONYMOUS, 2017). *Veley, V.H. (?-?) [unknown] — “After an interval of 5 years (see 1923 Catal. [lost]) I renewed my acquaintance with Dr Veley on the counsel of our mutual friend Mr. L.R. Stevens” (JLS28: 202). Viader, J.M. René M. (1879-1958) [Mauritius] — Associated with the Mauritius Museum & Institute in Port Louis, JLS wrote him in 1938 after having received his address from Dr. Gordon Cawston of Durban, South Africa. One exchange in 1939. See also GRIFFITHS & FLORENS, 2006. Walton, Charles (1863-?) [Australia] — He was one of the correspondents of Oliver (q.v.). They exchanged only during 1926. Ward, Frank A. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — Address in 1928: P.O.Box, Beechwood Station, Rochester, New York. Used the letterhead “Ward’s Natural Science establishment, Inc. / Manufacturers and dealers in Natural History Specimens, Apparatus and Supplies // The Frank A. Ward Foundation of Natural Science of the University of Rochester”. Webb, Walter Freeman (1869-1957 [U.S.A.] — “The 3 consignments which I received [in 1928] were the results of operations of three different kinds: purchase, exchange & appropriation” (JLS28: 196). Webber, Frederick Sanford (1863-?) [U.S.A.] — “Mr F.S. Webber, 27 Sycamore Street, Holyoke, Mass. applied to me for exchange on Mrs. Eshnaur’s recommendation”; according to the letterhead he used he was Treasurer & Clerk of the Morris Plan Company of Holyoke. “My not having previously heard of Mr. Webber, the absence of any small or minute sp. among his duplicates, which were more or less confined to the showy groups, his apparently mediocre conchological knowledge seems, – in spite of the relative importance & value of the material he offered me – to suggest that he has not been studying shells for any length of time” (JLS31: 25-26). In March 1934 Webber wrote “Last fall I purchased what was known in New York as the Maurer collection; Mr. Maurer was an artist and musician who lived to be over 100 years and had collected a large general collection mostly marines; he was not at all scientific but collected shells for their beauty” (JLS34: 6). Weeks, William H. Jr. (1870-1957) [U.S.A.] — He “had a large hardware store in Brooklyn (…). He built up a large collection of shells, mainly from original collectors and from missionaries in all parts of the world. spending a small fortune for shells” (TOBLEMAN, 1957). Exchanged with JLS during 1924 and 1925. White, C.E. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — One exchange during 1925. No further data known. *Whitmore, (Mrs.) J.E. (?-?) [U.S.A.] — Address in 1933: 312 Prospect Avenue, Hermosa beach, California. “Interested in making a fancy collection of showy shells” (JLS33: 75); contact via Mrs. Sharon. Wilkins, Guy Lawrence (1905-1957) [U.K.] — He was a commercial artist before he joined the staff of NHM in 1949 (BLOK. 1957; EWAN, 1957). One exchange during 1926. Winslow, Mina Louise (1892-1982) [U.S.A.] — She was the first curator of molluscs at the Museum of Zoology, University of Ann Arbor, from 1914-1929 (BURCH, 1963). Two exchanges during 1926 respectively 1927. Zetek, James (1886-1959) [U.S.A./Panama] — One exchange in 1932, which “contained hardly 21 varieties new to me (…) of the fauna of Panama he sent almost exclusively the commonest marine forms and but 27 or 28 of the non-marine” (JLS32: 3). 76

RELATED PAPERS

Modulo

Matías Cabello

View PDF
Strategies for finding disease genes

Dennis Drayna

View PDF

Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Multimedia - MULTIMEDIA '94

Video mosaic

Daniele Pagani

View PDF

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

Episodic vertical oscillopsia with progressive gait ataxia: clinical description of a new episodic syndrome and evidence of linkage to chromosome 13q

2007 •

Jorge Kattah

View PDF

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

Future of the Polish Textile Industrial Sector. An Overall Analysis of the Empirical Research Performed with the Delphi Method within the Project Foresight 'Modern Technologies for the Textile Industry. A Chance for Poland

2013 •

Tomasz Czajkowski

View PDF

International journal of …

Population dynamics of wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba

1998 •

剛史 古市

View PDF

Journal of Pakistan Medical Association

Recurrent bilateral frontal lobe lesion with maladaptive schema modes and PTSD symptoms: a case study

2020 •

sabir zaman

View PDF

Petra Lexová - Lenka Vrlíková (edd.), Gesta v umění

Gesta postav na deskách z Doudleb a jejich předlohy

2018 •

Hynek Látal

View PDF

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP)

The Enlightement and the Orthodox East’s Innovation in Musical Education: “The New Method of Analytical Notation” and the Impact of Logios Ermis

2021 •

evi psarrou

View PDF
Building a Digital History of Canada

2020 •

Bob Hesketh

View PDF
Les noves infrastructures

1992 •

santiago cardenal

View PDF
PEMANFAATAN DAN PENYELAMATAN SUMBER DAYA PESISIR DENGAN PENDEKATAN EKOLOGIS

2022 •

Wengki Wengki

View PDF

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

Comparative analyses of fungal biota carried by the pine shoot beetle (Tomicus piniperdaL.) in northern and southern Finland

2015 •

Ximena Galan Silva

View PDF

Scientia Forestalis

Variação genética em caracteres de crescimento em progênies de Dipteryx alata Vog

2016 •

Maximiliano Pagliarini

View PDF

Cureus

Morphological Spectrum and Pathological Parameters of Type 2 Endometrial Carcinoma: A Comparison With Type 1 Endometrial Cancers

2020 •

Syeda Iftikhar

View PDF

Precision agriculture ’21

37. Mapping of hailstorm and strong wind damaged crop areas using LAI estimated from multispectral imagery

2021 •

lorenzo nicoli

View PDF

Indian Heart Journal

β-T594M epithelial sodium channel gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in individuals of Indo-Aryan ancestry in Northern India

2014 •

Sanjay Tyagi

View PDF

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics

Comprehensive Assessment of Outcomes From Patients With Severe Early-onset Scoliosis Treated With a Vertebral Column Resection: Results From an SRS Global Outreach Site (FOCOS) in Ghana

2018 •

Kushagra Verma

View PDF

Lithuanian Journal of Physics

Effect of indirect interband transitions on terahertz conductivity in “decorated” graphene bilayer heterostructures

2016 •

Taiichi Otsuji

View PDF

Procedia CIRP

The inclusion of vehicle shape and aerodynamic drag estimations within the life cycle energy optimisation methodology

2019 •

Josef-Peter Schöggl

View PDF

Mind & Language

Vision, Action, and Make-Perceive

2008 •

Robert Briscoe

View PDF

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences

Foreign Megastores and the Nigerian Economy: A Study of Shoprite

2014 •

Olanrewaju Peter

View PDF

Análisis Político

La Tridimensionalidad De La Víctima: Un Análisis Del Discurso en El Proceso De Transición Colombiano

2018 •

Freddy Alfonso Guerrero Rodríguez

View PDF

Physical Review D

Dibaryons with two strange quarks and one heavy flavor in a constituent quark model

2016 •

Su houng Lee

View PDF

Journalism & Mass Communication Educator

Journalism Education in Post-Truth Era: Pedagogical Approaches Based on Indian Journalism Students’ Perception of Fake News

2019 •

Harsh Mishra

View PDF